Hepatitis B virus infection in patients with Wilson disease:A large retrospective study

BACKGROUND Wilson disease(WD)is the most common genetic metabolic liver disease.Some studies have shown that comorbidities may have important effects on WD.Data on hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection in patients with WD are limited.AIM To investigate the prevalence and clinical impact of HBV infection in patients with WD.METHODS The clinical data of patients with WD were analyzed retrospectively,and the data of patients with concurrent WD and HBV infection were compared with those of patients with isolated WD.RESULTS Among a total of 915 WD patients recruited,the total prevalence of current and previous HBV infection was 2.1%[95%confidence interval(CI):1.2%-3.0%]and 9.2%(95%CI:7.3%-11.1%),respectively.The main finding of this study was the identification of 19 patients with concurrent WD and chronic hepatitis B(CHB)infection.The diagnosis of WD was missed in all but two patients with CHB infection.The mean delay in the diagnosis of WD in patients with concurrent WD and CHB infection was 32.5 mo,which was significantly longer than that in patients with isolated WD(10.5 mo).The rates of severe liver disease and mortality in patients with concurrent WD and CHB infection were significantly higher than those in patients with isolated WD(63.1%vs 19.3%,P=0.000 and 36.8%vs 4.1%,P<0.001,respectively).Binary logistic regression analysis revealed a significantly higher risk of severe liver disease at the diagnosis of WD in patients with current HBV infection[odds ratio(OR)=7.748;95%CI:2.890-20.774;P=0.000)]or previous HBV infection(OR=5.525;95%CI:3.159-8.739;P=0.000)than in patients with isolated WD.CONCLUSION The total prevalence of current HBV infection in patients with WD was 2.1%.The diagnosis of WD in CHB patients is usually missed.HBV infection is an independent risk factor for severe liver disease in WD patients.The diagnosis of WD should be ruled out in some patients with CHB infection.

Ocular manifestations and SARS-CoV-2 detection in tears and conjunctival scrape from non-severe COVID-19 patients

AIM:To explore the ocular features of corona virus disease(COVID)-19 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV)-2 detection in tears and conjunctival scrapes in non-severe COVID-19 patients.METHODS:This is a multicenter observational clinical study with no intervention conducted from Jan 25th to March 1st,2020.Clinical data and samples of tears and conjunctival scraping were collected in consecutive laboratory-confirmed,non-severe COVID-19 patients from three hospitals.COVID-19 virus was analyzed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)kits.RESULTS:Totally 255 laboratory-confirmed,non-severe COVID-19 patients were recruited for ocular manifestation investigation.Of them,54.9%were females,with a mean age of 49.4 y.None of the patients has evidence of uveitis;11 patients(4.3%)complained of mild asthenopia;2(0.8%)had mild conjunctival congestion and serous secretion.Twenty-five of them had performed tears and conjunctival scrape for COVID-19 virus detection,with 4 yield possible positive results in the nucleoprotein gene.One of them were asymptomatic with normal chest CT and positive pharyngeal swab result.CONCLUSION:Ocular manifestations are neither common nor specific in non-severe COVID-19 patients.Meanwhile,COVID-19 virus nucleotides can be detected in the tears and conjunctival scrape samples,warranting further research on the transmissibility by the ocular route.

A Direct Derivation of the Dark Soliton Excitation Energy

Dark solitons are common topological excitations in a wide array of nonlinear waves.The dark soliton excitation energy is crucial for exploring dark soliton dynamics and is necessarily calculated in a renormalized form due to its existence on a finite background.Despite its tremendous importance and success,the renormalized energy form was at first only suggested with no detailed derivation,and was then"derived"in the grand canonical ensemble.We revisit this fundamental problem and provide an alternative and intuitive derivation of the energy form from the fundamental Held energy by utilizing a limiting procedure that conserves number of particles.Our derivation yields the same result,thus putting the dark soliton energy form on a solid basis.

