Peanut is a major oilseed and food legume.Shelling percentage(SP),closely associated with seed yield,is a trait whose improvement is a major goal of peanut breeding.In this study,a mapping population(Xuhua 13×Zho...Peanut is a major oilseed and food legume.Shelling percentage(SP),closely associated with seed yield,is a trait whose improvement is a major goal of peanut breeding.In this study,a mapping population(Xuhua 13×Zhonghua 6)was used to map quantitative trait loci(QTL)controlling SP in four environments.Two stable major QTL for SP were mapped on both SSR-and SNP-based genetic maps.q SPA07.1 on chromosome A07 explained up to 31.7%of phenotypic variation,and q SPA08.2 on chromosome A08 explained up to 10.8%.Favorable alleles of q SPA07.1 and q SPA08.2 were derived from the female and male parents,respectively.Eight recombinant inbred lines(RILs)carrying both favorable alleles showed superiority in SP over the two parents in all environmental trials.A combination of the two favorable alleles using the linked markers was verified to increase SP by~5%in the RIL population and by~3%SP in diverse peanut cultivars.q SPA07.1 and q SPA08.2 were delimited to respectively a 0.73-Mb interval harboring 96 genes and a 3.93-Mb interval harboring 238 genes.Respectively five and eight genes with high expression in pods,including enzymes and transcription factors,were assigned as candidate genes for q SPA07.1 and q SPA08.2.These consistent major QTL provide an opportunity for fine mapping of genes controlling SP,and the linked markers may be useful for genetic improvement of SP in peanut.展开更多
Near-infrared(NIR)light has been shown to produce a range of physiological effects in hunans,however,there is still no agreement on whether and how a single parameter,like the flicker frequency of NIR light,affects th...Near-infrared(NIR)light has been shown to produce a range of physiological effects in hunans,however,there is still no agreement on whether and how a single parameter,like the flicker frequency of NIR light,affects the brain.An 810 nm NIR LED was used as the stimulator.Fifty subjects participated in this experiment.Forty subjects were randomly divided into four groups.Each group underwent a 30-minute NIR LED radiation with four different frequencies(i.e.,0 Hz,5 Hz,10 Hz and 20 Hz,respectively)on the forehead.The remaining 10 subjects formed the control group,in which they underwent a 30-minute rest period without light radiation.EEG signals of all subjects during each test were recorded.Gravity frequency(GF),relative energy change,and sample entropy were analyzed.The experimental groups had larger GF values compared to the control group.Higher stimulation frequency would cause larger growth of GF(F=14.75,P<0.001).The amplitude of alpha waves relative energy increased,while theta waves decreased remarkably in the experimental groups(p<0.02),and the extent of increase/decrease was larger at higher stimulation frequency,compared to that of the control.Sample entropy of electrodes in the frontal areas were much larger than those in other brain areas in the experimental groups(p<0.001).Larger frequency of the NIR LED light would cause more distinct brain activities in the stimulated areas.It indicates that NIR LED light may have a positive effect on modulating brain activity.These results may help improve the design of photobiomodulation treatments in the future.展开更多
Geometric error is the main factor affecting the machining accuracy of hybrid machine tools.Kinematic calibration is an effective way to improve the geometric accuracy of hybrid machine tools.The necessity to measure ...Geometric error is the main factor affecting the machining accuracy of hybrid machine tools.Kinematic calibration is an effective way to improve the geometric accuracy of hybrid machine tools.The necessity to measure both position and orientation at each pose,as well as the instability of identification in case of incomplete measurements,severely affects the application of traditional calibration methods.In this study,a kinematic calibration method with high measurement efficiency and robust identification is proposed to improve the kinematic accuracy of a five-axis hybrid machine tool.First,the configuration is introduced,and an error model is derived.Further,by investigating the mechanism error characteristics,a measurement scheme that only requires tool centre point position error measurement and one alignment operation is proposed.Subsequently,by analysing the effects of unmeasured degrees of freedom(DOFs)on other DOFs,an improved nonlinear least squares method based on virtual measurement values is proposed to achieve stable parameter identification in case of incomplete measurement,without introducing additional parameters.Finally,the proposed calibration method is verified through simulations and experiments.The proposed method can efficiently accomplish the kinematic calibration of the hybrid machine tool.The accuracy of the hybrid machine tool is significantly improved after calibration,satisfying actual aerospace machining requirements.展开更多
An image-reconstruction approach for optical tomography is presented,in which a two-layered BP neural network is used to distinguish the tumor location.The inverse problem is solved as optimization problem by Femlab s...An image-reconstruction approach for optical tomography is presented,in which a two-layered BP neural network is used to distinguish the tumor location.The inverse problem is solved as optimization problem by Femlab software and Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm.The concept of the average optical coefficient is proposed in this paper,which is helpful to understand the distribution of the scattering photon from tumor.The reconstructive¯µs by the trained network is reasonable for showing the changes of photon number transporting inside tumor tissue.It realized the fast reconstruction of tissue optical properties and provided optical OT with a new method.展开更多
