UCHL5 inhibits U251 glioma cell proliferation and tumor growth via stabilizing and deubiquitinating PTEN

Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor.Exploration of new tumorigenesis mechanism of glioma is critical to determine more effective treatment targets as well as to develop effective prognosis methods that can enhance the treatment efficacy.We previously demonstrated that the deubiquitinase biquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L5(UCHL5)was downregulated in human glioma.However,the effect and mechanism of UCHL5 on the proliferation of glioma cells remains unknown.Methods:Transfection of siRNA was used to knockdown the expression of UCHL5 in U251 cells.The 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay,Edu assay,and colony formation assay were employed to identify the effect of UCHL5 on the proliferation of U251 glioma cells.Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR were carried out to detect the interaction of UCHL5 and PTEN.The effect of UCHL5 on the growth of glioma in vivo was evaluated in nude mice.Then Immunohistochemistry(IHC)were performed to analysis the expression of UCHL5 and PTEN in human glioma tissues.Results:Here,we have reported that silencing of UCHL5 could promote the proliferation of U251 glioma cells through MTT assay,Edu assay,and colony formation assay.Mechanically,we revealed that UCHL5 stabilizes the phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN)expression by deubiquitination,thereby inhibiting cell proliferation in U251 cells.Tumor xenograft experiments further demonstrated that silencing the UCHL5 expression could accelerate U251 cell growth in vivo.Finally,in human glioma tissue microarray,the positive correlation between UCHL5 and PTEN expression was confirmed through IHC assay.Conclusion:UCHL5 restrains the proliferation of U251 glioma cells by stabilizing and deubiquitinating PTEN.Our findings provide ideas for developing enhanced targeted PTEN therapy for patients with glioma.

Puerarin protects brain tissue against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting the inflammatory response

Puerarin, a traditional Chinese medicine, exerts a powerful neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, but its mechanism is unknown. Here, we established rat models of middle cerebral artery ischemia/reperfusion injury using the suture method. Puerarin （100 mg/kg） was administered intraperitoneally 30 minutes before middle cerebral artery occlusion and 8 hours after reperfusion. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion, we found that puerarin significantly improved neurological deficit, reduced infarct size and brain water content, and notably diminished the expression of Toll-like receptor-4, myeloid differentiation factor 88, nuclear factor kappa B and tumor necrosis factor-α in the ischemic region. These data indicate that puerarin exerts an anti-inflammatory protective effect on brain tissue with ischemia/reperfusion damage by downregulating the expression of multiple inflammatory factors.

Preparation of activated carbon from cattail and its application for dyes removal

Activated carbon was prepared from cattail by H3PO4 activation. The effects influencing the surface area of the resulting activated carbon followed the sequence of activated temperature 〉 activated time 〉 impregnation ratio 〉 impregnation time. The optimum condition was found at an impregnation ratio of 2.5, an impregnation time of 9 hr, an activated temperature of 500℃, and an activated time of 80 min. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and average pore size of the activated carbon were 1279 m^2/g and 5.585 nm, respectively. A heterogeneous structure in terms of both size and shape was highly developed and widely distributed on the carbon surface. Some groups containing oxygen and phosphorus were formed, and the carboxyl group was the major oxygen-containing functional group. An isotherm equilibrium study was carried out to investigate the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon. The data fit the Langmuir isotherm equation, with maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of 192.30 mg/g for Neutral Red and 196.08 mg/g for Malachite Green. Dye-exhausted carbon could be regenerated effectively by thermal treatment. The results indicated that cattail-derived activated carbon was a promising adsorbent for the removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solutions.

无砟轨道防沙挡板减沙效果的数值模拟研究

沙漠铁路常因风沙运动而轨道积沙,严重影响行车效率和运营安全。为了缓解铁路轨道内部沙粒的堆积,许多学者基于流场调控的方法设计相关的防轨道积沙设施。基于欧拉双流体模型研究了在无砟轨道中间布设与铁轨等高、具有不同几何截面的防沙挡板对轨道间流场及沙尘沉积过程的影响。结果表明:在无砟轨道内侧布设高175 mm、倾角分别为30°、45°、60°的倾斜挡板及矩形截面挡板、等腰直角三角形挡板可使得轨道间沙粒体积分数比降低7.98%、5.52%、4.56%、7.89%、6.83%,说明轨道间布设防沙挡板可以有效抑制轨道间的积沙,挡板倾角为30°时防沙效果最好。加入防沙挡板后,轨道间水平风速曲线呈“M”型变化,且防沙挡板两侧的流速明显增加,这种改变将显著增加颗粒的运动距离,从而降低轨道间积沙。

