TBL教学法在神经行为学测评实验课教学中的应用

目的针对传统验证性实验教学模式存在的问题,探讨基于团队的教学法(team-based learning,TBL)在神经行为学测评实验课教学中的应用效果。方法以2019级临床医学五年制1班(107人)和2班(125人)学生为教学对象,分别采用传统教学法和TBL教学法开展实验课教学。采用个人准备度测试问卷和自制满意度调查问卷,评价各班学生对实验相关理论知识的掌握程度,以及授课教师和学生对TBL教学法的满意度。结果TBL教学组个人准备度测试评分明显高于传统教学组(P<0.001)。参与TBL教学的学生中,91.2%学生表示TBL教学法很有趣,愿意参与TBL教学;79.2%学生认为TBL教学法能够实现将理论知识运用到实践的教学目标;86.4%学生认为团队学习能够提高学习效率;76.0%学生认为TBL教学法有助于自主学习能力及人群现场工作能力的形成。授课教师均认为,与传统教学法相比,TBL教学法可以调动学生的学习积极性,提高其自主学习能力、表达能力和团队合作能力,丰富课堂内容,促进其相关理论知识的掌握和人群现场工作能力的形成。结论将TBL教学法应用于神经行为学测评实验课教学是一次成功的探索实践。

Leaching kinetics of calcium molybdate with hydrochloric acid in presence of phosphoric acid

Calcium molybdate(CaMoO4)is the main component of powellite and is a predominant intermediate in the pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical process of molybdenum.The extraction of Mo from CaMoO4 by a combination of phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid was investigated.For further understanding of the leaching mechanism,the effects of five key factors were studied to describe the leaching kinetics.The results indicated that the dissolution rate of CaMoO4 was independent of the stirring speed.Mo extraction significantly increased with increasing HCl concentration and temperature,but decreased with increasing particle size.A shrinking core model with surface chemical reaction was found to withstand the dissolution of CaMoO4.The apparent activation energy was calculated to be 70.879 kJ/mol,and a semi-empirical equation was derived for the rate of reaction.

Fabrication of azobenzene-functionalized porous polymers for selective CO_(2) capture

Many solid adsorbents have been prepared for the CO_(2)capture.In particular,the photoresponsive adsorbents have attracted extensive interests because of their tunable pore structure and variable responsive behaviors provoked by the external light.However,it is challenging to fabricate the photoresponsive adsorbents featured the big CO_(2)capacity and high CO_(2)selectivity.Herein,copolymerized between 4-phenylazobenzoyl chloride,2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine and melamine,a series of azobenzenefunctionalized porous polymers(PTM-AZOs)are successfully synthesized.The PTM-AZOs are verified in possession of proper pore structures,large surface area and photoconductive properties through a series of characterization.The PTM-AZO-2 with the trans-isomerization exhibits the best CO_(2)adsorption amount of 2.7 mmol·g^(-1)(273 K and 0.1 MPa),while the CO_(2)/N_(2)selectivity can reach 2459 and 607 on the trans-and cis-isomerization,respectively.The regulatable pore structures controlled by the photoresponsive azobenzene groups affect the CO_(2)capture performance of the PTM-AZOs.

Cobalt recovery and microspherical cobalt tetroxide preparation from ammonia leaching solution of spent lithium-ion batteries

A process for recovering Co and preparing microspherical Co_(3)O_(4)through NH_(3)distillation and phase transformation from ammoniacal solution was investigated.As the basis of thermodynamics,the solubility of Co at different NH_(3)and CO_(3)^(2-)concentrations was studied,and then the effects of different NH_(3)distillation conditions on Co recovery rate were discussed.Over 94%Co and 96%NH_(3)were recovered through NH_(3)distillation,and the cobalt was precipitated in form of cobalt carbonate ammonium compound salt.Through the analysis of the formation mechanism of the precursor,the precipitation process of cobalt could be divided into two stages,and the cobalt precipitation rate was significantly accelerated in the second stage.In phase transformation,the effect of temperature on the roasted product was investigated.The microspherical Co_(3)O_(4)with a microporous structure was prepared at 300°C,and Co_(3)O_(4)with a mesoporous structure and high-spin state was obtained at 750°C.

