Prognostic effect of excessive chemotherapy cycles for stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ gastric cancer patients after D2 + gastrectomy

BACKGROUND According to relevant investigation and analysis,there are few research studies on the effect of excessive chemotherapy cycles after D2 gastrectomy on the survival of patients with gastric cancer.AIM To determine whether excessive chemotherapy cycles provide extra survival benefits,reduce recurrence rate,and improve survival rate in patients with stage Ⅱ or Ⅲ gastric cancer.METHODS We analyzed and summarized 412 patients with stage Ⅱ gastric cancer and 902 patients with stage Ⅲ gastric cancer who received D2 gastrectomy plus adjuvant chemotherapy or neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Analysis and comparison at a ratio of 1:1 is aimed at reducing realistic baseline differences(n=97 in each group of stage Ⅱ,n=242 in each group of stage Ⅲ).Progression-free survival,overall survival and recurrence were the main outcome indicators.RESULTS When the propensity score was matched,the baseline features of stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ gastric cancer patients were similar between the two groups.After a series of investigations,Kaplan-Meier found that the progression-free survival and overall survival of stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ gastric cancer patients were consistent between the two groups.The local metastasis rate(P=0.002),total recurrence rate(P<0.001)and distant metastasis rate(P=0.001)in the≥9 cycle group of stage Ⅲ gastric cancer were statistically lower than those in the<9 cycle group.The interaction analysis by Cox proportional hazard regression model showed that intestinal type,proximal gastrectomy,and≥6 cm maximum diameter of tumor had a higher risk of total mortality in the<9 cycles group.CONCLUSION Overall,≥9 chemotherapy cycles is not recommended for patients with stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ gastric cancer because it has an insignificant role in the prognosis of gastric cancer.However,for patients with stage Ⅲ gastric cancer,≥9 cycles of chemotherapy was shown to significantly decrease recurrence.

Partial replacement of soybean meal by yellow mealworm(Tenebrio molitor)meal influences the flesh quality of Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)

This study investigated the effects of yellow mealworm meal(YM)replacing soybean meal(SBM)at different proportions(0%,15%,30%and 45%,referred as YM0,YM15,YM30 and YM45,respectively)on the flesh quality of Nile tilapia.A total of 360 fish(70.0±0.12 g)were randomly divided into 4 groups(3 tanks per group).Fish were fed the experimental diet twice daily for 10 wk.The results showed that muscle protein content significantly decreased in YM30 and YM45,while the lipid content significantly decreased in YM45(P<0.05).The essential amino acids and flavor amino acids of the muscle were not affected by the YM substitution,while saturated fatty acid content decreased in YM30 and YM45 compared with YM0(P<0.05).Fillets in YM45 had higher hardness,gumminess,and a higher proportion of thin myofibers(≤100μm,P<0.05)than those in other groups.Further analysis revealed that apoptosis and atrophy related genes were up-regulated,while the muscle antioxidant capacity decreased significantly in YM45(P<0.05),which may be related to the high acid value in YM45 diet.Our findings indicated that YM could replace up to 30%SBM without substantially altering the flesh quality.When the replacement ratio increased to 45%,the flesh quality would change.Special attention should be paid to avoid feed rancidity which may affect the flesh quality of fish.

