Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction and evolution reactions are involved in new energy conversion and storage technologies,such as various fuel cells and metal-air batteries and also water splitting devices[1,2].However...Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction and evolution reactions are involved in new energy conversion and storage technologies,such as various fuel cells and metal-air batteries and also water splitting devices[1,2].However,both reactions are very slow in kinetics,and thus catalysts are required[3,4].展开更多
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a major air pollutant, especially in developing countries. Many trees are seriously impaired by SO2, while other species can mitigate air pollution by absorbing this gas. Planting appropriate t...Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a major air pollutant, especially in developing countries. Many trees are seriously impaired by SO2, while other species can mitigate air pollution by absorbing this gas. Planting appropriate tree species near industrial complexes is critical for aesthetic value and pollution mitigation. In this study, six landscape tree species typical of a subtropical area were investigated for their tolerance of SO2: Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl., Ilex rotunda Thunb., Lysidice rhodostegia Hance, Ceiba insignis (Kunth) P. E. Gibbs & Semir, Cassia surattensis Burm. f., and Michelia chapensis Dandy. We measured net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, leaf sulfur content, relative water content, relative proline content, and other parameters under 1.31 mg·m-3 SO2 fumigation for eight days. The results revealed that the six species differed in their biochemical characteristics under SO2 stress. Based on these data, the most appropriate species for planting in SO2 polluted areas was I. rotunda, because it grew normally under SO2 stress and could absorb SO2.展开更多
Electronic switches with nanoscale dimensions satisfy an urgent demand for further device miniaturization.A recent heavily investigated approach for nanoswitches is the use of molecular junctions that employ photochro...Electronic switches with nanoscale dimensions satisfy an urgent demand for further device miniaturization.A recent heavily investigated approach for nanoswitches is the use of molecular junctions that employ photochromic molecules that toggle between two distinct isoforms.In contrast to the reports on this approach,we demonstrate that the conductance switch behavior can be realized with only a bare metallic contact without any molecules under light illumination.We demonstrate that the conductance of bare metallic quantum contacts can be reversibly switched over eight orders of magnitude,which substantially exceeds the performance of molecular switches.After the switch process,the gap size between two electrodes can be precisely adjusted with subangstrom accuracy by controlling the light intensity or polarization.Supported by simulations,we reveal a more general and straightforward mechanism for nanoswitching behavior,i.e.,atomic switches can be realized by the expansion of nanoelectrodes due to plasmonic heating.展开更多
In this paper,we consider the incentive mechanism of a construction supply chain which includes a contractor and several subcontractors from both economic and environmental perspectives.Firstly,we describe the structu...In this paper,we consider the incentive mechanism of a construction supply chain which includes a contractor and several subcontractors from both economic and environmental perspectives.Firstly,we describe the structure of the construction supply chain as well as the relationship between the contractor and subcontractors.Then,a bi-level nonlinear model with multiple followers comprising uncertain parameters is developed to balance the benefits of all supply chain members.In this model,the contractor is the leader while the subcontractors are followers.Next,we convert the primal model into a deterministic counterpart robust model,and a heuristic polynomial algorithm is designed to solve the transformed model.Finally,the validity of the model is verified by a numerical example.Our paper provides a method to quantitatively analyze construction projects from the perspective of supply chains while considering economic performance and environmental performance with the existence of uncertainty.展开更多
In China,cardiovascular disease has become the leading killer in recent years,and mortality from cardiovascular disease is continuing to rapidly increase.Extant medical research has proven that personal health managem...In China,cardiovascular disease has become the leading killer in recent years,and mortality from cardiovascular disease is continuing to rapidly increase.Extant medical research has proven that personal health management(prevention,intervention,and recuperation)of chronic diseases,such as cardiovascular diseases,is the best strategy for their prevention and treatment.Currently,the public can obtain health management knowledge through the Internet,newspapers,books,and other channels.However,with the explosive growth of available information,the public is limited to obtain effective health management guidance due to the characteristics of multiple sources,uneven accuracy(even some contradictory knowledge)and a major paucity of personalization,especially for the general public who lack professional medical knowledge.To address these problems,this paper proposes a knowledge base framework(i.e.domain ontology library)of health management programs based on the cardiovascular disease domain,which can standardize knowledge of health management programs both logically and structurally.In order to satisfy the needs of personalized health management,the core ontology of the domain ontology library is health-management-program ontology.In addition to common ontologies(e.g.disease ontology,drug ontology,etc.),basic ontologies include the ontology of individual health characteristics(e.g.individual-healthcharacteristics and environmental-characteristics ontology),and ontologies comprising diet and sport(e.g.ingredients,recipes,physical exercise,etc.).We then construct the ontology library through the professional ontology tool,Protégé.With a case study,we translate a piece of text health management knowledge into instances of an ontology library.At the same time,we present a personalized health management program recommendation algorithm based on the ontology library,and a recommendation case is realized according to this algorithm.As a basic research,the results of this paper can also support other health management applications in the future.展开更多
