Electrochemical behavior of gold and its associated minerals in alkaline thiourea solutions

Electrochemical measurements were conducted to study the electrochemical behavior of gold （Au） and its commonly associated minerals in alkaline thiourea solutions. The results indicated that without addition of any stabilizer, selective dissolution of Au from stibnite and pyrite was only possible at relatively low thiourea concentrations. As Na2SiO3 was added, pyrite started to become active and an oxida- tion peak appeared; the oxidation peaks of axsenopyrite and chalcocite appeared earlier thaxl that of Au. The chalcocite peak shifted in the positive direction and the peak current increased. Stibnite did not show an oxidation peak and its current was nearly zero. Adding Na2SiO3 favored the selective dissolution of Au when its minerals were associated with chalcocite and stibinte. At pH 12, the Au anode dissolution peak current increased with stabilizer concentration. At 0.38 and 0.42 V and for Na2SiO3 concentration below 0.09 M, the current density continuously increased with Na2SiO3 concentration. The Na2SiO3 concentration had to be adequate to stabilize thiourea. When the potential was higher than 0.42 V, the surface of the Au electrode started to passivate. With an additional increase in potential, the presence of Na2SiO3 could not stop the inevitable decomposition of thiourea.

A 90° mixed-mode twisted nematic liquid-crystal-on-silicon with an insulating protrusion structure

A 90°mixed-mode twisted nematic liquid-crystal-on-silicon(90°-MTN LCoS) with protrusion located between the adjacent pixels is proposed to reduce the effect of fringing field. The influence of the protrusion with different widths from0.5 μm to 0.9 μm and different heights from 0.3 μm to 0.7 μm is investigated. The results demonstrate that the invalid pixel region width can be reduced by 31.5% via using the protrusion with the suitable width and height compared with no protrusion case, which provides a higher display quality, such as the higher reflectance and contrast ratio.

Effect of continuous nursing combined with respiratory exercise nursing on pulmonary function of postoperative patients with lung cancer

BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality among cancers.Surgery is currently one of the primary methods of treating lung cancer.Although it can slow down the progression of the disease by removing the lesion,this invasive surgery inevitably damages the integrity of the patient’s chest.Moreover,the patient’s pulmonary function may have a low compensatory capacity after surgery,causing various respiratory diseases such as atelectasis,respiratory function decline,and even serious cardiovascular disease.All of these have great negative impacts on the surgical effect and the prognosis of patients.With the continuous exploration and development of nursing,continuous nursing and respiratory exercise nursing have been gradually applied in the nursing of patients after lung cancer surgery,and have achieved good nursing results.AIM To investigate the effect of continuous nursing combined with respiratory exercise nursing on the pulmonary function of postoperative patients with lung cancer.METHODS A total of 80 patients with lung cancer who underwent surgery in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2021 were selected as the study subjects.All subjects were randomly divided into the control group(n=40 cases)and the experimental group(n=40 cases).Patients with lung cancer in the control group were given conventional nursing after surgery,while the experimental group was given continuous nursing combined with respiratory exercise nursing based on conventional nursing.The recovery of pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms was observed before and after 3 mo of intervention in both groups.The pulmonary function parameters,blood gas analysis,MD Anderson Symptom Inventory-lung cancer module(MDASI-LC)scores,incidence of pulmonary complications,and Morisky compliance scores were compared between the two groups before and after 3 mo of intervention.RESULTS There was no significant difference in pulmonary function and blood gas analysis between the two groups before intervention(P>0.05).3 mo after the intervention,the pulmonary function parameters in the experimental group(SpO2,VC,MVV,FEV1,FEV1%pred,and FEV1/FVC)were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in blood gas analysis between the two groups before intervention(P>0.05).PaO2 in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group,and PaCO_(2) was significantly lower than that in the control group 3 mo after the intervention.The difference had statistical significance(P<0.05).3 mo after the intervention,the MDASI score of respiratory symptoms in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the incidence of pulmonary complications was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).In addition,the treatment compliance and nursing satisfaction of patients in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Continuous nursing combined with respiratory exercise nursing can significantly accelerate the recovery of respiratory function in postoperative lung cancer patients,reduce the incidence of postoperative complications of lung cancer as well as improve the treatment compliance of patients.

