Cooperative Rate Splitting Transmit Design for Full-Duplex-Enabled Multiple Multicast Communication Systems

This paper examines the performance of Full-Duplex Cooperative Rate Splitting(FD-CRS)with Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer(SWIPT)support in Multiple Input Single Output(MISO)networks.In a Rate Splitting Multiple Access(RSMA)multicast system with two local users and one remote user,the common data stream contains the needs of all users,and all users can decode the common data stream.Therefore,each user can receive some information that other users need,and local users with better channel conditions can use this information to further enhance the reception reliability and data rate of users with poor channel quality.Even using Cell-Center-Users(CCUs)as a cooperative relay to assist the transmission of common data can improve the average system speed.To maximize the minimum achievable rate,we optimize the beamforming vector of Base Station(BS),the common streamsplitting vector,the cooperative distributed beamvector and the strong user transmission power under the power budget constraints of BS and relay devices and the service quality requirements constraints of users.Since the whole problem is not convex,we cannot solve it directly.Therefore,we propose a low complexity algorithm based on Successive Convex Approximation(SCA)technology to find the optimal solution to the problemunder consideration.The simulation results show that FD C-RSMA has better gain andmore powerful than FD C-NOMA,HD C-RSMA,RSMA and NOMA.

Design of the electron cyclotron emission diagnostic on EXL-50 spherical torus

The electron cyclotron emission(ECE)diagnostic system has been developed on the ENN spherical torus(EXL-50).The ECE system is designed to detect radiation emitted by energetic electrons,rather than conventional 1D electron temperature profile measurement,in the frequency range of 4-40 GHz.The system is composed of five subsystems,each covering a different frequency band,including the C-band(4-8 GHz),X-band(8-12 GHz),Ku-band(12-18 GHz),K-band(18-26.5 GHz)and Kα-band(26.4-40 GHz).The system uses heterodyne detection to analyze the received signals.The K-band and Kα-band subsystems are located horizontally in the equatorial plane of the EXL-50,while the C-band,X-band and Ku-band subsystems are located under the vacuum vessel of the EXL-50.To direct the microwaves from the plasma to the antennas for the horizontal detection subsystems,a quasi-optical system has been developed.For the vertical detection subsystems,the antennas are directly attached to the port located beneath the torus at R=700 mm,which is also the magnetic axis of the torus.The system integration,bench testing and initial experimental results will be thoroughly discussed,providing a comprehensive understanding of the ECE system s performance and capabilities.

Performance Analysis of Intelligent Reflecting Surface Assisted Wireless Communication System

In this paper,we investigate the end-to-end performance of intelligent reflecting surface(IRS)-assisted wireless communication systems.We consider a system in which an IRS is deployed on a uniform planar array(UPA)configuration,including a large number of reflecting elements,where the transmitters and receivers are only equipped with a single antenna.Our objective is to analytically obtain the achievable ergodic rate,outage probability,and bit error rate(BER)of the system.Furthermore,to maximize the system’s signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),we design the phase shift of each reflecting element and derive the optimal reflection phase of the IRS based on the channel state information(CSI).We also derive the exact expression of the SNR probability density function(p.d.f.)and show that it follows a non-central Chi-square distribution.Using the p.d.f.,we then derive the theoretical results of the achievable rate,outage probability,and BER.The accuracy of the obtained theoretical results is also verified through numerical simulation.Itwas shown that the achievable rate,outage probability,and BER could be improved by increasing the number of reflecting elements and choosing an appropriate SNR regime.Furthermore,we also find that the IRS-assisted communication system achieves better performance than the existing end-to-end wireless communication.

