Pancreatic cancer:A review of epidemiology,trend,and risk factors

Despite rapid advances in modern medical technology and significant improvements in survival rates of many cancers,pancreatic cancer is still a highly lethal gastrointestinal cancer with a low 5-year survival rate and difficulty in early detection.At present,the incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer are increasing year by year worldwide,no matter in the United States,Europe,Japan,or China.Globally,the incidence of pancreatic cancer is projected to increase to 18.6 per 100000 in 2050,with the average annual growth of 1.1%,meaning that pancreatic cancer will pose a significant public health burden.Due to the special anatomical location of the pancreas,the development of pancreatic cancer is usually diagnosed at a late stage with obvious clinical symptoms.Therefore,a comprehensive understanding of the risk factors for pancreatic cancer is of great clinical significance for effective prevention of pancreatic cancer.In this paper,the epidemiological characteristics,developmental trends,and risk factors of pancreatic cancer are reviewed and analyzed in detail.

High expression of APC is an unfavorable prognostic biomarker in T4 gastric cancer patients

BACKGROUND Adenoma polyposis coli(APC)mutation is associated with tumorigenesis via the Wnt signaling pathway.AIM To investigate the clinical features and mechanism of APC expression in gastric cancer(GC).METHODS Based on APC expression profile,the related genome-wide mRNA expression,microRNA(miRNA)expression,and methylation profile in GC,the relationship between APC and GC,as well as the prognostic significance of APC were systematically analyzed by multi-dimensional methods.RESULTS We found that high expression of APC(APC^high)was significantly associated with adverse outcomes of T4 GC patients.Genome-wide gene expression analysis revealed that varying APC expression levels in GC were associated with some important oncogenes,and corresponding cellular functional pathways.Genomewide miRNA expression analysis indicated that most of miRNAs associated with high APC expression were downregulated.The mRNA-miRNA regulatory network analysis revealed that down-regulated miRNAs affected their inhibitory effect on tumor genes.Genome-wide methylation profiles associated with APC expression showed that there was differential methylation between the APC^high and APC^low groups.The number of hypermethylation sites was larger than that of hypomethylation sites,and most of hypermethylation sites were enriched in CpG islands.CONCLUSION Our research demonstrated that high APC expression is an unfavorable prognostic factor for T4 GC patients and may be used as a novel biomarker for pathogenesis research,diagnosis,and treatment of GC.

运用高通量测序研究Alport综合征多能干细胞的microRNA及其靶基因(英文)

目的:寻找来源于Alport综合征患者与正常对照者的多能干细胞差异性表达的microR NA,并对差异性表达的microR NA靶基因进行预测。创新点:本研究不同于一般的试验标本,试验标本是来源于尿肾脏管细胞诱导而成的多能干细胞。基于Alport综合征是遗传疾病,我们对一遗传家系进行了系统的分析。寻找特异性的差异性表达microR NA及其靶基因,从基因水平对Alport综合征进行研究。方法:在前期工作中,成功地从实验者与对照者的尿肾脏管细胞诱导成多能干细胞。运用高通量测序技术分析并发现实验者与对照者之间差异性表达的microR NA。对差异性表达的microR NA靶基因进行预测,并进行靶基因聚集分析,研究靶基因主要参与的生物学过程。同时进行靶基因信号传导通路的分析,研究靶基因主要参与的细胞信号传导通路。结论:在实验组与对照组之间,发现了30个具有显著差异性表达的microR NAs,包括19个上调表达与11个下调表达。差异性表达的microR NA的靶基因主要聚集在细胞膜和细胞代谢过程;靶基因主要参与嘌呤代谢通路与丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)通路。