Small Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Peri-urethral Tissues Regulate Fibroblast Function and Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence

Objective:This study aimed to explore the existence of small extracellular vesicles(sEVs)in peri-urethral tissues and the role of abnormal expression of sEVs in the pathogenesis of female stress urinary incontinence(SUI).Methods:sEVs were extracted from peri-urethral vaginal wall tissues using differential centrifugation and were observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The number of sEVs and their protein contents were compared between SUI and control groups using nanoparticle tracking analysis(NTA)and bicinchoninic acid(BCA)protein assay.Fibroblasts were cultured separately with SUI(SsEVs group)and normal tissue sEVs(NsEVs group).Proliferation and migration of fibroblasts were compared between groups using CCK-8 and wound healing assays,respectively.Expression levels of collagenⅠandⅢwere compared among blank control(BC),NsEVs,and SsEVs groups using real-time PCR.Protein mass spectrometry was used to test the differentially expressed proteins contained in sEVs between groups.Results:sEVs were extracted and found under the electron microscope.There were significantly more sEVs extracted from the SUI group compared to the normal group.Fibroblasts showed increased proliferative and decreased migratory abilities,and expressed more collagen in the SsEVs group compared to the NsEVs and BC groups.Protein spectrum analysis demonstrated several differentially expressed targets,including components of microfibrils,elastin polymer,and anti-inflammatory factors.Conclusion:sEVs were detected in the peri-urethral tissues.SUI tissues expressed more sEVs than control.The abnormal expression of sEVs and their protein contents may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of SUI.

密蒙花滴眼液对去势雄兔泪腺细胞炎症因子的影响（英文）

目的:观察不同浓度密蒙花滴眼液对去势雄兔泪腺细胞炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β的影响,探讨不同浓度密蒙花滴眼液对去势雄兔干眼症模型的疗效。方法:将密蒙花原药材制备成低、中、高3种浓度滴眼液。将42只健康成年新西兰长耳白兔(雄性),随机分为A:空白组;B:模型组;C:低浓度密蒙花滴眼液组;D:中浓度密蒙花滴眼液组;E:高浓度密蒙花滴眼液组;F:安慰剂滴眼液组;G:睾酮组等7组,每组6只。除A组外其余6组实验用兔行双侧睾丸及附睾切除术。从术后第3天开始C、D、E、F组分别予相应滴眼液滴双眼。各组实验用兔,分别于术前和术后第4wk各进行一次Schirmer I试验(SIT)和泪膜破裂时间(BUT)测定。采用免疫组化法对泪腺细胞炎症因子TNF-α和IL-1β的表达进行检测。结果:1)SIT与BUT值比较:术后C组与D、E、G组比较,有统计学意义(P<0.01);D、E、G组间相比较,无统计学意义(P>0.05);2)术后各组炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β比较:C组与D、E、G组比较,有统计学意义(P<0.05);D、E、G组间相比较,无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:1)密蒙花滴眼液具有与雄激素相似的抑制细胞炎症因子表达的作用,但其作用弱于雄激素;2)中、高浓度密蒙花滴眼液对TNF-α和IL-1β的抑制作用要强于低浓度密蒙花滴眼液,但中、高浓度密蒙花滴眼液的抑制作用差别不明显。