Fairness-Aware Harvested Energy Efficiency Algorithm for IRS-Aided Intelligent Sensor Networks with SWIPT

In this paper,a novel fairness-aware harvested energy efficiency-based green transmission scheme for wireless information and power transfer(SWIPT)aided sensor networks is developed for active beamforming of multiantenna transmitter and passive beamforming at intelligent reflecting surfaces(IRS).By optimizing the active beamformer assignment at the transmitter in conjunction with the passive beamformer assignment at the IRS,we aimtomaximize the minimumharvested energy efficiency among all the energy receivers(ER)where information receivers(IR)are bound to the signal-interference-noise-ratio(SINR)and the maximum transmitted power of the transmitter.To handle the non-convex problem,both semi-definite relaxation(SDR)and block coordinate descent technologies are exploited.Then,the original problem is transformed into two convex sub-problems which can be solved via semidefinite programming.Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the IRS and energy beamformer settings in this paper provide greater system gain than the traditional experimental setting,thereby improving the fairness-aware harvested energy efficiency of the ER.

Spectral Efficiency and Power Allocation for Mixed-ADC Massive MIMO System

This paper investigates the achievable uplink spectral efficiency(SE) of a massive multi-input multi-output(MIMO) system with a mixed analog-to-digital converter(ADC) receiver architecture, in which some antennas are equipped with full-resolution ADCs while others are deployed with low-resolution ADCs. We derive the theoretical results and corresponding approximate expressions of the achievable SE in multi-cell systems with maximum ratio combining(MRC) detector and in single-cell systems with zero-forcing(ZF) detector. Based on approximated results, the effects of physical parameters, including the transmit power, the number of antennas, the proportion of full-resolution ADCs and the quantization precision of the low-resolution ADCs on the achievable SE are revealed. Furthermore, we propose the power allocation algorithms based on the lower bound and upper bound of approximate achievable SE. Our results show that the total achievable SE improves by increasing the number of BS antennas, the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR), and the quantization precision. Results showcase that proposed power allocation algorithms remarkably improve the total achievable SE comparing to the equal power allocation algorithm, which verifies the effectiveness of our proposed schemes.

Spectral and Energy Efficiency of Downlink MU-MIMO Systems with MRT

This paper studies the achievable spectral efficiency(SE)of downlink multiuser multiple-input-multiple-output(MIMO)system,where the base station(BS)is deployed an arbitrary finite antenna number and communicates simultaneously with many users. We assume that the BS has accurate channel state information(CSI)and adopt maximum ratio transmission(MRT)precoding. An accurate analytical result for the achievable SE is obtained. Based on the analytical result on the achievable SE,we further study the achievable energy efficiency(EE)of multiuser MIMO system by considering an energy consumption model. Results indicate that the increasing number of BS antennas can boost the achievable SE of system,whilst the achievable SE tends to a saturated rate in the high signal-tonoise ratios(SNR)regime. Furthermore,an important conclusion is that the increasing number of users is beneficial for the achievable EE and there is an optimal antenna number to maximize the EE of system.

Recent Development in Thrombin Receptor Antagonist as Novel Antithrombotic Agent

Significant progress was achieved in the search of a thrombin receptor antagonist as a novel antithrombotic treatment since the thrombin receptor (protease-activated receptor-1, PAR-1) was cloned 20 years ago. Previous works have shown that it is possible to develop potent thrombin receptor antagonists to compete effectively with the receptor’s internal “tethered” ligand to block platelet activation. Vorapaxar (SCH 530348) from Schering-Plough (now Merck) and atopaxar (E5555) from Eisai have been advanced to human clinical trials. Recently, the pivotal phase III clinical trial results for vorapaxar were published. In this article we review these results plus the phase II results from atopaxar. Several newly described thrombin receptor antagonists from the literature will also be discussed. The phase III results from vorapaxar demonstrated that a thrombin receptor antagonist can achieve efficacy in addition to current standard- of-care in treating atherothrombotic patients, especially those with previous myocardial infarction (MI). However, the increased moderate and severe bleeding, especially intracranial bleeding, point to the limitations of current thrombin receptor antagonists. Future thrombin receptor antagonists that can improve on the efficacy and bleeding profile of current ones should have a promising place in meeting the unmet medical need in treating atherothrombotic patients using current standard therapy.