Fingerprint image segmentation using modified fuzzy c-means algorithm

Fingerprint segmentation is a crucial step in fingerprint recognition system, and determines the results of fingerprint analysis and recognition. This paper proposes an efficient approach for fingerprint segmentation based on modified fuzzy c-means (FCM). The proposed method is realized by modifying the objective function in the Szilagyi’s algorithm via introducing histogram-based weight. Experimental results show that the proposed approach has an efficient performance while segmenting both original fingerprint image and fingerprint images corrupted by different type of noises.

Effect of Bailing capsule combined with Edaravone on immune function, antioxidant function and related factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective:To investigate the effects of Bailing capsule combined with edaravone on immune function, antioxidant function and related factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods:160 patients with COPD who received treatment in the department of respiratory medicine of our hospital from March 2016 to March 2018 were randomly divided into control group and observation group, 80 cases in each group. Patients in the control group received edaravone treatment, while patients in the observation group received bailing capsule combined with edaravone treatment. The levels of T lymphocyte, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were measured and compared before and after treatment.Result: After treatment, the levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+ / CD8+, SOD and NO of patients in the control group and the observation group were significantly higher than those before treatment, while the levels of CD8+ and MDA were significantly lower than those before treatment. The change trend of the levels of T lymphocyte and antioxidant enzyme of patients in the observation group were significantly more obvious than that in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of TGF-β1, TNF-α and MMP-9 of patients in the control group and the observation group decreased significantly, and the change trend of the above factors of patients in the observation group was more obvious than that in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion: Bailing capsule combined with edaravone in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can significantly enhance the immune function and antioxidant function of patients and alleviate inflammation of the body. It has good clinical curative effect.

乙烯反应中的铁配合物催化剂:从概念到产业化

聚烯烃的核心是催化剂,地球上丰度最高的过渡元素铁的配合物在催化乙烯反应中展示了优异性能,本文综述了用于乙烯低聚与聚合的铁配合物催化剂的最新进展.通过调控所用配体的电子效应和空间位阻可以实现乙烯催化性能与所得聚合物微观结构的控制;铁催化剂具有独特的优势,不仅实现α-烯烃制备,而且可以制备高度线性聚乙烯包括制备窄分布的聚乙烯蜡.铁催化剂未来将在高附加值聚乙烯有巨大应用潜力.

Inflammatory response-based subtyping and potential therapeutic strategies for triple-negative breast cancer

objective:Inflammatory response plays a crucial role in the development and treatment of cancer.However,the role of inflammatory response in triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)remains unclear.Based on the heterogeneity of the inflammatory response,we classified TNBC,elucidated its subtype features,and revealed potential therapeutic strategies.Methods:We established inflammatory response subtyping based on the RNA sequencing data of TNBCs derived from a cohort at the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center(FUSCC).Next,we explored the features and potential therapeutic strategies for each subgroup by analyzing transcriptome data.Using a machine-learning method,we validated and generalized the TNBC inflammatory response subtypes in an external dataset.Results:A total of 360 TNBC samples and 88 normal tissues were collected from a cohort at FUSCC.Patients with TNBC were divided into four inflammatory response groups(IRGs)based on the expression of inflammatory response genes:high inflammatory response gene expression with pronounced pyroptosis phenotype and high immune cellinfiltration(IRG 1),low inflammatory response gene expression and low immune cell infiltration(IRG 2),ITGB8 specific inflammatory response with a predominant proliferation phenotype(IRG 3),and low M1/M2 ratio with a marked angiogenesis phenotype(IRG 4).Relapse-free survival(RFS)was better in iRG 1 and 2 and worse in IRG 3 and 4.Owing to their poor prognosis,we mainly focused on IRG 3 and IRG 4 to investigate potential treatment strategies.ITGB8 was highly expressed in IRG 3;thus,targeting ITGB8 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for patients in IRG 3.IRG 4 had a lower M1/M2 ratio and a marked angiogenesis phenotype;therefore,therapeutic strategies,such as anti-angiogenesis or M2 to M1 repolarization of macrophages,could be recommended for these patients.Additionally,we validated and generalized the TNBC inflammatory response subtyping in an external dataset using a machine-learning method.Conclusion:TNBC patients with different inflammatory response subtypes have different characteristics and may need subtype-specific treatment strategies.