密蒙花颗粒对去势雄兔泪腺细胞凋亡因子Bax、Bcl-2、Fas和FasL的影响（英文）

目的观察不同浓度密蒙花颗粒对去势雄兔泪腺细胞凋亡因子Bax、Bcl-2、Fas和Fas L的影响,探讨密蒙花颗粒对去势雄兔干眼症模型的疗效。方法将密蒙花原药材制备成颗粒。将30只健康成年新西兰长耳白兔(雄性),随机分为A:空白组;B:模型组;C:密蒙花颗粒组;D:安慰剂;E:睾酮组,每组6只。除A组外其余4组实验用兔行双侧睾丸及附睾切除术。除A、B组外,从术后第3天开始C组予密蒙花颗粒,按100 mg/kg灌胃,3次/日;D组予生理盐水灌胃;E组按0.5 mL/kg在大腿肌肉处注射丙酸睾酮注射液,每3天注射一次。各组实验用兔,分别于术前和术后第4周各进行一次Schirmer I试验(SIT)和泪膜破裂时间(BUT)测定。用药观察4周后采用空气栓塞法处死各组兔子,摘取双眼泪腺组织,采用免疫组化法对泪腺细胞凋亡因子Bax、Bcl-2、Fas和FasL的表达进行检测,并进行统计学分析。结果 (1)SIT与BUT值比较:B、D组手术前后比较,P<0.01,有明显统计学意义;其他各组手术前后比较,P>0.05,无统计学意义;(2)术后各组凋亡因子Bax、Bcl-2、Fas和FasL比较:术后B、D组比较,P>0.05,无统计学意义;B、D组与其他各组比较,P<0.01,有明显统计学意义;A、C、E组间比较,P>0.05,无统计学意义。结论与雄激素比较,密蒙花颗粒抑制Bax、Fas和FasL的表达,上调Bcl-2的表达水平。

F4.8可视穿刺针式肾镜治疗特殊类型肾结石的临床研究

目的探讨可视穿刺针式肾镜治疗特殊类型肾结石的临床疗效及安全性。方法 2016年6月-2017年8月,采用F4.8铂立可视穿刺针式肾镜对46例特殊类型肾结石患者进行钬激光碎石术,其中肾盏憩室内结石8例,肾下盏结石[肾盂肾下盏漏斗夹角(IPA)<30°]7例,输尿管软镜治疗失败4例,集合系统无扩张肾结石17例,儿童肾结石4例,乙状结肠直肠膀胱术(Mainz-Ⅱ)术后并发肾结石6例。结石大小<1.5 cm 28例、大小>1.5 cm 18例,结石平均直径(1.6±0.4)cm。位于肾下盏、中盏、上盏、肾盂合并肾盏结石分别为20、10、5和11例。术中均"一针见石"建立经皮肾手术通道后碎石。结果术中所有患者均采用单通道,35例F4.8可视肾镜钬激光碎石,11例较大铸型结石术中再扩至F20行钬激光或超声碎石清石术,手术时间为25~50 min,平均为(37.4±9.2)min,术后35例完全无管化、11例留置肾造瘘管或双J管,术后所有患者均未出现活动性出血,3例患者出现发热,经常规抗感染治疗后,症状很快消失,术后住院时间为(2.4±0.8)d,术后1个月结石清除率为91.3%(42/46)。4例有残石患者辅助予以体外冲击波碎石、物理振动及药物促进排石治疗,再随访1个月结石均排净。结论 F4.8可视穿刺针式肾镜治疗特殊类型肾结石更加安全有效,成功率高,清石率高,且并发症低,近似无出血手术,患者恢复快,值得临床推广应用。

Acid fibroblast growth factor reduces rat intestinal mucosal damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion insult

