Association between CYP2C19*2/*3Polymorphisms and Coronary Heart Disease

This study sought to explore the relationship between cytochrome P450 2C19(CYP2C19)*2/*3 polymorphisms and the development of coronary heart disease(CHD),and to evaluate the influence of the single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)on the occurrence of adverse clinical events in CHD patients.A total of 231 consecutive patients candidate for percutaneous coronary intervention genotyped for CYP2C19*2(681G>A)and*3(636G>A)polymorphisms were enrolled.The adverse clinical events were recorded during a follow-up period of 14 months.The incidence of CHD,according to coronary angiography,was significantly higher(P=0.025)in CYP2C19*2 carriers group.Stepwise binary logistic regression analysis revealed that among factors that potentially influenced the presence of CHD(age>60 years,gender,BMI,etc.),CYP2C19*2 carriers(OR 1.94,95%CI:1.08-3.50,P=0.028)and male gender(OR 2.74,95%CI:1.58-4.76,P=0.001)were independent predictors,which were associated with the presence of CHD.The follow-up results showed that the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events within 14 months of discharge was significantly higher in the CYP2C 19*2 carriers than in the non-carriers(21.6%vs.6.3%,P=0.019).The results of the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed that CYP2C19*2 loss-of-flinction was the only independent factor which predicted the coronary events during the follow-up period of 14 months(OR=3.65,95%CI:1.09-12.25,P=0.036).The adverse impact of CYP2C19*2 polymorphisms was found not only in the risk of the presence of CHD,but also in the adverse cardiovascular events in CHD patients during the follow-up period of 14 months.However the same influence was not found in CYP2C19*3 mutation in Chinese Han population.

Evaporation of saline colloidal droplet and deposition pattern

The dynamic process of the evaporation and the desiccation of sessile saline colloidal droplets,and their final deposition are investigated.During the evaporation,the movement of the colloidal particles shows a strong dependence on the salt concentration and the droplet shape.The final deposition pattern indicates a weakened coffee-ring effect in this mixed droplet system.The microscopic observation reveals that as evaporation proceeds,the particle motion trail is affected by the salt concentration of the droplet boundary.The Marangoni flow,which is induced by surface tension gradient originating from the local evaporative peripheral salt enrichment,suppresses the compensation flow towards the contact line of the droplet.The inhomogeneous density and concentration field induced by evaporation or crystallization can be the major reason for various micro-flows.At last stage,the distribution and crystallization of Na Cl are affected by the colloidal particles during the drying of the residual liquid film.