Automatically and accurately detecting the self-blast state of glass insulators is of great significance to operation and maintenance of transmission lines.To solve the shortcomings of the existing open-loop cognitive...Automatically and accurately detecting the self-blast state of glass insulators is of great significance to operation and maintenance of transmission lines.To solve the shortcomings of the existing open-loop cognitive models to detect the self-blast state of glass insulators,this study explores a mixed data augmentation-based intelligent recognition method to detect the self-blast state of the glass insulator,by imitating the human cognitive mode.Firstly,generative adversarial network is utilised to obtain the highquality generative self-blast samples of the glass insulator,and the non-generative data augmentation techniques is used to obtain rich sample features.Secondly,considering the characteristics of aerial images such as large scale variations,variable shooting angles and complex backgrounds,feature maps with strong semantics and adaptive multi-scale fusion are extracted using the feature pyramid network with adaptive hierarchy and the multi-deformable convolutional network.Then,the extracted feature maps are transmitted to a two-dimensional stochastic configuration network that can adaptively generate hidden nodes and basis functions so as to develop the self-blast state classification criteria with universal approximation capability.Thirdly,based on the generalised error and entropy theory,the semantic error entropy evaluation indices of recognition results are defined to evaluate in real time,the credibility of the uncertain recognition results for the self-blast state of the glass insulator.Then,based on transfer learning and the established self-optimising feedback mechanism for feature pyramid network,the self-optimising adjustment and reconstruction of the feature map space with strong semantics and multi-scale fusion and its classification criteria are realised.Finally,the stacking method is applied to integrate the recognition results of the feature pyramid network with adaptive hierarchy and multi-channel deformable convolutional networks to improve the robustness of the recognition model.Results of experimental comparison with other machine learning and deep learning methods verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
Laser speckle contrast imaging(LSCI)is an optical imaging method,which can monitor microvascularflow variation directly without addition of any ectogenous dye.All the existing laser speckle contrast analysis(LASCA)met...Laser speckle contrast imaging(LSCI)is an optical imaging method,which can monitor microvascularflow variation directly without addition of any ectogenous dye.All the existing laser speckle contrast analysis(LASCA)methods are a combination of spatial and temporal statistics.In this study,we have proposed a new method,Gaussian kernel laser speckle contrast analysis(gLASCA),which processes the raw images primarily with the Gaussian kernel operator along the spatial direction of bloodflow.We explored the properties of gLASCA in the simulation and animal cerebral ischemia perfusion model.Compared with the other existing speckle processing methods based on spatial,temporal,spatial-temporal or anisotropic linear structure;the present gLASCA method has a high spatial-temporal resolution to respond the change of velocity especially in microvasculature.Besides,the gLASCA method obtains approximately 10.2%and 7.1%higher contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)over the anisotropic linear method(aLASCA)in the simulation and experiment models.For these advantages,gLASCA could be a better method for local microvascular laser speckle imaging in terms of cerebral ischemia reperfusion,spreading depression and brain injury diseases.展开更多
During neurosurgery,an optical probe has been used to guide the micro-electrode,which is punc-tured into the globus pallidus(GP)to create a lesion that can relieve the cardinal symptoms.Accurate target localization is...During neurosurgery,an optical probe has been used to guide the micro-electrode,which is punc-tured into the globus pallidus(GP)to create a lesion that can relieve the cardinal symptoms.Accurate target localization is the key factor to afect the treatment.However,considering the scattering nature of the tissue,the“look ahead distance(LAD)”of optical probe makes the boundary between the diferent tissues blurred and difficult to be distinguished,which is defined as artifact.Thus,it is highly desirable to reduce the artifact caused by LAD.In this paper,a real-time algorithm based on precise threshold was proposed to eliminate the artifact.The value of the threshold was determined by the maximum error of the measurement system during the calibration procession automatically.Then,the measured data was processed sequentially only based on the threshold and the former data.Moreover,100μm double-fiber probe and two-layer and multi-layer phantom models were utilized to validate the precision of the algorithm.The error of the algorithm is one puncture step,which was proved in the theory and experiment.It was concluded that the present method could reduce the artifact caused by LAD and make the real boundary sharper and less blurred in real-time.It might be potentially used for the neurosurgery navigation.展开更多
Because the brain edema has a crucial impact on morbidity and mortality,it is important to develop a noninvasive method to monitor the process of the brain edema effectively.When the brain edema occurs,the optical pro...Because the brain edema has a crucial impact on morbidity and mortality,it is important to develop a noninvasive method to monitor the process of the brain edema effectively.When the brain edema occurs,the optical properties of the brain will change.The goal of this study is to access the feasibility and reliability of using noninvasive near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)monitoring method to measure the brain edema.Specifically,three models,including the water content changes in the cerebrospinal fuid(CSF),gray matter and white matter,were explored.Moreover,these models were numerically simulated by the Monte Carlo studies.Then,the phantom experiments were performed to investigate the light intensity which was measured at different detecting radius on the tissue surface.The results indicated that the light intensity correlated well with the conditions of the brain edema and the detecting radius.Briefly,at the detect ing radius of 3.0 cm and 4.0 cm,the light intensity has a high response to the change of tissue parameters and optical properties.Thus,it is possible to monitor the brain edema noninvasively by NIRS method and the light intensity is a reliable and simple parameter to assess the brain edema.展开更多
Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)technology and Mie theory are utilized for fundamental research on radiofrequency ablation of biological tissue.Firstly,NIRS is utilized to monitor rats undergoing radiofrequency ablati...Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)technology and Mie theory are utilized for fundamental research on radiofrequency ablation of biological tissue.Firstly,NIRS is utilized to monitor rats undergoing radiofrequency ablation surgery in real time so as to explore the relationship between reduced scattering coefficient(μ_(s)')and the degree of thermally induced tissue coagulation.Then,Mie theory is utilized to analyze the morphological structure change of biological tissue so as to explore the basic mechanism of the change of optical parameters caused by thermally induced tissue coagulation.Results show that there is a close relationship between μ_(s)' and the degree of thermally induced tissue coagulation;the degree of thermal coagulation can be obtained by the value of μ_(s)';when biological tissue thermally coagulates,the average equivalent scattering particle decreases,the particle density increases,and the anisotropy factor decreases.展开更多
Accurate placement of pedicle screw(PS)is crucial in spinal surgery.Developing new real-time intra-operative monitoring and navigation methods is an important direction of clinical appli-cation research.In this paper,...Accurate placement of pedicle screw(PS)is crucial in spinal surgery.Developing new real-time intra-operative monitoring and navigation methods is an important direction of clinical appli-cation research.In this paper,we studied the spectrum along the fixation trajectory of PS in frequency domain to tackle the accuracy problem.Fresh porcine vertebrae,bovine vertebrae and ovine vertebrae were measured with the near-infrared spectrum(NIR)device to obtain the reflected spectrum from the vertebrae.Along the fixation trajectory of PS,average energy from different groups was calculated and used for identifying different tissues and compared to achieve the optimal recognition factor.Compared with the time domain approach,the frequency domain method could divide the spectra measured at different tissue points into different groups more stably and accurately,which could serve as a new method to assist the PS insertion.The results gained from this study are significant to the development of hi-tech medical instruments with independent intellectual property rights.展开更多
Real-time fault detection is important for operation of smart grid.It has become a trend of future development to design an anomaly detection system based on deep learning by using the powerful computing power of the ...Real-time fault detection is important for operation of smart grid.It has become a trend of future development to design an anomaly detection system based on deep learning by using the powerful computing power of the cloud.However,delay of Internet transmission is large,which may make the delay time of detection and transmission go beyond the limits.However,the edge-based scheme may not be able to undertake all data detection tasks due to limited computing resources of edge devices.Therefore,we propose a cloud-edge collaborative smart grid fault detection system,next to which edge devices are placed,and equipped with a lightweight neural network with different precision for fault detection.In addition,a sub-optimal and realtime communication and computing resource allocation method is proposed based on deep reinforcement learning.This method greatly speeds up solution time,which can meet the requirements of data transmission delay,maximize the system throughput,and improve communication efficiency.Simulation results show the scheme is superior in transmission delay and improves real-time performance of the smart grid detection system.展开更多
Map-based cloning of plant disease resistance (R) genes is time-consuming. Here, we reported the isolation of blast R gene Pid4 using comparative transcriptomic profiling and genome-wide sequence analysis. Pid4 encode...Map-based cloning of plant disease resistance (R) genes is time-consuming. Here, we reported the isolation of blast R gene Pid4 using comparative transcriptomic profiling and genome-wide sequence analysis. Pid4 encodes a coiled-coil nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat(CC-NBS-LRR) protein and is constitutively expressed at diverse developmental stages in the rice variety Digu. The Pid4 protein is localized in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Introduction of Pid4 into susceptible rice cultivars confers race-specific resistance to leaf and neck blast. Amino acid sequence comparison and blast resistance spectrum tests showed that Pid4 is a novel R gene, different from the previously reported R genes located in the same gene cluster. A Pid4 Indel marker was developed to facilitate the identification of Pid4 in different rice varieties. We demonstrated that a plant R gene can be quickly isolated using transcriptomic profiling coupled with genome-wide sequence analysis.展开更多