AIM: To detect the effects of acid fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) on apoptosis and proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells in differentiation or proliferation status to explore the protective mechanisms of aFGF.METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham-operated control group (C, n = 6), intestinal ischemia group (I,n = 6), aFGF treatment group (A,n =48) and intestinal ischemia-reperfusion group (R, n = 48). Apoptosis of intestinal mucosal cells was determined with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferasemediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL)technique. Proliferating cell nuclear. antigen (PCNA)protein expression and distribution were detected with immunohistochemical method. Plasma levels of D-lactate were determined with modified Brandts method.RESULTS: In A group, administration of exogenous aFGF could improve intestinal histological structure and decrease plasma D-lactate levels at 2-12 h after the reperfusion compared with R group. The apoptotic rates and PCNA protein expressions were not increased until 2 h after reperfusion and were maximal at 12 h. After reperfusion for 2-12 h, the apoptotic rates were gradually augmented along the length of jejunal crypt-villus units.Administration of aFGF could significantly reduce the apoptotic response at 2-12 h after reperfusion (P＜0.05).Apoptosis rates in villus and crypt epithelial cells in A group at 12 h after reperfusion were (62.5±5.5)% and (73.2±18.6)% of those in R group, respectively.Treatment of aFGF could apparently induce protein expression of PCNA in intestinal mucosal cells of A group compared with R group during 2-12 h after reperfusion (P＜0.05). There were approximately 1.3- and 1.5-times increments of PCNA expression levels in villus and crypt cells in A group at 12 h after reperfusion compared with R group, respectively.CONCLUSION: Intestinal I/R insult could lead to histological structure change and apoptotic rate increment. The protective effects of aFGF against ischemia/reperfusion in rat intestinal mucosa might be partially due to its ability to inhibit ischemia/reperfusioninduced apoptosis and to promote cell proliferation of crypt cells and villus epithelial cells.

Effect of Qingguangan on the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in filtering bleb after trabeculectomy in rabbits

AIM: To explore the effect of Qingguangan on the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in filtering bleb scarring area after trabeculectomy in rabbit model. METHODS: Thirty-two New Zealand rabbits were randomized into four groups: control group, experimental group, MMC group (ocular trabeculectomy in combination with MMC), and Qingguangan group. Trabeculectomy was performed on both eyes in each group except control group. Qingguangan group was mouth-fed with Qingguangan (solution). On postoperative day 14, the appearances of MMP-2 and MMP-9 on filtrating blebs were observed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Statistical differences of the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were noted among groups on day 14 following surgery. Histology immunohistochemistry showed significant differences on the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 between each groups( P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Qingguangan can promote the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9.

Fatigue prevalence in men treated for prostate cancer:A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND The side effects of prostate cancer(PCa)treatment are very prominent,with cancer-related fatigue(CRF)being the most common.Fatigue is a distressing symptom that interferes with daily functioning and seriously affects patient quality of life during,and for many years after,treatment.However,compared with other types of cancer,such as breast cancer,little is known about the prevalence of PCa-related fatigue.AIM To determine the prevalence of CRF in patients with PCa.METHODS A systematic search of EMBASE,PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure,WANFANG DATA,Technology Journal Database and the Chinese Biological Medical Database was conducted up to July 28,2020.Included studies measured the incidence of PCa-related fatigue and differentiated fatigue outcomes(incidence)between treatment modalities and fatigue assessment times.In our meta-analysis,both fixed and random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled prevalence of PCa-related fatigue.Subgroup analyses were performed using treatment modalities and fatigue assessment times.Publication and sensitivity bias analyses were performed to test the robustness of the associations.RESULTS Fourteen studies,involving 4736 patients,were eligible for the review.The pooled CRF prevalence was 40%in a total sample of 4736 PCa patients[95%confidence interval(CI):29-52;P<0.01;I2=98%].The results of the subgroup analyses showed the prevalence of CRF after androgen deprivation therapy treatment,radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy to be 42%(95%CI:20-67,P<0.01,I2=91%),21%(95%CI:16-26,P=0.87,I2=0%)and 40%(95%CI:22-58,P<0.01,I2=90%),respectively.The prevalence of acute and persistent fatigue was 44%(95%CI:25-64;P<0.01;I2=93%)and 29%(95%CI:25-32;P=0.30;I2=17%),respectively.CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis showed that fatigue is a common symptom in men with PCa,especially those using hormone therapy.

