Behavior of calcium oxalate in sodium aluminate solutions

The stability of calcium oxalate is critical for the removal of sodium oxalate from sodium aluminate solutions.This studyinvestigated the behavior of calcium oxalate in sodium aluminate solution containing sodium carbonate.Results show that calciumoxalate can be converted to tricalcium aluminate hydrate(TCA)and calcium carbonate in sodium aluminate solution and sodiumcarbonate solution,respectively.Elevating temperature,extending residence time,or increasing caustic soda concentration enhancesthe conversion ratio of calcium oxalate in sodium aluminate solution;as a consequence,anti-causticisation occurs.Stability ofcalcium-containing compounds in sodium aluminate solution containing sodium carbonate differs from that in sodium aluminatesolution or sodium carbonate solution.Na2CO3in aluminate solution accelerates the transformation of calcium oxalate;thus,aluminais lost because of4CaO·Al2O3·CO2·11H2O and TCA formation.Calcium carbonate,4CaO·Al2O3·CO2·11H2O and calcium oxalatecan change into TCA in sodium aluminate solution at elevated temperature.Calcium oxalate remains relatively stable in dilutealuminate solution within a short residence time at low temperature.Thus,a novel process for removal of sodium oxalate by limecausticisation was presented and employed in an alumina refinery in China.

Calibration of Camera with Large Field-of-View Based on Flexible Planar Target

For high precision calibration of camera with large field-of-view,massive calibration points will be needed if traditional methods are selected,which makes the calibration complex and time-consuming.In order to solve this problem,a calibration method based on flexible planar target is proposed.In this method,distortion factor is firstly acquired by the invariance of cross ratio,and existing feature points are adjusted with the distortion factor.Then,a large number of points that will be used for the calibration are constructed with the adjusted feature points.Simultaneously,Tsai method is modified so as to reduce the complexity of calibration,which makes the process linear.The simulation and real experiments show that the method proposed in this paper is simple,linear,accurate and robust,and the precision of this method is close to that of Tsai method using abundant points.The method can satisfy the requirement of high precision calibration for camera with large field-of-view.