Dynamic expression of cerebral cortex and hippocampal glutamate transporters in a rat model of chest compression-induced global cerebral ischemia

The present study established a rat model of global cerebral ischemia induced by chest compression for six minutes to dynamically observe expressional changes of three glutamate transporters in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. After 24 hours of ischemia, expression of glutamate transporter-1 significantly decreased in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, which was accompanied by neuronal necrosis. At 7 days post-ischemia, expression of excitatory amino acid carrier 1 decreased in the hippocampal CA1 region and cortex, and was accompanied by apoptosis Expression of glutamate-aspartate transporter remained unchanged at 6 hours 7 days after ischemia. These results suggested that glutamate transporter levels were altered at different periods of cerebral ischemia.

Polarization full feedback external cavity of open loop spectral beam combining based on multi-single emitters laser diode

In this paper,a spectral beam combining(SBC)structure of multi-single emitters laser diode based on a polarization full feedback(PFF)external cavity is proposed and demonstrated.The maximum combining efficiency is 75.6%,which leads to an output power of 38.48 W,a degree of polarization(DOP)of 99.42%,and electro-optical conversion efficiency of 35.63%under continuous wave operation at a current of 8 A.Compared to the conventional SBC,the output power,the combining efficiency,the electro-optical conversion efficiency,and the DOP of the PFF-SBC structure present improvements of 5.73 W,11.26 percentage points,5.3 percentage points,and 7.26 percentage points,respectively.The results show that this SBC method can achieve a high efficiency and linearly polarized laser output of SBC,thereby making the subsequent polarization beam-combining efficiency approach the limit.

m^(6)A mRNA modification potentiates Th17 functions to inflame autoimmunity

N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A),the most common and abundant epigenetic RNA modification,governs mRNA metabolism to determine cell differentiation,proliferation and response to stimulation.m^(6)A methyltransferase METTL3 has been reported to control T cell homeostasis and sustain the suppressive function of regulatory T cells(Tregs).However,the role of m^(6)A methyltransferase in other subtypes of T cells remains unknown.T helper cells 17(Th17)play a pivotal role in host defense and autoimmunity.Here,we found that the loss of METTL3 in T cells caused serious defect of Th17 cell differentiation,and impeded the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE).We generated Mettl3f/fIl17aCre mice and observed that METTL3 deficiency in Th17 cells significantly suppressed the development of EAE and displayed less Th17 cell infiltration into central nervous system(CNS).Importantly,we demonstrated that depletion of METTL3 attenuated IL-17A and CCR5 expression by facilitating SOCS3 mRNA stability in Th17 cells,leading to disrupted Th17 cell differentiation and infiltration,and eventually attenuating the process of EAE.Collectively,our results highlight that m^(6)A modification sustains Th17 cell function,which provides new insights into the regulatory network of Th17 cells,and also implies a potential therapeutic target for Th17 cell mediated autoimmune disease.

Improving the performance of high-power broad-area lasers by suppressing cavity modes propagating in the lateral dimension

We first study the effect of cavity modes propagating in the lateral dimension on high-power semiconductor lasers with a large stripe width.A sidewall microstructure was fabricated to prevent optical feedback of lateral resonant modes.Theoretically,we demonstrate the existence of lateral resonant modes in the Fabry–Perot cavity with a large stripe width.Experimentally,we design the corresponding devices and compare them with conventional broad-area diode lasers.About a 15%reduction in threshold current and a 27%increase in maximum electro-optical conversion efficiency are achieved.The amplified spontaneous emission spectrum is narrowed,which proves that lateral microstructures suppress optical feedback of lateral resonant modes.Under a large continuous-wave operation,the maximum output power of laser device is43.03 W,about 1 W higher than that of the standard broad-area laser at 48 A.

High efficiency of spectral beam combining by using large optical cavity lasers

We studied the spectral beam combining[SBC]of a large optical cavity[LOC]laser array to achieve high-power and highbrightness laser output.We discussed the characteristics of the external cavity feedback efficiency and the focal length of the transform lens for lasers with different waveguide thicknesses.We have found that using LOC laser diodes can increase the proportion of external cavity feedback,thereby improving the SBC efficiency.At a current of 90 A,the CW output power of the SBC system is 59.2 W,and the SBC efficiency reaches up to 102.8%.All emitters of the laser array have achieved spectral locking with a spectral width of 11.67 nm,and the beam parameter product is 4.38 mm·mrad.

Gut metabolites:make orphans adopted

G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)are the largest family of membrane receptors and contain seventransmembrane helices.GPCRs are versatile membrane receptors and regulate diverse intracellular signaling pathway in response to many extracellular stimuli.Upon activation by ligands,GPCRs couple to intracellular effectors,including G proteins and arrestins,1 which in turn mediate diverse downstream signaling pathways that shape a broad range of physiological functions.Many well-characterized GPCR ligands/agonists,including light.