Regulatory effect of miRNA 320a on expression of aquaporin 4 in brain tissue of epileptic rats

Objective:To study the expression of miRNA 320 a in the brain tissue of epileptic rats and analyze its effect on the expression of aquaporin 4(AQP4).Methods:All rats were performed with the intraperitoneal injection of lithium chloride(3 mmol/kg) and then the intraperitoneal injection of pilocarpine(30 mg/kg) 24 h later(injected twice) to prepare the epileptic model of Wistar rats.Rats in the control group were injected with the equal volume of normal saline.According to the Racine scale,rats with over stage 3 of epilepsy were chosen and the brain tissue was separated quickly and then stored at-80 ℃.The immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of aquaporin in the brain tissue of epileptic model and the Real-time PCR was employed to determine the difference in the expression of miRNA 320 a and AQP4 in the brain tissue of rats between the epileptic model group and control one.Five 5-day neonatal Wistar rats were chosen to collect the cerebral cortex and their primary astrocytes were separated and cultured.They were transfected with miRNA mimic and imitated to the endogenous miRNA 320 a to up-regulate the expression of miRNA 320 a.Results:In the model group,the expression of AQP4 was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.01).However,the expression of miRNA 320 a in the model group was lower than control group(P<0.05),which was negatively correlated to AQP4.In the primary astrocytes,the transfection of miRNA 320 a mimic could significantly reduce the expression of AQP4,while its inhibitor could up-regulate the expression of AQP4,which indicated that miRNA 320 a could reduce the expression of AQP4.Conclusions:In the primary astrocytes of rats,the miRNA 320 a could inhibit the expression of AQP4 and after adding the inhibitor of miRNA 320 a,the expression of AQP4 was up-regulated.

Comprehensive recovery of gold and base-metal sulfide minerals from a low-grade refractory ore

The comprehensive recovery of small amounts of valuable minerals such as gold and base-metal sulfide minerals from a low-grade refractory ore was investigated. The following treatment strategy was applied to a sample of this ore： gold flotation-gold concen- trate leaching-lead and zinc flotation from the gold concentrate leaching residue. Closed-circuit trials of gold flotation yielded a gold concen- trate that assayed at 40.23 g·t-1 Au with a recovery of 86.25%. The gold concentrate leaching rate was 98.76%. Two variants of lead-zinc flotation from the residue--preferential flotation of lead and zinc and bulk flotation of lead and zinc--were tested using the middling processing method. Foam from the reflotation was returned to the lead rougher flotation or lead-zinc bulk flotation, whereas middlings from reflotation were discarded. Sulfur concentrate was a byproduct. The combined strategy of flotation, leaching, and flotation is recommended for the treatment of this kind of ore.

Development status and trend of traditional Chinese medicine database

Following the trend of information technology,the development of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)databases has led to great changes in terms of data.For example,the storage and dissemination medium of data has achieved a shift from paper books to the internet,and the content has expanded from basic information to comprehensive information such as targets and molecular structures of modern medicine.In recent years,the amount of information contained in the TCM databases has grown at an unparalleled rate.However,there are still challenges correlated with the database construction,including insufficient data volume,inconsistent construction standards,and a low level of platformization.Additionally,the prevalence of applications in the field of TCM like network pharmacology,bioinformatics,and artificial intelligence requires a large volume of high-quality data.Generally speaking,the advancements in life science and artificial intelligence technology have outpaced the development of TCM databases.Therefore,this paper compiled the current status of TCM databases,discussed the benefits and drawbacks of various databases,and concluded that the development trend should be comprehensive,platform-based,and tightly integrated with modern life science technology and artificial intelligence technology,so as to provide assistance to the modernization research of TCM.

