Clinicopathologic and prognostic relevance of ARID1A protein loss in colorectal cancer

AIM:To explore the association between AT-rich interactive domain 1A(ARID1A)protein loss by immunohistochemistry and both clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer.METHODS:We retrospectively collected clinicopathologic data and archived paraffin-embedded primary colorectal cancer samples from 209 patients,including 111patients with colon cancer and 98 patients with rectal cancer.The tumor stage ranged from stageⅠto stageⅣaccording to the 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor-node-metastasis(TNM)staging system.All patients underwent resection of primary colorectal tumors.The expression of ARID1A protein in primary colorectal cancer tissues was examined by immunohistochemical staining.The clinicopathologic association and survival relevance of ARID1A protein loss in colorectal cancer were analyzed.RESULTS:ARID1A loss by immunohistochemistry was not rare in primary colorectal cancer tumors(25.8%).There were 7.4%,24.1%,22.2%and 46.3%of patients with ARID1A loss staged at TNM stageⅠ,Ⅱ,ⅢandⅣ,respectively,compared with 20.0%,22.6%,27.7%and 29.7%of patients without ARID1A loss staged at TNM stageⅠ,Ⅱ,ⅢandⅣ,respectively.In patients with ARID1A loss,the distant metastasis rate was 46.3%.However,only 29.7%of patients without ARID1A loss were found to have distant metastasis.In terms of pathologic differentiation,there were 25.9%,66.7%and 7.4%with poorly,moderately and well differentiated tumors in patients with ARID1A loss,and 14.2%,72.3%and 13.5%with poorly,moderately and well differentiated tumors in patients without ARID1A loss,respectively.ARID1A loss was associated with late TNM stage(P=0.020),distant metastasis(P=0.026),and poor pathological classification(P=0.035).However,patients with positive ARID1A had worse overall survival compared to those with negative ARID1A in stageⅣcolorectal cancer(HR=2.49,95%CI:1.13-5.51).CONCLUSION:ARID1A protein loss is associated with clinicopathologic characteristics in colorectal cancer patients and with survival in stageⅣpatients.

Preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer evaluated using strain ultrasonic elastography

BACKGROUND The incidence of breast cancer in China is increasing while its mortality rate is decreasing.The annual breast cancer incidence in China is 39.2 million,accounting for two-thirds of the urban population.In China,breast cancer is the fifth most common malignant tumor overall and the most common in women,accounting for 17%of female malignant tumors.AIM To investigate the accuracy of strain ultrasound elastography(SUE)on the evaluation of preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)in breast cancer.METHODS Overall,90 patients with breast cancer treated at our hospital between January 2018 and February 2019 were selected for this study.The patients received six cycles of NAC with docetaxel,epirubicin,and cyclophosphamide.Surgical treatment was also performed,and pathological reactivity was assessed.The patients were evaluated using conventional ultrasonography and SUE before biopsy.The differences between groups were analyzed to calculate the mean and standard deviation with significance measured using a t-test,while multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression analysis.RESULTS Of the patients analyzed,20 had a pathological complete remission(pCR)while 70 did not achieve pCR after NAC.The ratio of the elastic strain ratio(SR)and elastic score of 4–5 in patients with pCR were 5.5±1.16 and 15.00%,respectively;these were significantly lower than those in patients without pCR(85%)and significantly higher than in patients without pCR(14%).SR and elastic score 4–5 were independent factors influencing NAC efficacy(OR=0.644,1.426 and 1.366,respectively,P<0.05).SR was positively correlated with elasticity score(rs=0.411,P<0.05).The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of SR and SR combined with elastic score in predicting patients without pCR was 0.822 and 0.891,respectively(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Strain ultrasonic elastography may be used to evaluate the effects of preoperative NAC in patients with breast cancer.

Evaluation on Hot/Cold Drug Property of Acaí(Euterpe oleracea Mart.) by Cytological Study Methods

Objective: To determine the hot/cold of South American A?aí(Euterpe oleracea Mart.). Materials and Methods: 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay was performed to compare the influence of A?aí and phellodendron bark(Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis) on the growth and proliferation of HepG2 and Hep3 B cell strains. The morphological changes of the two cell strains treated with A?aí and C. Phellodendri were observed using an inverted phase contrast microscope. Trypan blue dye exclusion assay was used to compare and analyze the toxicity effects of A?aí. The content of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH) and the ratio of NADH/NAD+ of the treated cells were detected using a spectrophotometer to determine the influence of A?aí to the energy metabolism of the two cell strains. Results: Within the range of measured concentrations, both A?aí and C. Phellodendri displayed separately the stronger inhibitory effects on cell growth, proliferation, and energy metabolism of the two cell strains. By MTT assay, A?aí showed significant(P < 0.05) or highly significant(P < 0.01) inhibitory effects on cell proliferation within the concentration range of 0.25–40 μg/mL, which was similar to the effects of C. Phellodendri. From the results of microscopic examination, the morphological of lower cell density, attenuated granularity, and more outstretched cells in irregular polygonal shape could be observed in the cells treated with A?aí, which was also similar to that of C. Phellodendri. In trypan blue staining assay, all concentrations of A?aí showed negligible toxicity effects, exactly as that of C. Phellodendri. A?aí showed a highly significant effect of decreasing the content of intracellular NADH as well as the ratio of NADH/NAD+(P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Conclusion: The effect of A?aí on HepG2 and Hep3 B strains just as C. Phellodendri can reduce energy metabolism and inhibit the growth and proliferation. All performance characteristics of two cell strains treated with A?aí belong to that characteristic of cold property drug. From the study results, we can deduce that the drug property of A?aí is cold.