Green-revertible albino mutants are important sources for studying chloroplast structure, chloroplast development, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and plant photosynthesis. In the present study, we characterized a greenreve...Green-revertible albino mutants are important sources for studying chloroplast structure, chloroplast development, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and plant photosynthesis. In the present study, we characterized a greenrevertible albino mutant gra(k), which was obtained from the tissue-cultured rice Kitaake. The mutant gra(k) exhibited albino on its first three leaves. The leaf color started to turn green at the four-leaf stage. The chlorophyll contents were deeply reduced at the seedling stage, and the chloroplast development was delayed in gra(k). The greenrevertible albino(gra) phenotype of the mutant gra(k) was temperature dependent. The main agronomic traits,including plant height, tilling number per plant, seed setting rate, and thousand-grain weight, slightly decreased in gra(k) comparing to those in the wild-type Kitaake.Genetic analysis showed that the gra phenotype was controlled by a single recessive nucleic gene. By using 5,168 recessive F2individuals derived from the cross of gra(k) 9 Jodan, the locus of the gene Gra(k) was delimited in a DNA region of 200 kb between the makers B-31 and P11 on chromosome 5. Sequencing analysis indicated thatthe three functionally annotated genes, LOC_Os05g23700,LOC_Os05g23720, and LOC_Os05g23740, were all deleted in the 200 kb region in the mutant gra(k). Transgenic test revealed that the gra(k) plants over-expressing LOC_Os05g23740CDS were restored to normal green as the wild-type Kitaake. Our results proved that the deletion of the Dna K protein gene LOC_Os05g23740(encoding the chaperon protein Os Hsp70CP1) led to the gra phenotype in the mutant gra(k).展开更多
Organic–inorganic halide perovskites have been intensively investigated as potential photovoltaic materials due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties and their successful applications in perovskite solar cel...Organic–inorganic halide perovskites have been intensively investigated as potential photovoltaic materials due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties and their successful applications in perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,a large number of defect states still exist in the PSCs so far and are detrimental to their power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)and stability.Here,an effective strategy of incorporating single-crystalline graphene quantum dots(GQDs)into the perovskite films is proposed to passivate the defect states.Intriguingly,the GQD-modified perovskite films exhibit purer phase structure,higher quality of morphology,and higher electrical conductivity when compared with the control perovskite films.All of the advantages caused by the incorporation of the GQDs lead to fast carrier separation and transport,long carrier lifetime,and low nonradiative recombination in the PSCs based on the GQD-modified perovskite films.As a result,this kind of PSC displays an increase in all photovoltaic parameters,and its PCE shows an enhancement of more than 20%when compared with the control PSC.Moreover,this novel PSC is demonstrated to have long-term stability and resistibility against heat and moisture.Our findings provide an insight into how to passivate the defect states and enhance the electrical conductivities in the perovskites and pave the way for their further exploration to achieve higher photovoltaic performances.展开更多
The NLRP3 inflammasome plays an essential role in resistance to bacterial infection. The nervous system secretes multiple neuropeptides affecting the nervous system as well as immune cells. The precise impact of the n...The NLRP3 inflammasome plays an essential role in resistance to bacterial infection. The nervous system secretes multiple neuropeptides affecting the nervous system as well as immune cells. The precise impact of the neuropeptide CGRP on NLRP3 inflammasome activation is still unclear. Here, we show that CGRP negatively regulates the antibacterial process of host cells. CGRP prevents NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reduces mature IL-1β secretion. Following NLRP3 inflammasome stimulation that triggers endosome leakage, CGRP internalized to endosomal compartments is released into the cell cytosol. Cytosolic CGRP binds directly to NLRP3 and dismantles the NLRP3-NEK7 complex, which is crucial for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. CGRP administration exacerbates bacterial infection, while the treatment with a CGRP antagonist has the opposite effect. Our study uncovers a unique role of CGRP in inhibiting inflammasome activation during infections, which might shed new light on antibacterial therapies in the future.展开更多
Grain formation is fundamental for crop yield but is vulnerable to abiotic and biotic stresses.Rice grain production is threatened by the false smut fungus Ustilaginoidea virens,which specifically infects rice floral ...Grain formation is fundamental for crop yield but is vulnerable to abiotic and biotic stresses.Rice grain production is threatened by the false smut fungus Ustilaginoidea virens,which specifically infects rice floral organs,disrupting fertilization and seed formation.However,little is known about the molecular mechanisms of the U.virens-rice interaction and the genetic basis of floral resistance.Here,we report that U.virens secretes a cytoplasmic effector,UvCBP1,to facilitate infection of rice flowers.Mechanistically,UvCBP1 interacts with the rice scaffold protein OsRACK1A and competes its interaction with the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase OsRBOHB,leading to inhibition of reactive oxygen species(ROS)production.Although the analysis of natural variation revealed no OsRACK1A variants that could avoid being targeted by UvCBP1,expression levels of OsRACK1A are correlated with field resistance against U.virens in rice germplasm.Overproduction of OsRACK1A restores the OsRACK1A-OsRBOHB association and promotes OsRBOHB phosphorylation to enhance ROS production,conferring rice floral resistance to U.virens without yield penalty.Taken together,our findings reveal a new pathogenic mechanism mediated by an essential effector from a flower-specific pathogen and provide a valuable genetic resource for balancing disease resistance and crop yield.展开更多