An index method to evaluate growers' pesticide use for identifying on-farm innovations and effective alternative pest management strategies:a case study of winegrape in Madera County,California

Winegrape is an important perennial crop in California,USA.Each year California winegrape farming consumes about 20 million kilograms of pesticides that have been a pollutant source to the fresh water systems of the state.The variation of pesticide use among winegrape growers has been significant.It has been observed that some growers have developed effective ways to reduce pesticide use,yet control pests efficiently to ensure harvest.Iden-tification of the growers with low and high pesticide use is very helpful to extension programs that aim on reducing pesticide environmental risk.In this study,an index approach is proposed to quantitatively measure pesticide use intensity at grower level.An integrated pesticide use index is developed by taking pesticide quantity and toxicity into account.An additive formula and a multiplying formula were used to calculate the pesticide use index,i.e.,PUI and PUIM.It was found that both PUI and PUIM were capable of identifying the low and high pesticide users while PUI was slightly more conservative than PUIM.All pesticides used in California winegrape farming were taken into account for calculating the indices.Madera County,one of the largest winegrape producers in California,was taken as an example to test the proposed approach.In year 2000,among the total 208 winegrape growers,28 with PUI≤10 and 34 with 10<PUI≤20 were identified as low pesticide users who were characterized with both low quantity and low toxicity of pesticide use.Most of the growers had small-sized vineyards,i.e.,one field and small planted areas.Furthermore,they had very low pesticide use intensity,used only 1-2 types of pesticides(mainly fungicides) ,applied few pesticides(1-3 only) ,and emphasized the use of low toxicity compounds.Meanwhile,19 growers with PUI>60,identified as high pesticide users,had large-sized vineyards,i.e.,more fields and large planted areas.They used all types of pesticides and many compounds,which indicated that their pest controls heavily depended on pesticides rather than on-farm management.Through the case study,the proposed approach proved to be useful for analyzing the growers'pesticide use intensities and interpreting their pesticide use behaviors,which led to a new start point for further investigation of searching ways to reduce pesticide environmental risk.

Electrochemical adsorption and passivation on gold surface in alkaline thiourea solutions

An electrochemical method was used to examine Au surface absorption and passivation under the most commonly employed pH conditions in an alkaline Au leaching system.The polarization at different pH values was obtained through the current step curve.At pH 10,no absorption layer was formed.When the pH was increased to 11,an absorption layer was formed through the Au electrode reaction.At pH 12,the entire system could not be stabilized,even after long durations because of the thiourea oxidation and decomposition.The samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),and atomic force microscopy(AFM).AFM observations of the Au plating surface and SEM-EDS analyses for the Au-coated graphite surface indicated that a passivation membrane was formed on the Au surface after its use in the alkaline thiourea Au leaching system.Two-step leaching was used to confirm the conclusions drawn from the experimental results.The twostage experimental results further confirmed the existence of a passivation membrane.

Oscillatory Behavior of Third-order Nonlinear Differential Equations with a Sublinear Neutral Term

The authors present some new criteria for oscillation and asymptotic behavior of solutions of third-order nonlinear differential equations with a sublinear neutral term of the form(r(t)(z"(t))α)+∫_(c)^(d)q(t,ξ)f(x(σ(t,ξ)))dξ=0,t≥t_(0) where z(t)=x(t)+∫_(a)^(b)p(t,ξ)x^(γ)(τ(t,ξ))dξ,0<γ≤1.Under the conditions∫_(t_(0)-1)^(∞)r^(-1/α)(t)dt=∞or∫_(t0)^(∞)r^(-1/α)(t)dt<∞.The results obtained here extend,improve and complement to some known results in the literature.Examples are provided to illustrate the theorems.