In this article, natural factors in the farmingpastoral ecotone that might have influenced the blown sand hazards in Beijing in 2000 are analyzed. In the farmingpastoral ecotone, blown sand activities took place prima...In this article, natural factors in the farmingpastoral ecotone that might have influenced the blown sand hazards in Beijing in 2000 are analyzed. In the farmingpastoral ecotone, blown sand activities took place primarily in springtime, during which 39.8 percent of the annual frequency of erosive winds above threshold occurred. The prevailing directions of the erosive winds were NNW, NW, NWW, and N, with frequencies of 47, 20, 13, and 9 percent respectively. Sand entrainment and dust emission are influenced by erosive wind frequency, soil moisture, and land use and cover change. Favorable wind characteristics and a lasting drought in 1999 and 2000 may have produced ideal conditions for land surface desiccation, vegetation degradation, and land surface mobility and the occurrence of intense sand-and dust storms in Beijing.展开更多
The systematicness of phenomics and Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)enable these two disciplines to interlink with each other.This article discussed the similarity in theory and application between TCM and phenomics ...The systematicness of phenomics and Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)enable these two disciplines to interlink with each other.This article discussed the similarity in theory and application between TCM and phenomics and illustrates their respective advantages in diagnosis and treatment of diseases,forming a new discipline eventually.Chinese medicine phe-nomics(Chinmedphenomics)is built on classic TCM,combined with phenomics technology,and the development of which needs the mega cohort with TCM syndrome and the characteristics of precision medicine as well as multi-disciplinary coop-eration,which is personalized,precise and promising,providing unique scientific insights into understanding human health.展开更多
The rapid rise of the Internet of things(IoT)have brought the progress of electronic skin(e-skin).E-skin is used to imitate or even surpass the functions of human skin.Thermoregulating is one of the crucial functions ...The rapid rise of the Internet of things(IoT)have brought the progress of electronic skin(e-skin).E-skin is used to imitate or even surpass the functions of human skin.Thermoregulating is one of the crucial functions of human skin,it is significant to develop a universal way to realize e-skin thermoregulating.Here,inspired by the sweat gland structure in human skin,we report a simple method for achieving dynamic thermoregulating,attributing to the temperature of microencapsulated paraffin remains unchanged when phase change occurs.Combining with the principle of triboelectric nanogenerator,a deep learning model is employed to recognize the output signals of handwriting different letters on ME-skin,and the recognition accuracy reaches 98.13%.Finally,realtime recognition and display of handwritings are successfully implemented by the ME-skin,which provides a general solution for thermoregulating e-skin and application direction for e-skin in the field of IoT.展开更多
Dear Editor,The timing of developmental transitions is important for plant growth and environmental adaptation. All plants undergo a series of developmental transitions during their life cycles, and each of these phas...Dear Editor,The timing of developmental transitions is important for plant growth and environmental adaptation. All plants undergo a series of developmental transitions during their life cycles, and each of these phases is characterized by unique morphological and physiological attributes （Baurle and Dean, 2006）. In maize, the vegetative transition from juvenile-to-adult vegetative development occurs in a coordinated manner and is marked by the production of leaves that differ in a suite of morphological and physiological traits, many of which contribute to fitness and crop productivity （Moose and Sisco, 1994）. Significant advances have been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating the juvenile-to-adult vegetative transition.展开更多
Plant growth regulators(PGRs) are commonly used in cereal cropping systems to restrict plant height and control lodging. Ethephon has been reported to shorten internodes and increase grain yield of maize. To analyze t...Plant growth regulators(PGRs) are commonly used in cereal cropping systems to restrict plant height and control lodging. Ethephon has been reported to shorten internodes and increase grain yield of maize. To analyze the transcriptomic profiles of maize internode elongation following ethephon treatment, differentially expressed genes were compared between the treatment and contro samples of inbred line Zong 31 using the Affymetrix Maize Genome Array. According to the microarray data 326 probe sets showed significant change in expression Further research revealed that the most remarkable effects of ethephon on maize internodes elongation occurred during a 48 h period, when 89 differentially expressed genes were detected. There were dramatic change in transcript levels at 24 h and six Auxin transport genes and four gibberellin biosynthesis pathway genes were differentially expressed in Zong 31 in response to ethephon treatment. In summary, we showed that gaseous ethylene release is involved in internode meristem cell elongation through the regulation of plant hormone signaling in maize. This work provides a platform for studies in which candidate genes will be functionally tested for involvement in internode elongation.展开更多
基金the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21773146,22171176 and 22102092)the Fok Ying-Tong Education Foundation for Outstanding Young Teachers in University+2 种基金the Research Funds of Shaanxi Normal Universitythe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe NRF of Korea(NRF-2021R1A3B1076539 and NRF-2020R1I1A1A01074630)。
文摘Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction and evolution reactions are involved in new energy conversion and storage technologies,such as various fuel cells and metal-air batteries and also water splitting devices[1,2].However,both reactions are very slow in kinetics,and thus catalysts are required[3,4].