This paper presents an 11-bit 200MS/s subrange S AR ADC with an integrated reference buffer in 65nm CMOS.The proposed ADC employs a 3.5-bit flash ADC for coarse conversion,and a compact timing scheme at the flash/SAR ...This paper presents an 11-bit 200MS/s subrange S AR ADC with an integrated reference buffer in 65nm CMOS.The proposed ADC employs a 3.5-bit flash ADC for coarse conversion,and a compact timing scheme at the flash/SAR boundary to speed up the conversion.The flash decision is used to control charge compensating for the reference voltage to reduce its input-dependent fluctuation.Measurement results show that the fabricated ADC has achieved significant improvement by applying the reference charge compensation.In addition,the ADC achieves a maximum signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio of 59.3dB at 200MS/s.It consumes 3.91mW from a 1.2V supply,including the reference buffer.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870319,31871666,and 31801403)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-13)+2 种基金National Program for Crop Germplasm Protection of China(2020NWB033)National Crop Germplasm Resources Center(NCGRC-2020-036)Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(Y2021CG05)。
文摘Peanut is a major oilseed and food legume.Shelling percentage(SP),closely associated with seed yield,is a trait whose improvement is a major goal of peanut breeding.In this study,a mapping population(Xuhua 13×Zhonghua 6)was used to map quantitative trait loci(QTL)controlling SP in four environments.Two stable major QTL for SP were mapped on both SSR-and SNP-based genetic maps.q SPA07.1 on chromosome A07 explained up to 31.7%of phenotypic variation,and q SPA08.2 on chromosome A08 explained up to 10.8%.Favorable alleles of q SPA07.1 and q SPA08.2 were derived from the female and male parents,respectively.Eight recombinant inbred lines(RILs)carrying both favorable alleles showed superiority in SP over the two parents in all environmental trials.A combination of the two favorable alleles using the linked markers was verified to increase SP by~5%in the RIL population and by~3%SP in diverse peanut cultivars.q SPA07.1 and q SPA08.2 were delimited to respectively a 0.73-Mb interval harboring 96 genes and a 3.93-Mb interval harboring 238 genes.Respectively five and eight genes with high expression in pods,including enzymes and transcription factors,were assigned as candidate genes for q SPA07.1 and q SPA08.2.These consistent major QTL provide an opportunity for fine mapping of genes controlling SP,and the linked markers may be useful for genetic improvement of SP in peanut.
基金This work was supported by National Major Scientific Instruments and Equipment Development Proiect Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81827803 and 381727804)National Natural Science Foundation of China(61875085 and 81601532)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Provi nce(BK20160814)Jiangsu Science and Technology Support Plan(Social Development)(BE2016759)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX20_0188).
文摘Near-infrared(NIR)light has been shown to produce a range of physiological effects in hunans,however,there is still no agreement on whether and how a single parameter,like the flicker frequency of NIR light,affects the brain.An 810 nm NIR LED was used as the stimulator.Fifty subjects participated in this experiment.Forty subjects were randomly divided into four groups.Each group underwent a 30-minute NIR LED radiation with four different frequencies(i.e.,0 Hz,5 Hz,10 Hz and 20 Hz,respectively)on the forehead.The remaining 10 subjects formed the control group,in which they underwent a 30-minute rest period without light radiation.EEG signals of all subjects during each test were recorded.Gravity frequency(GF),relative energy change,and sample entropy were analyzed.The experimental groups had larger GF values compared to the control group.Higher stimulation frequency would cause larger growth of GF(F=14.75,P<0.001).The amplitude of alpha waves relative energy increased,while theta waves decreased remarkably in the experimental groups(p<0.02),and the extent of increase/decrease was larger at higher stimulation frequency,compared to that of the control.Sample entropy of electrodes in the frontal areas were much larger than those in other brain areas in the experimental groups(p<0.001).Larger frequency of the NIR LED light would cause more distinct brain activities in the stimulated areas.It indicates that NIR LED light may have a positive effect on modulating brain activity.These results may help improve the design of photobiomodulation treatments in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52275442 and 51975319)。
文摘Geometric error is the main factor affecting the machining accuracy of hybrid machine tools.Kinematic calibration is an effective way to improve the geometric accuracy of hybrid machine tools.The necessity to measure both position and orientation at each pose,as well as the instability of identification in case of incomplete measurements,severely affects the application of traditional calibration methods.In this study,a kinematic calibration method with high measurement efficiency and robust identification is proposed to improve the kinematic accuracy of a five-axis hybrid machine tool.First,the configuration is introduced,and an error model is derived.Further,by investigating the mechanism error characteristics,a measurement scheme that only requires tool centre point position error measurement and one alignment operation is proposed.Subsequently,by analysing the effects of unmeasured degrees of freedom(DOFs)on other DOFs,an improved nonlinear least squares method based on virtual measurement values is proposed to achieve stable parameter identification in case of incomplete measurement,without introducing additional parameters.Finally,the proposed calibration method is verified through simulations and experiments.The proposed method can efficiently accomplish the kinematic calibration of the hybrid machine tool.The accuracy of the hybrid machine tool is significantly improved after calibration,satisfying actual aerospace machining requirements.
基金National Nature Sci-ence Foundation of China(Grant No.30671997).
