Gene expression and metabolite profiles of cotton fiber during cell elongation and secondary cell wall synthesis

棉花纤维在延伸的开始以后很快伸长，最后导致大量纤维素的存款。为了在快延伸和第二等的细胞壁合成揭示棉花纤维房间的特征，上演，我们比较了 respectivetranscriptomes 和代谢物侧面。由 cDNA 数组的 transcriptomes 的比较分析识别了是在纤维开发期间调整的差别的 633 基因。用变量把纤维样品划分了成四的表示基因的 Principalcomponent 分析(PCA ) 组织，它发育阶段是诊断的。如果，类似的组织结果也被发现我们是的 usenon 极或极的代谢物为开发纤维的 PCA 的变量。植物生长素发信号，松开墙并且脂类代谢在纤维延伸期间是高度活跃的，而纤维素生合成是占优势的，许多另外的新陈代谢的小径是在第二等的细胞壁合成调整的 down，上演。抄本和代谢物侧面和酶活动在向纤维素合成表明棉花纤维开发的一个专门化过程是一致的。这些数据证明在某个阶段的那个棉花纤维房间有它棉花纤维房间的自己的唯一的特征，和发育阶段能被他们的抄本和代谢物侧面区分。在第二等的细胞壁合成阶段期间，新陈代谢的小径被流进纤维素合成。

Vertebrobasilar artery dissection manifesting as Millard-Gubler syndrome in a young ischemic stroke patient: A case report

BACKGROUND Millard-Gubler syndrome(MGS) is caused by a lesion in the brainstem at the level of the facial nerve nucleus, and it is also a rare ventral pontine syndrome.Vertebrobasilar artery dissection(VAD) is an uncommon cause of ischemic stroke. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report on the coexistence of MGS and VAD in a young acute ischemic stroke patient.CASE SUMMARY We herein describe an unusual case of young acute ischemic stroke patient,presenting with acute right peripheral facial palsy, right abducens palsy, and contralateral hemihypesthesia, manifesting as MGS. After receiving dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel, as well as rosuvastatin, the patient recovered significantly. The high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) indicated a diagnosis of VAD.CONCLUSION Our finding further demonstrated that high-resolution MRI is a useful technique to early detect underlying dissection in posterior circulation ischemic stroke.

Clinical features of syphilitic myelitis with longitudinally extensive myelopathy on spinal magnetic resonance imaging

BACKGROUND Syphilitic myelitis caused by Treponema pallidum is an extremely rare disease. However, symptomatic neurosyphilis, especially syphilitic myelitis, and its clinical features have been infrequently reported. Only a few cases of syphilitic myelitis have been documented. To the best of our knowledge, there are only 19 reported cases of syphilitic myelitis. However, the clinical features of syphilitic myelitis with longitudinally extensive myelopathy have been still not clear. AIM To explore the clinical features of syphilitic myelitis with longitudinally extensive myelopathy on spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS First, we report a patient who suffered from syphilitic myelitis with symptoms of sensory disturbance, with longitudinally extensive myelopathy with "flip-flop sign" on spinal MRI. Second, we performed a literature search to identify other reports (reviews, case reports, or case series) from January 1987 to December 2018, using the PubMed and Web of Science databases with the terms including "syphilis","neurosyphilis","syphilitic myelitis","meningomyelitis","central nervous system", and "spine". We also summarized the clinical features of syphilitic myelitis with longitudinally extensive myelopathy. RESULTS A total of 16 articles of 20 cases were identified. Sixteen patients presented with the onset of sensory disturbance (80%), 15 with paraparesis (75%), and 9 with urinary retention (45%). Eleven patients had a high risk behavior (55%). Five patients had concomitant human immunodeficiency virus infection (25%).Serological data showed that 15 patients had positive venereal disease research laboratory test (VDRL)/treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPHA), and 17 had positive VDRL/TPHA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Seventeen patients were found to have elevated leukocytosis and protein in CSF. On MRI, 16 patients showed abnormal hyperintensities involved the thoracic spine, 6 involved the cervical spine, and 3 involved both the cervical and thoracic spine. There were 3 patients with the "flip-flop sign". All the patients were treated with penicillin, and 15 patients had a good prognosis. CONCLUSION Our case further raises awareness of syphilitic myelitis as an important complication of neurosyphilis due to homosexuality, especially in developing countries such as China.

The Jasmonate-Responsive AP2/ERF Transcription Factors AaERF1 and AaERF2 Positively Regulate Artemisinin Biosynthesis in Artemisia annua L.

Plants of Artemisia annua produce artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone widely used in malaria treatment. Amorpha-4,11-diene synthase （ADS）, a sesquiterpene synthase, and CYP71AV1, a P450 monooxygenase, are two key enzymes of the artemisinin biosynthesis pathway. Accumulation of artemisinin can be induced by the phytohormone jasmonate （JA）. Here, we report the characterization of two JA-responsive AP2 family transcription factors-AaERF1 and AaERF2-from A. annua L. Both genes were highly expressed in inflorescences and strongly induced by JA. Yeast one- hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assay （EMSA） showed that they were able to bind to the CRTDREHVCBF2 （CBF2） and RAVlAAT （RAA） motifs present in both ADS and CYP71AV1 promoters. Transient expression of either AaERF1 or AaERF2 in tobacco induced the promoter activities of ADS or CYP71AV1, and the transgenic A. annua plants overexpressing either transcription factor showed elevated transcript levels of both ADS and CYP71AV1, resulting in increased accumulation of artemisinin and artemisinic acid. By contrast, the contents of these two metabolites were reduced in the RNAi transgenic lines in which expression of AaERF1 or AaERF2 was suppressed. These results demonstrate that AaERF1 and AaERF2 are two positive regulators of artemisinin biosynthesis and are of great value in genetic engineering of arte- misinin production.