文摘Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a major air pollutant, especially in developing countries. Many trees are seriously impaired by SO2, while other species can mitigate air pollution by absorbing this gas. Planting appropriate tree species near industrial complexes is critical for aesthetic value and pollution mitigation. In this study, six landscape tree species typical of a subtropical area were investigated for their tolerance of SO2: Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl., Ilex rotunda Thunb., Lysidice rhodostegia Hance, Ceiba insignis (Kunth) P. E. Gibbs & Semir, Cassia surattensis Burm. f., and Michelia chapensis Dandy. We measured net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, leaf sulfur content, relative water content, relative proline content, and other parameters under 1.31 mg·m-3 SO2 fumigation for eight days. The results revealed that the six species differed in their biochemical characteristics under SO2 stress. Based on these data, the most appropriate species for planting in SO2 polluted areas was I. rotunda, because it grew normally under SO2 stress and could absorb SO2.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61571242,61775105,11504270)the National Key Research and Development program of China(Grant no.2017YFA0205700)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Chinathe National Creative Research Laboratory program(Grant no.2012026372)via the National Research Foundation of Korea.
文摘Electronic switches with nanoscale dimensions satisfy an urgent demand for further device miniaturization.A recent heavily investigated approach for nanoswitches is the use of molecular junctions that employ photochromic molecules that toggle between two distinct isoforms.In contrast to the reports on this approach,we demonstrate that the conductance switch behavior can be realized with only a bare metallic contact without any molecules under light illumination.We demonstrate that the conductance of bare metallic quantum contacts can be reversibly switched over eight orders of magnitude,which substantially exceeds the performance of molecular switches.After the switch process,the gap size between two electrodes can be precisely adjusted with subangstrom accuracy by controlling the light intensity or polarization.Supported by simulations,we reveal a more general and straightforward mechanism for nanoswitching behavior,i.e.,atomic switches can be realized by the expansion of nanoelectrodes due to plasmonic heating.
文摘In this paper,we consider the incentive mechanism of a construction supply chain which includes a contractor and several subcontractors from both economic and environmental perspectives.Firstly,we describe the structure of the construction supply chain as well as the relationship between the contractor and subcontractors.Then,a bi-level nonlinear model with multiple followers comprising uncertain parameters is developed to balance the benefits of all supply chain members.In this model,the contractor is the leader while the subcontractors are followers.Next,we convert the primal model into a deterministic counterpart robust model,and a heuristic polynomial algorithm is designed to solve the transformed model.Finally,the validity of the model is verified by a numerical example.Our paper provides a method to quantitatively analyze construction projects from the perspective of supply chains while considering economic performance and environmental performance with the existence of uncertainty.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China with grants(71421002,71471064,and 91646205).
文摘In China,cardiovascular disease has become the leading killer in recent years,and mortality from cardiovascular disease is continuing to rapidly increase.Extant medical research has proven that personal health management(prevention,intervention,and recuperation)of chronic diseases,such as cardiovascular diseases,is the best strategy for their prevention and treatment.Currently,the public can obtain health management knowledge through the Internet,newspapers,books,and other channels.However,with the explosive growth of available information,the public is limited to obtain effective health management guidance due to the characteristics of multiple sources,uneven accuracy(even some contradictory knowledge)and a major paucity of personalization,especially for the general public who lack professional medical knowledge.To address these problems,this paper proposes a knowledge base framework(i.e.domain ontology library)of health management programs based on the cardiovascular disease domain,which can standardize knowledge of health management programs both logically and structurally.In order to satisfy the needs of personalized health management,the core ontology of the domain ontology library is health-management-program ontology.In addition to common ontologies(e.g.disease ontology,drug ontology,etc.),basic ontologies include the ontology of individual health characteristics(e.g.individual-healthcharacteristics and environmental-characteristics ontology),and ontologies comprising diet and sport(e.g.ingredients,recipes,physical exercise,etc.).We then construct the ontology library through the professional ontology tool,Protégé.With a case study,we translate a piece of text health management knowledge into instances of an ontology library.At the same time,we present a personalized health management program recommendation algorithm based on the ontology library,and a recommendation case is realized according to this algorithm.As a basic research,the results of this paper can also support other health management applications in the future.