Wheat silage partially replacing oaten hay exhibited greater feed efficiency and fibre digestion despite low feed intake by feedlot lambs

This study aimed to investigate the feeding effect of wheat silage on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,rumen fermentation,and microbiota composition in feedlot lambs.Sixty-four male crossbred Chinese Han lambs(BW=27.8±0.67 kg,3 months of age)were randomly assigned to four ration groups with wheat silage replacing 0%(WS0),36%(WS36),64%(WS64),and 100%(WS100)of oaten hay on forage dry matter basis.The concentrate-to-forage ratio was 80:20 and the feeding trial lasted 52 d.Increasing wheat silage inclusion linearly decreased dry matter intake by 4%to 27%(P<0.01).However,increasing the wheat silage replacement of oaten hay by no more than 64%improved the feed efficiency by 14%as noted by the feed-to-gain ratio(P=0.04).Apparent digestibility of organic matter(P<0.01),neutral detergent fibre(P=0.04)and acid detergent fibre(P<0.01)quadratically increased.Ammonia nitrogen(P=0.01)decreased while microbial protein production(P<0.01)increased with the increase of wheat silage inclusion.Total volatile fatty acids concentration increased quadratically with the increase of wheat silage inclusion(P<0.01),and the highest occurred in WS64.The molar proportion of acetate(P<0.01)and acetate-to-propionate ratio(P=0.04)decreased while butyrate(P<0.01)and isovalerate(P=0.04)increased.Increasing wheat silage inclusion increased the Firmicutes-toBacteroidota ratio by 226%to 357%,resulting in Firmicutes instead of Bacteroidota being the most abundant phylum.The relative abundance of cellulolytic Ruminococcus numerically increased but that of amylolytic Prevotella(P<0.01)decreased as increasing wheat silage inclusion.Taken together,increasing wheat silage replacement of oaten hay by no more than 64%exhibited greater feed efficiency and fibre digestion despite low feed intake by feedlot lambs due to the change of Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidota ratio in the rumen.

Energy management for multi-microgrid system based on model predictive control

To reduce the computation complexity of the optimization algorithm used in energy management of a multi-microgrid system, an energy optimization management method based on model predictive control is presented. The idea of decomposition and coordination is adopted to achieve the balance between power supply and user demand, and the power supply cost is minimized by coordinating surplus energy in the multi-microgrid system. The energy management model and energy optimization problem are established according to the power flow characteristics of microgrids. A dual decomposition approach is imposed to decompose the optimization problem into two parts, and a distributed predictive control algorithm based on global optimization is introduced to achieve the optimal solution by iteration and coordination. The proposed method has been verified by simulation, and simulation results show that the proposed method provides the demanded energy to consumers in real time, and improves renewable energy efficiency. In addition, the proposed algorithm has been compared with the particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm. The results show that compared with PSO, the proposed method has better performance, faster convergence, and significantly higher efficiency.

Electrochemical dissolution behavior of gold and its main coexistent sulfide minerals in acid thiocyanate solutions

Electrochemical tests were developed to investigate the electrochemical dissolution behavior of gold and its main coexistent sulfide minerals in acid thiocyanate solutions.The optimal leaching conditions for gold in acidic thiocyanate system were pH 2,0.15 mol·L^(-1) thiocyanate and 0.2 g·L^(-1)Fe^(3+).Fe^(3+) addition to the acidic thiocyanate system promoted gold dissolution significantly,arsenopyrite dissolution was inhibited,chalcopyrite dissolution was increased,and the dissolution behavior of other associated minerals remained mostly unchanged.Thiocyanate made gold and associated mineral leaching easier.The galvanic corrosion effect of gold and its main coexistent sulfide minerals in an acidic thiocyanate-free system was that the chalcocite,arsenopyrite and pyrite acted as a cathode to reduce anodic gold dissolution;galena as an anode undergoes oxidation to inhibit anodic gold dissolution.There was almost no galvanic corrosion behavior between stibnite,yellow sphalerite and black sphalerite and gold.Thiocyanate addition changed the galvanic corrosion behavior of stibnite and yellow sphalerite in the thiocyanate system,which inhibited anodic gold dissolution.In the acidic thiocyanate system in the presence of ferric iron,the arsenopyrite promoted anodic gold dissolution,the chalcocite and gold were mostly free of galvanic corrosion,and the remaining minerals inhibited anodic gold dissolution.