Novel function of biguanides in inhibition of phospholipase D1 expression via a translational mechanism in cancer cells

Phospholipase D(PLD)and its product phosphatidic acid(PA)function as pleiotropic factors in the regulation of cancer progression,which includes the promotion of cell growth,survival,cell migration,and angiogenesis.1 Chemical inhibition of the enzymatic activity of PLD1 and PLD2,or genetic down-regulation of their expression both induce tumor suppression,1 while the compounds for PLD expression inhibition are barely reported.Here,we astonishingly found that the anti-hyperglycemic agents biguanides decreased PLD1 protein expression in cancer cells and further investigated its underlying regulatory mechanism.

木本植物非均质化组织石蜡切片制作方法

在常规石蜡切片技术的基础上,针对木本植物茎段木质化程度高、硬度大以及各部分组织硬度不均匀等特点,选取核桃(Juglans regia)茎段以及芽接愈合区域组织为实验材料,对固定、软化和脱水等关键步骤进行改进,获得结构完整且染色清晰的茎段组织和嫁接愈合区域组织切片,可清晰地观察到各部分组织的形态特征和愈合过程中的发育特征,且缩短了制片周期。采用改良后的实验流程成功获得了苹果(Malus pumila)、桃(Amygdalus persica)、杏(Armeniaca vulgaris)、李(Prunus salicina)和杨(Populus tomentosa)的茎段横截面切片。该方法为从解剖学上研究林木茎段生长机制和形态发育变化提供技术基础,为非均质化植物材料的石蜡切片制作提供参考。