The change of customer behaviors and the fluctuation of spot prices can affect the benefits of electricity retailers.To address this issue,an incentive-based demand response(DR)model involving the utility and elastici...The change of customer behaviors and the fluctuation of spot prices can affect the benefits of electricity retailers.To address this issue,an incentive-based demand response(DR)model involving the utility and elasticity of customers is proposed for maximizing the benefits of retailers.The benefits will increase by triggering an incentive price to influence customer behaviors to change their demand consumptions.The optimal reduction of customers is obtained by their own profit optimization model with a certain incentive price.Then,the sensitivity of incentive price on retailers’benefits is analyzed and the optimal incentive price is obtained according to the DR model.The case study verifies the effectiveness of the proposed model.展开更多
Palladium diselenide(PdSe2),a stable layered material with pentagonal structure,has attracted extensive interest due to its excellent electrical and optoelectronic performance.Here,we report a reliable process to synt...Palladium diselenide(PdSe2),a stable layered material with pentagonal structure,has attracted extensive interest due to its excellent electrical and optoelectronic performance.Here,we report a reliable process to synthesize PdSe2 via chemical vapor deposition(CVD)method.Through systematic regulation of temperature in the growth process,we can tune the thickness,size,nucleation density and morphology of PdSe2 nanosheets.Field-effect transistors based on PdSe2 nanosheets exhibit n-type behavior and present a high electron mobility of 105 cm^2·V^−1·s^−1.The electrical property of the devices after 6 months keeping in the air show little change,implying outstanding air-stability of PdSe2.In addition,PdSe2 near-infrared photodetector shows a photoresponsivity of 660 A·W^−1 under 914 nm laser.These performances are better than those of most CVD-grown 2D materials,making ultrathin PdSe2 a highly qualified candidate material for next-generation optoelectronic applications.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51807127)in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China opment Program of China(No.2018YFB0905200).(No.YJ201654)in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFB0905200).
文摘The change of customer behaviors and the fluctuation of spot prices can affect the benefits of electricity retailers.To address this issue,an incentive-based demand response(DR)model involving the utility and elasticity of customers is proposed for maximizing the benefits of retailers.The benefits will increase by triggering an incentive price to influence customer behaviors to change their demand consumptions.The optimal reduction of customers is obtained by their own profit optimization model with a certain incentive price.Then,the sensitivity of incentive price on retailers’benefits is analyzed and the optimal incentive price is obtained according to the DR model.The case study verifies the effectiveness of the proposed model.
基金We acknowledge the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61804050,51991340,51991343,and 51872086)the Fundamental Research Funds of the Central Universities(Nos.531107051078 and 531107051055)+2 种基金the Double First-Class Initiative of Hunan University(No.531109100004)the Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials(No.2018TP1010)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Science,Grant(No.XDB30000000).
文摘Palladium diselenide(PdSe2),a stable layered material with pentagonal structure,has attracted extensive interest due to its excellent electrical and optoelectronic performance.Here,we report a reliable process to synthesize PdSe2 via chemical vapor deposition(CVD)method.Through systematic regulation of temperature in the growth process,we can tune the thickness,size,nucleation density and morphology of PdSe2 nanosheets.Field-effect transistors based on PdSe2 nanosheets exhibit n-type behavior and present a high electron mobility of 105 cm^2·V^−1·s^−1.The electrical property of the devices after 6 months keeping in the air show little change,implying outstanding air-stability of PdSe2.In addition,PdSe2 near-infrared photodetector shows a photoresponsivity of 660 A·W^−1 under 914 nm laser.These performances are better than those of most CVD-grown 2D materials,making ultrathin PdSe2 a highly qualified candidate material for next-generation optoelectronic applications.
