Brassinosteroid Biosynthetic Gene CmDWF4 Regulates Bud Outgrowth in Chrysanthemum morifolium

Brassinosteroids(BRs),a class of steroid phytohormones,play a critical role in plant growth and development.The DWF4 gene encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme(CYP90B1),which is considered a rate-limiting enzyme in BR biosynthesis.Here,we identified a homologous gene of DWF4 in chrysanthemum,CmDWF4.This gene was predicted to encode 491 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 56.2 kDa and an isoelectric point(pI)of 9.10.Overexpression of CmDWF4 in chrysanthemum was found to significantly increase growth rate,number,and length of lateral buds.Transcriptome analysis showed that multiple xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase(XTH)family encoding genes associated with cell wall modification were up-regulated in CmDWF4-overexpressing lines.qRT-PCR assay confirmed the up-regulation of CmXTH6,CmXTH23,and CmXTH28 in CmDWF4-overexpression line.Overall,this work establishes a mechanism by which BR biosynthetic gene CmDWF4 promotes lateral bud outgrowth in chrysanthemum,possibly through regulating cell elongation and expansion.

Numerical Simulation of Asphaltene Precipitation and Deposition during Natural Gas and CO_(2) Injection

Asphaltene deposition is a significant problem during gas injection processes,as it can block the porous medium,the wellbore,and the involved facilities,significantly impacting reservoir productivity and ultimate oil recovery.Only a few studies have investigated the numerical modeling of this potential effect in porous media.This study focuses on asphaltene deposition due to natural gas and CO_(2) injection.Predictions of the effect of gas injection on asphaltene deposition behavior have been made using a 3D numerical simulation model.The results indicate that the injection of natural gas exacerbates asphaltene deposition,leading to a significant reduction in permeability near the injection well and throughout the reservoir.This reduction in permeability strongly affects the ability of gas toflow through the reservoir,resulting in an improvement of the displacement front.The displacement effi-ciency of the injection gas process increases by up to 1.40%when gas is injected at 5500 psi,compared to the scenario where the asphaltene model is not considered.CO_(2) injection leads to a miscible process with crude oil,extracting light and intermediate components,which intensifies asphaltene precipitation and increases the viscosity of the remaining crude oil,ultimately reducing the recovery rate.

Atom-based power-frequency electric field measurement using the radio-frequency-modulated Rydberg spectroscopy

The radio-frequency modulated electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) in a ladder three-level system with Rydberg state is studied. Under the influence of a fast radio-frequency field, the EIT peak splits into a series of sidebands.When attaching a power-frequency electric field directly to the fast radio-frequency field, the odd-order sidebands of the Rydberg-EIT oscillate sensitively with the power-frequency field. The oscillation frequency is equal to twice the power frequency;the oscillation amplitude is monotonically increasing with the amplitude of the power-frequency field when the change of Stark-shift is smaller than the radio frequency. Our work paves the way for measurement of power-frequency electric field based on Rydberg atoms.

Intratumoral Bacteria Dysbiosis Is Associated with Human Papillary Thyroid Cancer and Correlated with Oncogenic Signaling Pathways

Emerging evidence suggests that microbial dysbiosis plays vital roles in many human cancers.However,knowledge of whether the microbial community in thyroid tumor is related to tumorigenesis remains elusive.In this study,we aimed to explore the microbial community in thyroid tissues and its contribution to papillary thyroid cancer(PTC).In parallel,we performed microbial profiling and transcriptome sequencing in the tumor and adjacent normal tissues of a large cohort of 340 PTC and benign thyroid nodule(BTN)patients.Distinct microbial signatures were identified in PTC,BTN,and their adjacent nontumor tissues.Intra-thyroid tissue bacteria were verified by means of bacteria staining,fluorescence in situ hybridization,and immunoelectron microscopy.We found that 17 bacterial taxa were differentially abundant in PTC compared with BTN,which included enrichment in PTC of the pathobionts Rhodococcus,Neisseria,Streptococcus,Halomonas,and Devosia,and depletion of the beneficial bacteria Amycolatopsis.These differentially abundant bacteria could differentiate PTC tumor tissues(PTC-T)from BTN tissues(BTN-T)with an area under the curve(AUC)of 81.66%.Microbial network analysis showed increased correlation strengths among the bacterial taxa in PTC-T in comparison with BTN-T.Immunefunction-corresponding bacteria(i.e.,Erwinia,Bacillus,and Acinetobacter)were found to be enriched in PTC with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.Moreover,our integrative analysis revealed that the PTC-enriched bacteria had a positive association with key PTC-oncogenic pathway-related genes,including BRAF,KRAS,IRAK4,CTNNB1,PIK3CA,MAP3K7,and EGFR.In conclusion,our results suggest that intratumor bacteria dysbiosis is associated with the thyroid tumorigenesis and oncogenic signaling pathways of PTC.

