Extended π-conjugated N-containing heteroaromatic hexacarboxylate organic anode for high performance rechargeable batteries

Organic electrode materials are desirable for green and sustainable Li-ion batteries(LIBs) due to their light-weight, low cost, abundance and multi-electron transfer reactions during battery operation. However, the successful utilization of organic electrodes is hindered by their poor electrical conductivity and low cyclic stability. Herein, a facile synthesis of π-conjugated N-containing heteroaromatic hexacarboxylate(Li6-HAT) compound and its electrochemical performance as an anode material in LIBs is reported.The as-synthesized Li6-HAT electrode renders an ultrahigh initial capacity of 1126.3 m Ah g^(-1) at the current density of 100 m A g^(-1). Moreover, π-conjugated N-containing heteroaromatic center provide excellent reversibility of(de)lithiation process, resulting in excellent capacity retention. Furthermore, a combination of density functional theory(DFT) calculations, in-situ Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) and ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) characterization reveal that the π-conjugated nitrogen and carboxyl oxygen act as electrochemically active sites during the charge/discharge process. The current work provides novel insights into the charge storage mechanism of organic electrodes and opens up avenues for further development and utilization of organic electrodes in Li-ion batteries.

Protection of entanglement between two V-atoms in a multi-cavity coupling system

The protection of the entanglement between two V-atoms(EBTVA)in a multi-cavity coupling system is studied.The whole system consists of two V-atoms.The two V-atoms are initially in the maximum entangled state and interacts locally with its own dissipative cavity which is coupled to the external cavities with high quality factor(ECWHQF).The results show that,when there is no ECWHQF,the EBTVA can be protected effectively in the case where the V-atom and the dissipative cavity are weak coupled in large detuning,while when there are different numbers n of ECWHQF coupled to two dissipative cavities,by adjusting the parameters of the number n of ECWHQF and the coupling strength k between cavities,the EBTVA can be protected perfectly and continuously.Our result provides an effective method for protecting entanglement resources of three-level system.

Steady and optimal entropy squeezing for three types of moving three-level atoms coupled with a single-mode coherent field

The entropy squeezing properties of different types of moving three-level atoms coupled with a single-mode coherent field are studied. The influences of the moving velocity and initial states of the three-level atom on the entropy squeezing are discussed. The results show that, the entropy squeezing properties of the three-level atom depend on its initial state, moving velocity, and the type. A stationary three-level atom can not obtain a steady entropy squeezing whatever initial conditions are chosen, while a moving three-level atom can achieve a steady and optimal entropy squeezing through choosing higher velocity and appropriate initial state. Our result provides a simple method for preparing squeezing resources with ultra-low quantum noise of the three-level atomic system without additional any complex techniques.

The role of central nervous system on hypoglycemia and the feasibility of the brain theory in traditional Chinese medicine on treatment of diabetes mellitus

The central nervous system （CNS） plays a key regulatory role in glucose homeostasis. In particular, the brain is important in initiating and coordinating protective counterregulatory responses when blood glucose levels fall. This may due to the metabolic dependency of the CNS on glucose, and protection of food supply to the brain. In healthy subjects, blood glucose is normally maintained within a relatively narrow range. Hypoglycemia in diabetic patients can increase the risk of complications, such as heart disease and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The clinical research finds that the use of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has a positive effect on the treatment of hypoglycemia. Here the authors reviewed the current understanding of sensing and counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia, and discuss combining traditional Chinese and Western medicine and the theory of iatrogenic hypoglycemia in diabetes treatment. Furthermore, the authors clarify the feasibility of treating hypoglycemia on the basis of TCM theory and CNS and have an insight on its clinical practice.