Comparative Analysis of Codon Usage Patterns Among Mitochondrion, Chloroplast and Nuclear Genes

In many organisms, the difference in codon usage patterns among genes reflects variation in local base compositional biases and the intensity of natural selection. In this study, a comparative analysis was performed to investigate the characteristics of codon bias and factors in shaping the codon usage patterns among mitochondrion, chloroplast and nuclear genes in common wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）. GC contents in nuclear genes were higher than that in mitochondrion and chloroplast genes. The neutrality and correspondence analyses indicated that the codon usage in nuclear genes would be a result of relative strong mutational bias, while the codon usage patterns of mitochondrion and chloroplast genes were more conserved in GC content and influenced by translation level. The Parity Rule 2 （PR2） plot analysis showed that pyrimidines were used more frequently than purines at the third codon position in the three genomes. In addition, using a new alterative strategy, 11, 12, and 24 triplets were defined as preferred codons in the mitochondrion, chloroplast and nuclear genes, respectively. These findings suggested that the mitochondrion, chloroplast and nuclear genes shared particularly different features of codon usage and evolutionary constraints.

Systems pharmacology dissection of action mechanisms for herbs in osteoporosis treatment

Objective:Osteoporosis has become the biggest cause of non-fatal health issue.Currently,the limitations of traditional anti-osteoporosis drugs such as long-term ill-effects and drug resistance,have raised concerns toward complementary and alternative therapies,particularly herbal medicines and their natural active compounds.Thus,this study aimed to provide an integrative analysis of active chemicals,drug targets and interacting pathways of the herbs for osteoporosis treatment.Methods:Here,we introduced a systematic pharmacology model,combining the absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion(ADME)screening model,drug targeting and network pharmacology,to probe into the therapeutic mechanisms of herbs in osteoporosis.Results:We obtained 86 natural compounds with favorable pharmacokinetic profiles and their 58 targets from seven osteoporosis-related herbs.Network analysis revealed that they probably synergistically work through multiple mechanisms,such as suppressing inflammatory response,maintaining bone metabolism or improving organism immunity,to benefit patients with osteoporosis.Furthermore,experimental results showed that all the five compounds(calycosin,asperosaponin VI,hederagenin,betulinic acid and luteolin)enhanced osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in vitro,which corroborated the validity of this system pharmacology approach.Notably,gentisin and aureusidin among the identified compounds were first predicted to be associated with osteoporosis.Conclusion:Herbs and their natural compounds,being characterized as the classical combination therapies,might be engaged in multiple mechanisms to coordinately improve the osteoporosis symptoms.This work may contribute to offer novel strategies and clues for the therapy and drug discovery of osteoporosis and other complex diseases.

Global gene expression profiling of blast lung injury of goats exposed to shock wave

Purpose:Blast lung injury(BLI)is the most common damage resulted from explosion-derived shock wave in military,terrorism and industrial accidents.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying BLI induced by shock wave are still unclear.Methods:In this study,a goat BLI model was established by a fuel air explosive power.The key genes involved in were identified.The goats of the experimental group were fixed on the edge of the explosion cloud,while the goats of the control group were 3 km far away from the explosive environment.After successful modeling for 24 h,all the goats were sacrificed and the lung tissue was harvested for histopathological observation and RNA sequencing.Gene ontology(GO)and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)analysis were performed to identify the main enriched biological functions of differentially expressed genes(DEGs).Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to verify the consistency of gene expression.Results:Of the sampled goat lungs,895 genes were identified to be significantly differentially expressed,and they were involved in 52 significantly enriched GO categories.KEGG analysis revealed that DEGs were highly enriched in 26 pathways,such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction,antifolate resistance,arachidonic acid metabolism,amoebiasis and bile secretion,JAK-STAT,and IL-17 signaling pathway.Furthermore,15 key DEGs involved in the biological processes of BLI were confirmed by qRTPCR,and the results were consistent with RNA sequencing.Conclusion:Gene expression profiling provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of BLI,which will help to set strategy for treating lung injury and preventing secondary lung injury induced by shock wave.

HALF-TITANOCENE CHLORIDES 2-(BENZIMIDAZOL-2-YL)QUINOLIN-8-OLATES: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ETHYLENE (CO-)POLYMERIZATION BEHAVIOR

A series of half-titanocene chloride 2-（benzimidazol-2-yl）quinolin-8-olates C1-C6 were synthesized by treating the lithium salts of the ligand with CpTiCI3. All the complexes were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and elemental analyses, and the crystal structure of C3 and C6 was measured by X-ray. These half-titanocene complexes showed moderate catalytic activities toward ethylene polymerization （up to 1840 kg·mol-1（Ti）·h-1） when activated with MMAO, affording the high molecular weight polymers. And they also exhibited good activity for copolymerization of ethylene and a-olefin with low content of co-monomer.