Angiogenesis function of astragaloside Ⅳ in rats with myocardial infarction via PKD1-HDAC5-VEGF pathway

OBJECTⅣE This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of Astragaloside Ⅳ(AS-Ⅳ) in rats with myocardial infarction.METHODS The myocardial infarction model was established by ligation of the left anterior descending artery.The rats were randomly divided into sham,DMSO,model group,AS-Ⅳ and CID755673 groups.The rats were sacrificed 4 weeks later,and segmental heart samples were used for hematoxylin and eosin staining and masson staining.The expression of PKD1,HDAC5 and VEGF were analyzed using immunohistochemistry,reverse transcription poly.merase chain reaction and western blot.RESULTS Compared with the sham operation and DMSO groups,morphology of myocardium in model group was disordered,accompanied with necrotic myocar.dial cells and obvious collagen tissues.After treatment with AS-Ⅳ,the morphology of myocardium was obviously improved,and the number of new blood vessels increased significantly.However,after treatment with CID755673,the myocardial tissue of rats became disordered again,the necrotic cells increased,and some vessels closed.The expression levels of PKD1,HDAC5 and VEGF mRNA and protein in myocardial tissue of model group were significantly lower than the other four groups(P<0.05),whereas these levels in the AS-Ⅳ group were significantly higher than those in the other four groups(P<0.01).Additionally,the CID755673 group had significantly higher levels of PKD1,HDAC5 and VEGF mRNA and protein than the sham group,DMSO group and model group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION AS-Ⅳ may partly promote the angiogenesis of myocardial tissue in rats with myocardial infarction via the PKD1-HDAC5-VEGF pathway.

Dog vaccination with EgM proteins against Echinococcus granulosus

Background:Dogs play a pivotal role in the transmission of cystic echinococcosis(CE),a zoonosis caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus.We showed previously that dogs vaccinated with two E.granulosus adult-worm specific proteins,EgM9 and EgM123,emulsified with Freund’s adjuvants induced significant protective efficacy in terms of reduction in worm burden and egg production after 45 days post-infection.It was not known whether this protection can be sustained using adjuvants suitable for use in dogs.Methods:Recombinant EgM9 and EgM123 were mixed with Quil A or ISCOMs for vaccinating dogs.After three vaccine injections,all the dogs were orally challenge-infected with 200000 protoscoleces of E.granulosus.After 45 days of infection,all the dogs were euthanized and necropsied for collecting and counting E.granulosus worms.Immunoglobins,including the IgG subclasses IgG1 and IgG2,were detected in the sera of vaccinated dogs by ELISA.To determine whether the protection efficacy could be maintained after 45 days post-infection,we implemented a longevity trial to count eggs in dog faeces for 170 days after infection.Results:The dogs vaccinated with EgM9 and EgM123 mixed with Quil A and ISCOMs showed similar protective efficacy as the proteins emulsified with Freund’s adjuvants in our previous study in terms of reduction of worms and eggs at 45 days post-infection.The longevity trial showed that EgM9 protein-vaccinated group released lower number of eggs per gram compared with the egg counts in the control dogs during the dog trial study.Conclusion:EgM9 and EgM123 are thus suitable vaccine candidates against E.granulosus infection in dogs.

Fluorescence "turn-on" Sensing Platform for Glutathione Detection Using Chitosan-Based Glutaraldehyde Non-conjugated Polymers

We established a f uorescence“turn-on”sensing platform for glutathione(GSH)detection utilizing chitosan-based glutaraldehyde non-conjugated polymers(GCPF)as nanomaterials via f uorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)principle.Owing to the overlapping property of absorption spectrum of MnO^(2)nanosheets with f uorescence spectrum of GCPF,f uorescent intensity of GCPF was quenched in the presence of MnO^(2)nanosheets because of FRET principle.When GSH was added,MnO^(2)nanosheets were reduced and decomposed into large amounts of Mn^(2+)ions owing to reducing property of GSH.Accordingly,the quenched f uorescent intensity was turned on again.Therefore,this platform based on MnO^(2)nanosheet has been f rst applied to f uorescence“turn-on”detection of GSH from 0.5 to 50μmol/L with sdetection limit of 84 nmol/L.It showed high selectivity in GSH detection towards other ions and biomolecules such as L-lysine,L-threonine,L-valine,L-glutamic acid and DL-aspartic acid.When it was utilized in detecting GSH in serum samples,satisfactory recoveries ranged from 101.5%to 103.2%,indicating the accuracy of this f uorescence“turn-on”platform in bioanalysis.