This study analyzes acoustic emission （AE） signals during the intergranular corrosion （IGC） process of 316L stainless steel welded joints under different welding currents in boiling nitric acid. IGC generates seve...This study analyzes acoustic emission （AE） signals during the intergranular corrosion （IGC） process of 316L stainless steel welded joints under different welding currents in boiling nitric acid. IGC generates several AE signals with high AE activity. The AE technique could hardly distinguish IGC in stainless steel welded joints with different welding heat inputs. However, AE signals can effectively distinguish IGC characteristics in different corrosion stages. The IGC resistance of a heat-affected zone is lower than that of a weld zone. The initiation and rapid corrosion stages can be distinguished using AE results and microstructural analysis. Moreover, energy count rate and amplitude are considered to be ideal parameters for characterizing different IGC processes. Two types of signals are detected in the rapid corrosion stage. It can be concluded that grain boundary corrosion and grain separation are the AE sources of type 1 and type 2, respectively.展开更多
To the Editor： Percutaneous nephrolithotomy （PCNL） is first-line therapy for ＂staghorn＂ stones. A multi-access approach is the mainstay of treatment in many cases because the stone burden is high. Finding feasibl...To the Editor： Percutaneous nephrolithotomy （PCNL） is first-line therapy for ＂staghorn＂ stones. A multi-access approach is the mainstay of treatment in many cases because the stone burden is high. Finding feasible parameters to predict the outcome of treatment for staghorn stones is important. The factors that can affect PCNL are controversial. Several parameters, such as the infundibular-pelvic angle （IPA）, upper-lower calyx angle （ULCA）, infundibular length （IL）, and infundibular width （IW） were important to affect the result of the operation. Whether the objective parameters in computed tomography （CT） can predict success through a particular approach has not been evaluated. This study investigated if the anatomy of the collecting system could improve the outcome in selected patients according to pretreatment images.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2015CB057602)the Major Scientific and Technological Special Project of China (No. 2011ZX06004-009)
文摘This study analyzes acoustic emission （AE） signals during the intergranular corrosion （IGC） process of 316L stainless steel welded joints under different welding currents in boiling nitric acid. IGC generates several AE signals with high AE activity. The AE technique could hardly distinguish IGC in stainless steel welded joints with different welding heat inputs. However, AE signals can effectively distinguish IGC characteristics in different corrosion stages. The IGC resistance of a heat-affected zone is lower than that of a weld zone. The initiation and rapid corrosion stages can be distinguished using AE results and microstructural analysis. Moreover, energy count rate and amplitude are considered to be ideal parameters for characterizing different IGC processes. Two types of signals are detected in the rapid corrosion stage. It can be concluded that grain boundary corrosion and grain separation are the AE sources of type 1 and type 2, respectively.
文摘To the Editor： Percutaneous nephrolithotomy （PCNL） is first-line therapy for ＂staghorn＂ stones. A multi-access approach is the mainstay of treatment in many cases because the stone burden is high. Finding feasible parameters to predict the outcome of treatment for staghorn stones is important. The factors that can affect PCNL are controversial. Several parameters, such as the infundibular-pelvic angle （IPA）, upper-lower calyx angle （ULCA）, infundibular length （IL）, and infundibular width （IW） were important to affect the result of the operation. Whether the objective parameters in computed tomography （CT） can predict success through a particular approach has not been evaluated. This study investigated if the anatomy of the collecting system could improve the outcome in selected patients according to pretreatment images.
