Global trends and knowledge-relationship of symptom clusters in cancer research:a bibliometric analysis over the past 20 years

Objective:To use Cite Space and VOSviewer to investigate the scientific production in the field of symptom clusters in cancer research.Methods:The search was performed using the terms“symptom clusters,”“cancer,”and“oncology”on the Web of Science Core Collection database.The retrieval time was from 2001 to 2021,which covers the last 2 decades.Based on the production theory of scientific knowledge and the data mining of citations,data pertaining to the annual publications,journals,countries,organizations,authors,and keywords that produce symptom clusters in cancer research,as well as their cooperation(collaboration network),were extracted,and then both were clarified by the software tools VOSviewer(version 1.6.16)and Cite Space(version 6.1.R2).Results:A total of 1796 publications were retrieved between 2001 and 2021,and 473 relevant publications were included after screening.The results showed an increasing trend in published articles.The United States had the largest number of publications(261/473,55.18%),followed by China and Canada.The University of California,San Francisco,was the most productive institution.Current research hotspots included the analysis of symptom clusters and symptom management in patients with breast cancer and lung cancer,as well as any advanced cancer and cancer cachexia;fatigue-related symptom clusters and depression-anxiety symptom cluster;and the impacts of symptom clusters on quality of life.The research frontiers included analysis between health-related quality of life and symptom clusters,data mining in symptom clusters,research on the mental health status of cancer patients,and study of the mechanism and biological pathways of symptom clusters.Conclusions:The study provides insight into the global research perspective for the scientific progress on cancer symptom clusters,which suggests a growing scientific interest in this field,and more studies are warranted to guide symptom management.

Quality of life in head and neck cancer survivors： A concept analysis

目的：确定头颈部肿瘤生存者生活质量的定义,指导护理人员提升护理方法,最终提高头颈部肿瘤生存者的生活质量.方法：采用Walker和Avant的概念分析框架进行分析.结果：生活质量是指通过感知以个人价值为导向的总体生活满意度、整体幸福程度和独立管理日常活动和生活体验的一种整体幸福感知的主观认知评价.生活质量的三个定义性特征包括“个人价值为导向的总体生活满意度”,“整体幸福感”和“独立”.生活质量的提高意味着患者临床结局的改善.然而,目前用于测量生活质量的工具较多,使得医护人员很难选择适合头颈部肿瘤生存者生活质量的标准测量工具.结论：通过对这一概念的全面定义和分析,有助于提高医护人员对于头颈部肿瘤患者生存质量方面的知识.通过对这一现象的正确理解,医护人员将更准确地识别或测量头颈部肿瘤患者的生活状况,并在必要时实施干预,最终改善患者在肿瘤生存期间的生活质量.

Preparation of Colon‐specific and Synchronous Release Pellet Containing Total Alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides

Objective To deliver multiple component drugs to colon site and sustain a synchronous release for better therapeutic effect. For achieving this purpose, colon specific pellet containing total alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides （TASA） was prepared. Methods The pellet was prepared by extrasion-spheronizing and subsequently coated with three layers of two polymers. Results The pellet core consisted of 40% TASA, 1：2 in ratio of Bletilla striata polysaccharide （BSP）, an enzyme-degradable material, to microcrystalline cellu{ose （MCC）, filler, and 1% CMC-Na solution as binder by optimization. Concerning of the three coated layers, the outer layer was coated with Eudragit RS30D for controlling drug release in colon, the intermediate layer and the inner layer were coated with same polymer, Eudragit $100, for preventing drug release in upper gastrointestinal tract, which required 23.2%, 21.7%, and 9.3% weigh gain, respectively. The coated pellets released 1.20% of sophoridine and 1.98% of matrine in media mimicking the stomach condition for 2 h, and 23.88% of sophoridine and 22.91% of matrine in media mimicking the intestine for 3 h and finally 90.25% of sophoridine and 89.94% of matrine in colonic conditions within 24 h, And the similarity factor f2 of sophoridine and matrine of release curve for investigated formulation was internal in （50-100） and 〉 80, demonstrating that sophoridine and matrine in formulation achieved a synchronous release. Conclusion The coated pellets achieve a certain colon-specific release and synchronous release.

Methionine as a methyl donor regulates caste differentiation in the European honey bee(Apis mellifera)

Nutrition contributes to honey bee caste differentiation,but the role of individual nutrients is still unclear.Most essential amino acid contents,except that of methionine(Met),are greater in royal jelly than worker jelly.After〜3.5 i the Met content in the latter was slightly greater than in the former.Met is the major raw material used in the synthesis of S-adenosyl-L-methionine,an active methyl donor for DNA methylation,which is an epigenetic driver of caste differentiation.Here,we tested whether Met regulates caste differentiation in honey bees by determining its effects on the caste development of bees receiving four diets:the basic,basic+0.2%Met,basic+0.2%Met+20 mg/kg 5-azacytidine,and basic+20 mg/kg 5-azacytidine.The presence of Met decreased the adult bee body length and the numbers of ovarioles,indicating that Met may direct the development of female larvae toward worker bees.The upregulated expression of SAMS,Dnmtl,and Dnmt3 caused by Met exposure in 4-d-old larvae indicated that the worker-inductive effects of Met may occur through the promotion of DNA methylation.We investigated the co-effects of Met and glucose on bee development,and found that the effects of an increased glucose level on the number of ovarioles and body length did not strengthen the worker-inductive effects caused by Met.Our results contribute to caste development theory and suggest that Met-as a methyl donor一plays a regulatory,but not decisive,role in caste differentiation.