Uropathogenic Escherichia coli is the common pathogen to cause urinary tract infections (UTIs) and have become multidrug-resistant (MDR) extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers. The differences in the antimicr...Uropathogenic Escherichia coli is the common pathogen to cause urinary tract infections (UTIs) and have become multidrug-resistant (MDR) extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers. The differences in the antimicrobial susceptibility, 5 bla genes, 12 virulence genes of 87 clinical ESBL-producing E. coli isolates and genomic variations and sequence types of 18 recurrent and repeated isolates from 9 patients were investigated. The 87 MDR-ESBL isolates collected mainly from indwelling urinary catheters (IUCs) and UTIs were highly resistant to fluoroquinolones, with over 50% of the isolates being resistant to cefepime and piperacillin/tazobactam and a few being resistant to carbapenem. These isolates carried at least two of the five bla genes examined, with the highest prevalence (87.4%) found for bla<sub>CTX-M</sub> (bla<sub>CTX-M3-like</sub> and bla<sub>CTX-M14-like</sub>), followed by bla<sub>CMY-2</sub> (80.5%) and bla<sub>SHV</sub> (56.3%). The predominant virulence genes were the fimbriae gene fimH and the toxin genes cnf1 and hlyA in blood isolates and the capsule gene kpsMTII in UTI and blood isolates. Over 80% of the isolates carried yersiniabactin and aerobactin of siderophores. In 18 isolates, the fluoroquinolone-resistant ST131 isolate of pulsotypes I and II with bla<sub>CTX-M-15</sub> was clonally disseminated in the hospital. The genomic plasticity of these ST131 occurred mainly through the conjugative plasmids with differences in replicon types A/C, I1, FIA, FIB and Y, size and number. In conclusion, MDR ESBL-producing E. coli isolates differed in virulence genes of UPEC and antibiotic resistance associated with the sources. Plasmid acquisition and chromosomal variations increase the spread of fluoroquinolone-resistant UPEC ST131 worldwide.展开更多
Image registration is wildly used in the biomedical image, but there are too many textures and noises in the biomedical image to get a precise image registration. In order to get the excellent registration performance...Image registration is wildly used in the biomedical image, but there are too many textures and noises in the biomedical image to get a precise image registration. In order to get the excellent registration performance, it needs more complex image processing, and it will spend expensive computation cost. For the real time issue, this paper proposes edge gradient direction image registration applied to Computer Tomography(CT) image and Ultrasonography (US) image based on the cooperation of Graphic Processor Unit (GPU) and Central Processor Unit (CPU). GPU can significantly reduce the computation time. First, the CT image slice is extracted from the CT volume by the region growing and the interpolation algorithm. Secondly, the image pre-processing is employed to reduce the image noises and enhance the image features. There are two kinds of the image pre-processing algorithms invoked in this paper: 1) median filtering and 2) anisotropic diffusion. Last but not least, the image edge gradient information is obtained by Canny operator, and the similarity measurement based on gradient direction is employed to evaluate the similarity between the CT and the US images. The experimental results show that the proposed architecture can distinctively improve the efficiency and are more suitably applied to the real world.展开更多
文摘Uropathogenic Escherichia coli is the common pathogen to cause urinary tract infections (UTIs) and have become multidrug-resistant (MDR) extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers. The differences in the antimicrobial susceptibility, 5 bla genes, 12 virulence genes of 87 clinical ESBL-producing E. coli isolates and genomic variations and sequence types of 18 recurrent and repeated isolates from 9 patients were investigated. The 87 MDR-ESBL isolates collected mainly from indwelling urinary catheters (IUCs) and UTIs were highly resistant to fluoroquinolones, with over 50% of the isolates being resistant to cefepime and piperacillin/tazobactam and a few being resistant to carbapenem. These isolates carried at least two of the five bla genes examined, with the highest prevalence (87.4%) found for bla<sub>CTX-M</sub> (bla<sub>CTX-M3-like</sub> and bla<sub>CTX-M14-like</sub>), followed by bla<sub>CMY-2</sub> (80.5%) and bla<sub>SHV</sub> (56.3%). The predominant virulence genes were the fimbriae gene fimH and the toxin genes cnf1 and hlyA in blood isolates and the capsule gene kpsMTII in UTI and blood isolates. Over 80% of the isolates carried yersiniabactin and aerobactin of siderophores. In 18 isolates, the fluoroquinolone-resistant ST131 isolate of pulsotypes I and II with bla<sub>CTX-M-15</sub> was clonally disseminated in the hospital. The genomic plasticity of these ST131 occurred mainly through the conjugative plasmids with differences in replicon types A/C, I1, FIA, FIB and Y, size and number. In conclusion, MDR ESBL-producing E. coli isolates differed in virulence genes of UPEC and antibiotic resistance associated with the sources. Plasmid acquisition and chromosomal variations increase the spread of fluoroquinolone-resistant UPEC ST131 worldwide.
文摘Image registration is wildly used in the biomedical image, but there are too many textures and noises in the biomedical image to get a precise image registration. In order to get the excellent registration performance, it needs more complex image processing, and it will spend expensive computation cost. For the real time issue, this paper proposes edge gradient direction image registration applied to Computer Tomography(CT) image and Ultrasonography (US) image based on the cooperation of Graphic Processor Unit (GPU) and Central Processor Unit (CPU). GPU can significantly reduce the computation time. First, the CT image slice is extracted from the CT volume by the region growing and the interpolation algorithm. Secondly, the image pre-processing is employed to reduce the image noises and enhance the image features. There are two kinds of the image pre-processing algorithms invoked in this paper: 1) median filtering and 2) anisotropic diffusion. Last but not least, the image edge gradient information is obtained by Canny operator, and the similarity measurement based on gradient direction is employed to evaluate the similarity between the CT and the US images. The experimental results show that the proposed architecture can distinctively improve the efficiency and are more suitably applied to the real world.