文摘An image-reconstruction approach for optical tomography is presented,in which a two-layered BP neural network is used to distinguish the tumor location.The inverse problem is solved as optimization problem by Femlab software and Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm.The concept of the average optical coefficient is proposed in this paper,which is helpful to understand the distribution of the scattering photon from tumor.The reconstructive¯µs by the trained network is reasonable for showing the changes of photon number transporting inside tumor tissue.It realized the fast reconstruction of tissue optical properties and provided optical OT with a new method.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:62173120Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,Grant/Award Number:2108085UD11111 Project,Grant/Award Number:BP0719039。
文摘Automatically and accurately detecting the self-blast state of glass insulators is of great significance to operation and maintenance of transmission lines.To solve the shortcomings of the existing open-loop cognitive models to detect the self-blast state of glass insulators,this study explores a mixed data augmentation-based intelligent recognition method to detect the self-blast state of the glass insulator,by imitating the human cognitive mode.Firstly,generative adversarial network is utilised to obtain the highquality generative self-blast samples of the glass insulator,and the non-generative data augmentation techniques is used to obtain rich sample features.Secondly,considering the characteristics of aerial images such as large scale variations,variable shooting angles and complex backgrounds,feature maps with strong semantics and adaptive multi-scale fusion are extracted using the feature pyramid network with adaptive hierarchy and the multi-deformable convolutional network.Then,the extracted feature maps are transmitted to a two-dimensional stochastic configuration network that can adaptively generate hidden nodes and basis functions so as to develop the self-blast state classification criteria with universal approximation capability.Thirdly,based on the generalised error and entropy theory,the semantic error entropy evaluation indices of recognition results are defined to evaluate in real time,the credibility of the uncertain recognition results for the self-blast state of the glass insulator.Then,based on transfer learning and the established self-optimising feedback mechanism for feature pyramid network,the self-optimising adjustment and reconstruction of the feature map space with strong semantics and multi-scale fusion and its classification criteria are realised.Finally,the stacking method is applied to integrate the recognition results of the feature pyramid network with adaptive hierarchy and multi-channel deformable convolutional networks to improve the robustness of the recognition model.Results of experimental comparison with other machine learning and deep learning methods verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金This study was supported by National Major Scientific Instruments and Equipments Development Project Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81827803,81727804)National Natural Science Foundation of China(61875085,81601532)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20160814)Jiangsu Science and Technology Support Plan(Social Development)(BE2016759)Jiangsu Innovation Program for Graduate Education(KYLX16339).
文摘Laser speckle contrast imaging(LSCI)is an optical imaging method,which can monitor microvascularflow variation directly without addition of any ectogenous dye.All the existing laser speckle contrast analysis(LASCA)methods are a combination of spatial and temporal statistics.In this study,we have proposed a new method,Gaussian kernel laser speckle contrast analysis(gLASCA),which processes the raw images primarily with the Gaussian kernel operator along the spatial direction of bloodflow.We explored the properties of gLASCA in the simulation and animal cerebral ischemia perfusion model.Compared with the other existing speckle processing methods based on spatial,temporal,spatial-temporal or anisotropic linear structure;the present gLASCA method has a high spatial-temporal resolution to respond the change of velocity especially in microvasculature.Besides,the gLASCA method obtains approximately 10.2%and 7.1%higher contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)over the anisotropic linear method(aLASCA)in the simulation and experiment models.For these advantages,gLASCA could be a better method for local microvascular laser speckle imaging in terms of cerebral ischemia reperfusion,spreading depression and brain injury diseases.
基金“the Fundamental Research Funds.for the Central Universities”,No.NS2015032.
文摘During neurosurgery,an optical probe has been used to guide the micro-electrode,which is punc-tured into the globus pallidus(GP)to create a lesion that can relieve the cardinal symptoms.Accurate target localization is the key factor to afect the treatment.However,considering the scattering nature of the tissue,the“look ahead distance(LAD)”of optical probe makes the boundary between the diferent tissues blurred and difficult to be distinguished,which is defined as artifact.Thus,it is highly desirable to reduce the artifact caused by LAD.In this paper,a real-time algorithm based on precise threshold was proposed to eliminate the artifact.The value of the threshold was determined by the maximum error of the measurement system during the calibration procession automatically.Then,the measured data was processed sequentially only based on the threshold and the former data.Moreover,100μm double-fiber probe and two-layer and multi-layer phantom models were utilized to validate the precision of the algorithm.The error of the algorithm is one puncture step,which was proved in the theory and experiment.It was concluded that the present method could reduce the artifact caused by LAD and make the real boundary sharper and less blurred in real-time.It might be potentially used for the neurosurgery navigation.
基金the Foundation of Graduate Innovation Center in NUAA(Grant No.kfjj20150310)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61275199 and 61378092)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.NS2015032 and NS2015201).
文摘Because the brain edema has a crucial impact on morbidity and mortality,it is important to develop a noninvasive method to monitor the process of the brain edema effectively.When the brain edema occurs,the optical properties of the brain will change.The goal of this study is to access the feasibility and reliability of using noninvasive near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)monitoring method to measure the brain edema.Specifically,three models,including the water content changes in the cerebrospinal fuid(CSF),gray matter and white matter,were explored.Moreover,these models were numerically simulated by the Monte Carlo studies.Then,the phantom experiments were performed to investigate the light intensity which was measured at different detecting radius on the tissue surface.The results indicated that the light intensity correlated well with the conditions of the brain edema and the detecting radius.Briefly,at the detect ing radius of 3.0 cm and 4.0 cm,the light intensity has a high response to the change of tissue parameters and optical properties.Thus,it is possible to monitor the brain edema noninvasively by NIRS method and the light intensity is a reliable and simple parameter to assess the brain edema.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.30671997)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2008AA02Z438).