Nonadiabatic geometric phase in a doubly driven two-level system

We study theoretically the nonadiabatic geometric phase of a doubly driven two-level system with an additional relative phase between the two driving modes introduced in. It is shown that the time evolution of the system strongly depends on this relative phase. The condition for the system returning to its initial state after a single period is given by the means of the Landau–Zener–Stückelberg–Majorana destructive interference. The nonadiabatic geometric phase accompanying a cyclic evolution is shown to be related to the Stokes phase as well as this relative phase. By controlling the relative phase, the geometric phase can characterize two distinct phases in the adiabatic limit.

A novel strategy for the construction of silk fibroin–SiO_(2)composite aerogel with enhanced mechanical property and thermal insulation performance

The practical application of silica aerogels is an enormous challenge due to the difficulties in improving both mechanical property and thermal insulation performance.In this work,silk fibroin was used as scaffold to improve the mechanical property and thermal insulation performance of silica aerogels.The ungelled SiO_(2)precursor solution was impregnated into silk fibroin to prepare silk fibroin-SiO_(2)composite aerogels via sol−gel method followed by freeze-drying.By virtue of the interfacial hydrogen-bonding interactions and chemical reactions between silk fibroin and silica nanoparticles,SiO_(2)was well-dispersed in the silk fibroin aerogel and composite aerogels exhibited enhanced mechanical property.By increasing the loading of silk fibroin from 15 wt%to 21 wt%,the maximum compressive stress was enhanced from 0.266 to 0.508 MPa when the strain reached 50%.The thermal insulation performance of the composite aerogels was improved compared with pure silica aerogel,as evidenced that the thermal conductivity was decreased from 0.0668 to 0.0341 W∙m‒1∙K‒1.Moreover,the composite aerogels exhibited better hydrophobicity and fire retardancy compared to pure silica aerogel.Our work provides a novel approach to preparing silk fibroin-SiO_(2)composite aerogels with enhanced mechanical property and thermal insulation performance,which has potential application as thermal insulation material.

放射治疗对初诊转移性头颈鳞癌预后的影响

目的基于美国SEER数据库的资料,评估放疗对初诊转移性头颈鳞癌(HNSCC)患者预后的影响。方法利用SEER数据库筛选2010—2015年初诊为转移性HNSCC的患者1226例,包括放疗组762例(62.1%),未放疗组464例(37.9%)。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算癌症特异性生存(CSS)和总生存(OS),在全组患者中通过Cox多因素回归和倾向配比评分(PSM)评估放疗对预后的影响。依据多因素分析结果将患者分为低、中和高风险组,并在不同风险组中分析放疗对生存的影响。结果全组患者中位CSS和OS时间分别为11.0个月和10.0个月;放疗组和未放疗组的中位CSS时间分别为13.0个月和6.0个月,中位OS时间分别为12.0个月和6.0个月。多因素分析显示年龄、原发灶部位、T分期、N分期、转移脏器个数、手术、放疗和化疗是独立的预后影响因素(CSS:P值为0.045、0.021、0.001、0.002、<0.001、<0.001、<0.001、<0.001;OS:P值为0.002、<0.001、0.002、<0.001、<0.001、<0.001、<0.001、<0.001)。PSM配对后,在低、中、高风险组中,放疗和未放疗患者3年CSS分别为:62.5%∶23.5%、22.4%∶15.7%和10.5%∶9.6%(P=0.008、0.001、0.203);3年OS分别为:58.0%∶20.8%、19.8%∶12.7%和7.0%∶6.1%(P=0.002、0.001、0.166)。结论放疗显著提高低风险和中风险组患者的CSS和OS,但高风险组患者不能从放疗中生存获益。

HIV Prevention and Health Poverty Alleviation-Liangshan Prefecture,Sichuan Province,China,2017-2020

BACKGROUND Liangshan,officially the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture,is an autonomous prefecture occupying much of the southern portion of Sichuan Province.It has been a remote and deeply impoverished area and also has the largest population of ethnic Yi people in China(1).For many years,due to geographical environment conditions,traffic conditions,and other historic restrictions,the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)epidemic in Liangshan Prefecture has become the focus of HIV prevention and control in China since the first acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)case was reported in this area in 1995(2-3).