基金This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China(41071331)the Ministry of Education of China(v200801).
文摘In this article, natural factors in the farmingpastoral ecotone that might have influenced the blown sand hazards in Beijing in 2000 are analyzed. In the farmingpastoral ecotone, blown sand activities took place primarily in springtime, during which 39.8 percent of the annual frequency of erosive winds above threshold occurred. The prevailing directions of the erosive winds were NNW, NW, NWW, and N, with frequencies of 47, 20, 13, and 9 percent respectively. Sand entrainment and dust emission are influenced by erosive wind frequency, soil moisture, and land use and cover change. Favorable wind characteristics and a lasting drought in 1999 and 2000 may have produced ideal conditions for land surface desiccation, vegetation degradation, and land surface mobility and the occurrence of intense sand-and dust storms in Beijing.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1704300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81730107,81973883)+6 种基金Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2017SHZDZX01)Shanghai Scientific Research Project(17401971100)Shanghai TCM Medical Center of Chronic Disease(2017ZZ01010)Three Years Action to Accelerate the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Plan(ZY(2018-2020)-CCCX-3003)the Program for Innovative Research Team of Ministry of Education of China(IRT1270)the Program for Innovative Research Team of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2015RA4002)Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(SZSM201808072).
文摘The systematicness of phenomics and Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)enable these two disciplines to interlink with each other.This article discussed the similarity in theory and application between TCM and phenomics and illustrates their respective advantages in diagnosis and treatment of diseases,forming a new discipline eventually.Chinese medicine phe-nomics(Chinmedphenomics)is built on classic TCM,combined with phenomics technology,and the development of which needs the mega cohort with TCM syndrome and the characteristics of precision medicine as well as multi-disciplinary coop-eration,which is personalized,precise and promising,providing unique scientific insights into understanding human health.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.of 2018YFB1306100the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesSEM facility of Instrument Analysis Center of Xi’an Jiaotong University。
文摘The rapid rise of the Internet of things(IoT)have brought the progress of electronic skin(e-skin).E-skin is used to imitate or even surpass the functions of human skin.Thermoregulating is one of the crucial functions of human skin,it is significant to develop a universal way to realize e-skin thermoregulating.Here,inspired by the sweat gland structure in human skin,we report a simple method for achieving dynamic thermoregulating,attributing to the temperature of microencapsulated paraffin remains unchanged when phase change occurs.Combining with the principle of triboelectric nanogenerator,a deep learning model is employed to recognize the output signals of handwriting different letters on ME-skin,and the recognition accuracy reaches 98.13%.Finally,realtime recognition and display of handwritings are successfully implemented by the ME-skin,which provides a general solution for thermoregulating e-skin and application direction for e-skin in the field of IoT.
文摘Dear Editor,The timing of developmental transitions is important for plant growth and environmental adaptation. All plants undergo a series of developmental transitions during their life cycles, and each of these phases is characterized by unique morphological and physiological attributes （Baurle and Dean, 2006）. In maize, the vegetative transition from juvenile-to-adult vegetative development occurs in a coordinated manner and is marked by the production of leaves that differ in a suite of morphological and physiological traits, many of which contribute to fitness and crop productivity （Moose and Sisco, 1994）. Significant advances have been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating the juvenile-to-adult vegetative transition.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2011AA10 A206)
文摘Plant growth regulators(PGRs) are commonly used in cereal cropping systems to restrict plant height and control lodging. Ethephon has been reported to shorten internodes and increase grain yield of maize. To analyze the transcriptomic profiles of maize internode elongation following ethephon treatment, differentially expressed genes were compared between the treatment and contro samples of inbred line Zong 31 using the Affymetrix Maize Genome Array. According to the microarray data 326 probe sets showed significant change in expression Further research revealed that the most remarkable effects of ethephon on maize internodes elongation occurred during a 48 h period, when 89 differentially expressed genes were detected. There were dramatic change in transcript levels at 24 h and six Auxin transport genes and four gibberellin biosynthesis pathway genes were differentially expressed in Zong 31 in response to ethephon treatment. In summary, we showed that gaseous ethylene release is involved in internode meristem cell elongation through the regulation of plant hormone signaling in maize. This work provides a platform for studies in which candidate genes will be functionally tested for involvement in internode elongation.