文摘Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)technology and Mie theory are utilized for fundamental research on radiofrequency ablation of biological tissue.Firstly,NIRS is utilized to monitor rats undergoing radiofrequency ablation surgery in real time so as to explore the relationship between reduced scattering coefficient(μ_(s)')and the degree of thermally induced tissue coagulation.Then,Mie theory is utilized to analyze the morphological structure change of biological tissue so as to explore the basic mechanism of the change of optical parameters caused by thermally induced tissue coagulation.Results show that there is a close relationship between μ_(s)' and the degree of thermally induced tissue coagulation;the degree of thermal coagulation can be obtained by the value of μ_(s)';when biological tissue thermally coagulates,the average equivalent scattering particle decreases,the particle density increases,and the anisotropy factor decreases.
基金This work was supported by the Nanjing Institute of Technology high level introduction of talents Research Fund(YKJ201862)the National Major Scientific Instruments and Equipment Development Project Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81827803 and 81727804)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61703201,61875085 and 81601532)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant Nos.BK20160814 and BK20170765).
文摘Accurate placement of pedicle screw(PS)is crucial in spinal surgery.Developing new real-time intra-operative monitoring and navigation methods is an important direction of clinical appli-cation research.In this paper,we studied the spectrum along the fixation trajectory of PS in frequency domain to tackle the accuracy problem.Fresh porcine vertebrae,bovine vertebrae and ovine vertebrae were measured with the near-infrared spectrum(NIR)device to obtain the reflected spectrum from the vertebrae.Along the fixation trajectory of PS,average energy from different groups was calculated and used for identifying different tissues and compared to achieve the optimal recognition factor.Compared with the time domain approach,the frequency domain method could divide the spectra measured at different tissue points into different groups more stably and accurately,which could serve as a new method to assist the PS insertion.The results gained from this study are significant to the development of hi-tech medical instruments with independent intellectual property rights.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52077049,52277087)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2108085UD07)the 111 Project(BP0719039).
文摘Real-time fault detection is important for operation of smart grid.It has become a trend of future development to design an anomaly detection system based on deep learning by using the powerful computing power of the cloud.However,delay of Internet transmission is large,which may make the delay time of detection and transmission go beyond the limits.However,the edge-based scheme may not be able to undertake all data detection tasks due to limited computing resources of edge devices.Therefore,we propose a cloud-edge collaborative smart grid fault detection system,next to which edge devices are placed,and equipped with a lightweight neural network with different precision for fault detection.In addition,a sub-optimal and realtime communication and computing resource allocation method is proposed based on deep reinforcement learning.This method greatly speeds up solution time,which can meet the requirements of data transmission delay,maximize the system throughput,and improve communication efficiency.Simulation results show the scheme is superior in transmission delay and improves real-time performance of the smart grid detection system.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0100600)the Transgenic Projects from the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (2014ZX0800903B)+12 种基金supported by the Transgenic Projects from the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (2016ZX08001002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31571994 and 31772153)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31772152)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31701779)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31601290)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University from the Ministry of Education in Chinathe “Hundred Talents Plan” Foundationthe Youth Foundation (13QNJJ0076)supported by NSF PGRP IOS 1237975NIH GM59962USDA NIFA 2017-6701326590the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice (Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center) (2017KF01)the project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M612984)
文摘Map-based cloning of plant disease resistance (R) genes is time-consuming. Here, we reported the isolation of blast R gene Pid4 using comparative transcriptomic profiling and genome-wide sequence analysis. Pid4 encodes a coiled-coil nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat(CC-NBS-LRR) protein and is constitutively expressed at diverse developmental stages in the rice variety Digu. The Pid4 protein is localized in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Introduction of Pid4 into susceptible rice cultivars confers race-specific resistance to leaf and neck blast. Amino acid sequence comparison and blast resistance spectrum tests showed that Pid4 is a novel R gene, different from the previously reported R genes located in the same gene cluster. A Pid4 Indel marker was developed to facilitate the identification of Pid4 in different rice varieties. We demonstrated that a plant R gene can be quickly isolated using transcriptomic profiling coupled with genome-wide sequence analysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(3117162231371705+5 种基金314013531501627)the‘‘Hundred Talents Plan’’Foundation of Sichuanand the Specialized Research Funds for Doctoral Program of Higher Education(2012510312001120135103120004)the Key Project of Sichuan Education Department(15ZA0020)
文摘Green-revertible albino mutants are important sources for studying chloroplast structure, chloroplast development, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and plant photosynthesis. In the present study, we characterized a greenrevertible albino mutant gra(k), which was obtained from the tissue-cultured rice Kitaake. The mutant gra(k) exhibited albino on its first three leaves. The leaf color started to turn green at the four-leaf stage. The chlorophyll contents were deeply reduced at the seedling stage, and the chloroplast development was delayed in gra(k). The greenrevertible albino(gra) phenotype of the mutant gra(k) was temperature dependent. The main agronomic traits,including plant height, tilling number per plant, seed setting rate, and thousand-grain weight, slightly decreased in gra(k) comparing to those in the wild-type Kitaake.Genetic analysis showed that the gra phenotype was controlled by a single recessive nucleic gene. By using 5,168 recessive F2individuals derived from the cross of gra(k) 9 Jodan, the locus of the gene Gra(k) was delimited in a DNA region of 200 kb between the makers B-31 and P11 on chromosome 5. Sequencing analysis indicated thatthe three functionally annotated genes, LOC_Os05g23700,LOC_Os05g23720, and LOC_Os05g23740, were all deleted in the 200 kb region in the mutant gra(k). Transgenic test revealed that the gra(k) plants over-expressing LOC_Os05g23740CDS were restored to normal green as the wild-type Kitaake. Our results proved that the deletion of the Dna K protein gene LOC_Os05g23740(encoding the chaperon protein Os Hsp70CP1) led to the gra phenotype in the mutant gra(k).