Single-atom Ag-loaded carbon nitride photocatalysts for efficient degradation of acetaminophen:The role of Ag-atom and O_(2)

Carbon nitride has been extensively used as a visible-light photocatalyst,but it has the disadvantages of a low specific surface area,rapid electron-hole recombination,and relatively low light absorbance.In this study,single-atom Ag was successfully anchored on ultrathin carbon nitride(UTCN)via thermal polymerization,the catalyst obtained is called AgUTCN.The Ag hardly changed the carbon nitride's layered and porous physical structure.AgUTCN exhibited efficient visible-light photocatalytic performances in the degradation of various recalcitrant pollutants,eliminations of 85% were achieved by visible-light irradiation for 1hr.Doping with Ag improved the photocatalytic performance of UTCN by narrowing the forbidden band gap from 2.49 to 2.36 e V and suppressing electron-hole pair recombination.In addition,Ag doping facilitated O_(2) adsorption on UTCN by decreasing the adsorption energy from -0.2 to -2.22 e V and favored the formation of O_(2)^(·-).Electron spin resonance and radical-quenching experiments showed that O_(2)^(·-)was the major reactive species in the degradation of Acetaminophen(paracetamol,APAP).

Spatial patterns and determinants of Moraceae richness in China

Understanding large-scale patterns of biodiversity and their drivers remains central in ecology.Many hypotheses have been proposed,including hydrothermal dynamic hypothesis,tropical niche conservatism hypothesis,Janzen’s hypothesis and a combination model containing energy,water,seasonality and habitat heterogeneity.Yet,their relative contributions to groups with different lifeforms and range sizes remain controversial,which have limited our ability to understand the general mechanisms underlying species richness patterns.Here we evaluated how lifeforms and species range sizes influenced the relative contributions of these three hypotheses to species richness patterns of a tropical family Moraceae.The distribution data of Moraceae species at a spatial resolution of 50 km×50 km and their lifeforms(i.e.shrubs,small trees and large trees)were compiled.The species richness patterns were estimated for the entire family,different life forms and species with different range sizes separately.The effects of environmental variables on species richness were analyzed,and relative contributions of different hypotheses were evaluated across life forms and species range size groups.The species richness patterns were consistent across different species groups and the species richness was the highest in Sichuan,Guangzhou and Hainan provinces,making these provinces the hotspots of this family.Climate seasonality is the primary factor in determining richness variation of Moraceae.The best combination model gave the largest explanatory power for Moraceae species richness across each group of range size and life forms followed by the hydrothermal dynamic hypothesis,Janzen’s hypothesis and tropical niche conservatism hypothesis.All these models has a large shared effects but a low independent effect(<5%),except rare species.These findings suggest unique patterns and mechanisms underlying rare species richness and provide a theoretical basis for protection of the Moraceae species in China.

三角形封闭腔内内含旋转柱体时碳化硅-乙二醇纳米流体层流混合对流传热特性研究(英文)

目的:明确在封闭腔内放置旋转柱体时,柱体尺寸及转速对不同浓度下纳米流体的流动传热的影响。创新点:1.数值模拟中采用的碳化硅-乙二醇(Si C-EG)纳米流体的重要热物性参数均为实验测量值;2.考虑封闭腔内柱体的动态旋转对腔内纳米流体流动传热的影响。方法:基于对Si C-EG纳米流体导热系数与粘度的实验测量,采用数值模拟方法探究封闭腔内旋转柱体、纳米流体浓度以及瑞利数对SiC-EG纳米流体流动传热性能的影响。结论:1.在柱体的旋转方向与由自然对流引起的纳米流体流动方向相同的情况下,置于腔内的旋转柱体可以起到强化传热的效果。2.二者旋转方向相反时情况较为复杂,当柱体尺寸较小且柱体转速较低时削弱传热效果;当柱体尺寸较大且转速较高而引发的强制对流占主导地位时,将对腔内传热起到一定的强化效果。

Decoquinate derivatives:A new class of potent antischistosomal agents against Schistosoma japonicum

Decoquinate（1）, an old and inexpensive coccidiostat, exhibited potent antimalarial activity, however, its antischistosomal activity against Schistosoma japonicum has not yet been evaluated. Based on decoquinate, a series of decoquinate derivatives was designed, synthesized, evaluated as a new class of antischistosomal agents against S. japonicum adult worms in vitro. Among them, compound 15 killed 100% of adult S. japonicum in 72 h at the concentration of 10 mmol/L in vitro, exhibited stronger wormkilling activity than PZQ in vitro and could serve as a promising lead compound to develop new antischistosomal agents.