Programmed 6-Step Approach of Improved Liposuction-Curettage for Axillary Bromhidrosis

Background Liposuction-curettage is a long-standing and effective treatment for axillary bromhidrosis.However,residual malodor and skin necrosis typically occur following this treatment.Therefore,we improved this method to ensure fewer complications and better outcomes.Here,we have presented our programmed 6-step approach of improved liposuction-curettage.Methods The programmed 6-step approach of improved liposuction-curettage was used to remove the axillary apocrine glands.We used pointed and obtuse cannulas designed for liposuction-curettage.Results Patients treated using the programmed 6-step approach of improved liposuctioncurettage did not experience any serious complications or residual malodor.Conclusion The programmed 6-step approach of improved liposuction-curettage was more effective than traditional surgery with respect to the treatment of axillary bromhidrosis.

The short wave near-infrared fluorescence properties of two p-azaquinodimethane (p-AQM)-based conjugated polymers

The absorption,scattering,and autofluorescence of biological tissues in short-wave infrared re-gion(SWIR,900-1700 nm)are relatively low,so SWIR fluorescence usually has deeper pene-tration into living tissues,and can show a higher signal-to-noise ratio when used for imaging in vivo.However,there are few types of organic SWIR fluorescent materials currently.In this work,p-azaquinodimethane(p-AQM)with a quinoid structure is used as the acceptor unit,and car-bazole or fluorene with sp3 hybridization are used as the donor units,two conjugated polymers were synthesized.The quinone structure is conducive to the redshift of absorption and fluores-cence spectra,and the sp3 hybridization structure is conducive to weakening the aggregation quenching of polymer fluorescence.PF and PCz exhibited absorption peaks of 492 nm and 508 nm,respectively.The emission peaks of the two polymers are 920 nm and 950 nm,respec-tively,both in the short-wave near infrared region.The quantum yield(QY)of PF and PCz is 0.4%and 0.3%,respectively.

汤姆孙散射系统中发黑材料的表面散射特性测量

本文研制一套全自动散射特性测试平台,并使用该测试平台对汤姆孙散射诊断系统中杂散光吸光材料的表面散射特性开展实验测量研究。在1064nm的波段下,该测试平台对双向反射分布函数的本底噪声水平优于2×10-5sr-1。利用该测试平台测量反射镜、不锈钢、发黑铝合金和发黑涂层等多种材料的表面散射特性。依据相关测量结果,“科大一环”汤姆孙散射诊断系统采用了AvianBlack-S发黑涂料以及MetalVelvetTM发黑铝箔用于吸收杂散光。利用测量结果给出多种材料的ABg模型参数,为杂散光追踪模拟计算提供必要数据。

Low-Cost Massive MIMO:Pilot Length and ADC Resolution

When designing an energy efficient massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)system where each receiver antenna is equipped with a low-resolution analog-to-digital converter(ADC),the number of base station(BS)antennas and quantization bits are generally two mutually conflicting system parameters.In this paper,we investigate the joint optimization of the number of BS antennas and ADC resolution in quantized massive MIMO systems,assuming imperfect channel state infor-mation(CSI).A tractable approximate expression for the uplink sum spectral efficiency(SE)using maximal ratio combining(MRC)receivers is derived,based on which the pilot length which maximizes the sum SE is put forward.Considering the effect of ADCs,a realistic model of total power consumption is given subsequently.Capitalizing on it,we formulate the optimization problem of selecting the number of BS antennas and ADC resolution to maximize the sum SE under a total power consumption constraint.Our results show that more pilot symbols should be assigned for massive MIMO systems with low-resolution ADCs,especially for the receivers with one-bit quantizers.Moreover,the results show the trade-off between the number of BS antennas and quantization bits.Numer-ical results suggest that there exists an optimal ADC resolution in massive MIMO systems,while lower quan-tization bits may cause a substantial degradation of the SE performance and higher one will consume more power.