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52202178,21901154,and 52102219)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Nos.22ZR1426300 and 21ZR1404900)+1 种基金the Shanghai Sailing Program(No.19YF1417600)the Shanghai Pujiang Project(No.21PJ1400900).The authors declare no competing financial interest.
文摘Organic–inorganic halide perovskites have been intensively investigated as potential photovoltaic materials due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties and their successful applications in perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,a large number of defect states still exist in the PSCs so far and are detrimental to their power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)and stability.Here,an effective strategy of incorporating single-crystalline graphene quantum dots(GQDs)into the perovskite films is proposed to passivate the defect states.Intriguingly,the GQD-modified perovskite films exhibit purer phase structure,higher quality of morphology,and higher electrical conductivity when compared with the control perovskite films.All of the advantages caused by the incorporation of the GQDs lead to fast carrier separation and transport,long carrier lifetime,and low nonradiative recombination in the PSCs based on the GQD-modified perovskite films.As a result,this kind of PSC displays an increase in all photovoltaic parameters,and its PCE shows an enhancement of more than 20%when compared with the control PSC.Moreover,this novel PSC is demonstrated to have long-term stability and resistibility against heat and moisture.Our findings provide an insight into how to passivate the defect states and enhance the electrical conductivities in the perovskites and pave the way for their further exploration to achieve higher photovoltaic performances.
文摘The NLRP3 inflammasome plays an essential role in resistance to bacterial infection. The nervous system secretes multiple neuropeptides affecting the nervous system as well as immune cells. The precise impact of the neuropeptide CGRP on NLRP3 inflammasome activation is still unclear. Here, we show that CGRP negatively regulates the antibacterial process of host cells. CGRP prevents NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reduces mature IL-1β secretion. Following NLRP3 inflammasome stimulation that triggers endosome leakage, CGRP internalized to endosomal compartments is released into the cell cytosol. Cytosolic CGRP binds directly to NLRP3 and dismantles the NLRP3-NEK7 complex, which is crucial for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. CGRP administration exacerbates bacterial infection, while the treatment with a CGRP antagonist has the opposite effect. Our study uncovers a unique role of CGRP in inhibiting inflammasome activation during infections, which might shed new light on antibacterial therapies in the future.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(32072503 to J.F.,U19A2033 to W.-M.W.,and 32121003 to X.C.)Sichuan Youth Science and Technology Innovation Research Team(2022JDTD0023 to J.F.)Sichuan Applied Fundamental Research Foundation(2020JDJQ0040 to J.W.).
文摘Grain formation is fundamental for crop yield but is vulnerable to abiotic and biotic stresses.Rice grain production is threatened by the false smut fungus Ustilaginoidea virens,which specifically infects rice floral organs,disrupting fertilization and seed formation.However,little is known about the molecular mechanisms of the U.virens-rice interaction and the genetic basis of floral resistance.Here,we report that U.virens secretes a cytoplasmic effector,UvCBP1,to facilitate infection of rice flowers.Mechanistically,UvCBP1 interacts with the rice scaffold protein OsRACK1A and competes its interaction with the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase OsRBOHB,leading to inhibition of reactive oxygen species(ROS)production.Although the analysis of natural variation revealed no OsRACK1A variants that could avoid being targeted by UvCBP1,expression levels of OsRACK1A are correlated with field resistance against U.virens in rice germplasm.Overproduction of OsRACK1A restores the OsRACK1A-OsRBOHB association and promotes OsRBOHB phosphorylation to enhance ROS production,conferring rice floral resistance to U.virens without yield penalty.Taken together,our findings reveal a new pathogenic mechanism mediated by an essential effector from a flower-specific pathogen and provide a valuable genetic resource for balancing disease resistance and crop yield.
基金supported by the Zhongxing Telecommunication Equipment CorporationBeijing Microelectronics Technology Institute
文摘This paper presents an 11-bit 200MS/s subrange S AR ADC with an integrated reference buffer in 65nm CMOS.The proposed ADC employs a 3.5-bit flash ADC for coarse conversion,and a compact timing scheme at the flash/SAR boundary to speed up the conversion.The flash decision is used to control charge compensating for the reference voltage to reduce its input-dependent fluctuation.Measurement results show that the fabricated ADC has achieved significant improvement by applying the reference charge compensation.In addition,the ADC achieves a maximum signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio of 59.3dB at 200MS/s.It consumes 3.91mW from a 1.2V supply,including the reference buffer.