Excitatory somatostatin interneurons in the dentate gyrus drive a widespread seizure network in cortical dysplasia

Seizures due to cortical dysplasia are notorious for their poor prognosis even with medications and surgery,likely due to the widespread seizure network.Previous studies have primarily focused on the disruption of dysplastic lesions,rather than remote regions such as the hippocampus.Here,we first quantified the epileptogenicity of the hippocampus in patients with late-stage cortical dysplasia.We further investigated the cellular substrates leading to the epileptic hippocampus,using multiscale tools including calcium imaging,optogenetics,immunohistochemistry and electrophysiology.For the first time,we revealed the role of hippocampal somatostatin-positive interneurons in cortical dysplasia-related seizures.Somatostatin-positive were recruited during cortical dysplasia-related seizures.Interestingly,optogenetic studies suggested that somatostatin-positive interneurons paradoxically facilitated seizure generalization.By contrast,parvalbumin-positive interneurons retained an inhibitory role as in controls.Electrophysiological recordings and immunohistochemical studies revealed glutamate-mediated excitatory transmission from somatostatin-positive interneurons in the dentate gyrus.Taken together,our study reveals a novel role of excitatory somatostatin-positive neurons in the seizure network and brings new insights into the cellular basis of cortical dysplasia.

Natural compounds modulate the autophagy with potential implication of stroke

Stroke is considered a leading cause of mortality and neurological disability,which puts a huge burden on individuals and the community.To date,effective therapy for stroke has been limited by its complex pathological mechanisms.Autophagy refers to an intracellular degrading process with the involvement of lysosomes.Autophagy plays a critical role in maintaining the homeostasis and survival of cells by eliminating damaged or non-essential cellular constituents.Increasing evidence support that autophagy protects neuronal cells from ischemic injury.However,under certain circumstances,autophagy activation induces cell death and aggravates ischemic brain injury.Diverse naturally derived compounds have been found to modulate autophagy and exert neuroprotection against stroke.In the present work,we have reviewed recent advances in naturally derived compounds that regulate autophagy and discussed their potential application in stroke treatment.

EXPONENTIAL STABILITY OF A REPARABLE MULTI-STATE DEVICE

一台多状态设备的指数的稳定性在这篇论文被讨论。我们在场 C 0-semigroup 由系统操作符产生了，这是伪协议；无法缩减。0 是系统操作员的一个简单特征值，这被知道。在有这的联合，我们获得时间依赖者答案指数地收敛到不变的答案，它是相应于简单特征值的积极 eigenfuction 0。

Inhalation of Roman chamomile essential oil attenuates depressive-like behaviors in Wistar Kyoto rats

The idea of aromatherapy, using essential oils, has been considered as an alternative antidepressant treatment. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Roman chamomile essential oil inhalation for two weeks on depressive-like behaviors in Wistar-Kyoto(WKY) rats. We found that inhalation of either Roman chamomile or one of its main components α-pinene,attenuated depressive-like behavior in WKY rats in the forced swim test. Using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation analysis(iTRAQ), we found that inhalation of α-pinene increased expression of proteins that are involved in oxidative phosphorylation, such as cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C-2, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, ATPase inhibitor in the hippocampus, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C-2, ATP synthase subunit e, Acyl carrier protein, and Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6 in the PFC(prefrontal cortex). In addition, using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction technique, we confirmed an increase of parvalbumin mRNA expression in the hippocampus, which was shown to be upregulated by 2.8-fold in iTRAQ analysis, in α-pinene treated WKY rats. These findings collectively suggest the involvement of mitochondrial functions and parvalbumin-related signaling in the antidepressant effect of α-pinene inhalation.

Strategies for training optical neural networks

Deep learning has flourished in different areas in recent years,such as computer vision and natural language processing.However,with the end of Moore’s law,these applications that rely heavily on computing power are facing bottlenecks.Optical neural networks(ONNs)[1]use light to perform calculations[2,3]featuring high speed and low energy consumption,and they are widely regarded as the next-generation applicationspecific integrated circuit(ASIC)[4,5]for artificial intelligence.