A new insight on copper:Promotion of collagen synthesis and myofiber growth and development in juvenile grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Copper(Cu)is a trace element,essential for fish growth.In the current study,in addition to growth performance,we first explored the effects of Cu on collagen synthesis and myofiber growth and development in juvenile grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella).A total of 1080 fish(11.16±0.01 g)were randomly divided into 6 treatments(3 replicates per treatment)to receive five doses of organic Cu which were Cu citrate(CuCit)at 0.99(basal diet),2.19,4.06,6.15,and 8.07 mg/kg,and one dose o inorganic Cu(CuSO_(4)·5H_(2)O at 3.15 mg/kg),for 9 weeks.The results showed appropriate Cu level(4.06 mg kg)enhanced growth performance,improved nutritional Cu status,and downregulated Cu-transporting ATPase 1 mRNA levels in the hepatopancreas,intestine,and muscle of juvenile grass carp.Meanwhile collagen content in fish muscle was increased after Cu intake,which was probably due to the following pathways:(1)activating CTGF/TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway to regulate collagen transcription;(2upregulating of La ribonucleoprotein domain family 6(LARP6)mRNA levels to regulate translation initiation;(3)increasing proline hydroxylase,lysine hydroxylase,and lysine oxidase activities to regulate posttranslational modifications.In addition,optimal Cu group increased myofiber diameters and the frequency of myofibers with diameter>50μm,which might be associated with upregulation of cyclin B cyclin D,cyclin E,proliferating cell nuclear antigen,myogenic determining factor(MyoD),myogenic factor 5,myogenin(MyoG),myogenic regulatory factor 4 and myosin heavy chain(MyHC)and down regulation of myostatin mRNA levels,increasing protein levels of MyoD,MyoG and MyHC in fish muscle Finally,based on percentage weight gain(PWG),serum ceruloplasmin(Cp)activity and collagen conten in fish muscle,Cu requirements were determined as 4.74,4.37 and 4.62 mg/kg diet(CuCit as Cu source of juvenile grass carp,respectively.Based on PWG and Cp activity,compared to CuSO_(4)·5H_(2)O,the efficacy of CuCit were 131.80%and 115.38%,respectively.Our findings provide new insights into Cu supple mentation to promote muscle growth in fish,and help improve the overall productivity of aquaculture.

Developmental dysplasia of the hip： A special pathology

Developmental dysplasia of the hip （DDH） is one of the most common congenital disorders in childhood. Its diverse pathological changes require different treatments and result in different outcomes. Although many studies have been conducted on DDH, some special pathology is still unrecognized. We here presented a rare case of a one-year and eleven-month old girl with DDH; a half-free intra-articular osteocartilaginous tissue was found in her right hip joint. X-ray, computer assisted tomography （CT） and magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） were performed to evaluate the pathological changes. MRI revealed some positive findings. The patient experienced open reduction and histopathological examination of the small tissue. Through gross anatomy it is a half-free intra-articular osteocartilaginous tissue, which can fully match a fossa observed at the femoral head. Histopathological examination found that the tissue was composed of collagenous fiber and cartilage-like tissue. Interestingly, we found the expression of type l collagen according to immunohistochemical analysis, which indicated that the cartilage-like tissue was formed due to laceration of the articular cartilage. This kind of disorder should be included as one of the pathologies of DDH. The most possible origin of this tissue is the femoral head which we speculate may have been fractured before.

砂-凹凸棒土竖向隔离墙材料的压缩及渗透特性试验研究（英文）

目的:压缩性和渗透性是垃圾填埋场竖向隔离墙材料的2个重要指标。本文旨在探讨不同凹凸棒土添加量对砂-凹凸棒土隔离墙材料压缩性和渗透性的影响,并在Kozeny-Carman方程的框架下建立经验公式来预测砂-凹凸棒土隔离墙材料的渗透系数。创新点:1.系统全面地研究了不同凹凸棒土添加量对砂-凹凸棒土隔离墙材料压缩性和渗透性的影响;2.建立经验公式,预测砂-凹凸棒土隔离墙材料的渗透系数。方法:1.通过固结试验和刚性壁渗透试验,得出不同凹凸棒土添加量对砂-凹凸棒土隔离墙材料压缩性和渗透性的影响(图3和4,表1);2.通过公式推导,建立经验公式来预测砂-凹凸棒土隔离墙材料的渗透系数(公式(3)和(4))。结论:1.压缩指数(Cc)和回弹指数(Cs)均随回填料中凹凸棒土含量(Ap)的增加而增大,且Cc和Cs与Ap均有很好的线性关系:Cc=0.0062Ap+0.0161(r2=0.9914),Cs=0.0009Ap-0.0058(r2=0.9888)。2.用Casagrande和Taylor方法计算的固结系数(Cv)值均随回填料中凹凸棒土含量的增加而降低。3.利用太沙基固结理论计算的回填料渗透系数(ktheory)随回填料中凹凸棒土含量的增加而降低;在有效固结压力σ′<100 k Pa的情况下,只有凹凸棒土含量Ap≥30%,ktheory才会低于10-9 m/s;用刚性壁渗透试验测得的渗透系数kf与ktheory有相同的变化特征。4.基于试验数据提出了2种预测砂-凹凸棒土回填料渗透系数的方法,其中方法 2更好;由于这些方法都是经验公式,所以它们能否应用于原位场地或其它类型回填料仍需进一步的研究。