Progress in Ti_(3)O_(5):Synthesis,properties and applications

The crystal structure,physical,chemical and phase transition properties of trititanium pentoxide(Ti_(3)O_5)have aroused a broad range of research effort since the 1950s.Different crystalline forms(α,β,γ,δandλ)of Ti_(3)O_5 exhibit various properties.Particularly,reversible phase transitions betweenλ-andβ-Ti_(3)O_5 have been attracting increasing research interest,which brings new potential applications of Ti_(3)O_5 materials in the field of energy and data storage.More recently,Ti_(3)O_5 materials have shown excellent performance in trace detection,microwave absorption and virus adsorption,which has expanded its application fields.Here,the essential properties of different crystal forms of Ti_(3)O_5 are described in detail.An intensive overview of Ti_(3)O_5 preparation methods and applications is comprehensively summarized.

Identification of human cytomegalovirus phosphoprotein 65 in C57BL/6 and BXSB mice as a potential trigger of systemic lupus erythematosus related serum markers

Objective:To investigate the potential role of human cytomegalovirus lower matrix phosphoprotein 65(HCMV-pp65) in murine systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Methods:The prokaryotic plasmid pET-28b-pp65 was constructed to express the HCMVpp65 protein.BXSB mice and C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with pp65 eukarvotic plasmid pcDNA3.0-pp65 intramuscularly 5 times at 2-week intervals,and then the blood of the mice was subsequently collected via the retro-orbital vein.Indirect ELISAs were used to evaluate the concentration of anti-pp65 immunoglobulin G,anti-double-stranded DNA and antinuclear antibodies.lnterleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α were also determined by competitive ELISA.At the same time,3 major SLE-related circulating microRNAs were examined by quantitative RT-PCR.Results:The early production of autoantibodies was observed in pp65-immunized male BXSB as well as C57BL/6 mice.Overexpression of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-a were detected in pp65-immunized male BXSB mice.Quantitative RT-PCR analyses showed that three SLE related microRNAs(microRNA-126,microRNA-125 a,and microRKA-146a) were dovvnrcgulatcd in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of pp65-immunizcd mice.Conclusions:Our findings indicate that HCMV-pp65 immunization strongly triggers the development and progression of" SLE-like disease in both BXSB and C57BL/6 mice,which indicates that the immune responses induced by HCMV-pp65 may be involved in the development of SLE.

Metabolic diversification of anaerobic methanotrophic archaea in a deep-sea cold seep

Anaerobic methanotrophic archaea(ANME)can assimilate methane and govern the greenhouse effect of deep-sea cold seeps.In this study,a total of 13 ANME draft genomes representing five ANME types(ANME-la,ANME-lb,ANME-2a,ANME-2b and ANME-2c),in size between 0.8 and 1.8 Mbp,were obtained from the Jiaolong cold seep in the South China Sea.The small metagenome-assembled genomes(MAGs)contained all the essential pathways for methane oxidization and carbon dioxide fixation.All genes related to nitrate and sulfate reduction were absent from the MAGs,indicating their syntrophic dependence on partner organisms.Aside from acetate secretion and sugar storage,propanoate synthesis pathway,as an alternative novel carbon flow,was identified in all the MAGs and transcriptionally active.Regarding type-specific features of the MAGs,the genes encoding archaellum and bacteria-derived chemotaxis were specific to ANME-2,perhaps for fitness under fluctuation of methane and sulfate concentration flux.Our genomic and transcriptomic results strongly suggested that ANME could carry out simple carbon metabolism from Cl assimilation to C3 biosynthesis in the SCS cold seep,which casts light on a novel approach for synthetic biology.

Freshwater fungi from karst landscapes in China and Thailand

Freshwater fungi comprises a highly diverse group of organisms occurring in freshwater habitats throughout the world.Dur-ing a survey of freshwater fungi on submerged wood in streams and lakes,a wide range of sexual and asexual species were collected mainly from karst regions in China and Thailand.Phylogenetic inferences using partial gene regions of LSU,ITS,SSU,TEF1α,and RPB2 sequences revealed that most of these fungi belonged to Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes and a few were related to Eurotiomycetes.Based on the morphology and multi-gene phylogeny,we introduce four new genera,viz.Aquabispora,Neocirrenalia,Ocellisimilis and Uvarisporella,and 47 new species,viz.Acrodictys chishuiensis,A.effusa,A.pyriformis,Actinocladium aquaticum,Annulatascus tratensis,Aquabispora setosa,Aqualignicola setosa,Aquimassario-sphaeria vermiformis,Ceratosphaeria flava,Chaetosphaeria polygonalis,Conlarium muriforme,Digitodesmium chishuiense,Ellisembia aquirostrata,Fuscosporella atrobrunnea,Halobyssothecium aquifusiforme,H.caohaiense,Hongkongmyces aquisetosus,Kirschsteiniothelia dushanensis,Monilochaetes alsophilae,Mycoenterolobium macrosporum,Myrmecridium splendidum,Neohelicascus griseoflavus,Neohelicomyces denticulatus,Neohelicosporium fluviatile,Neokalmusia aquib-runnea,Neomassariosphaeria aquimucosa,Neomyrmecridium naviculare,Neospadicoides biseptata,Ocellisimilis clavata,Ophioceras thailandense,Paragaeumannomyces aquaticus,Phialoturbella aquilunata,Pleurohelicosporium hyalinum,Pseudodactylaria denticulata,P.longidenticulata,P.uniseptata,Pseudohalonectria aurantiaca,Rhamphoriopsis aquimi-crospora,Setoseptoria bambusae,Shrungabeeja fluviatilis,Sporidesmium tratense,S.versicolor,Sporoschisma atroviride,Stanjehughesia aquatica,Thysanorea amniculi,Uvarisporella aquatica and Xylolentia aseptata,with an illustrated account,discussion of their taxonomic placement and comparison with morphological similar taxa.Seven new combinations are introduced,viz.Aquabispora grandispora(≡Boerlagiomyces grandisporus),A.websteri(≡Boerlagiomyces websteri),Cer-atosphaeria suthepensis(≡Pseudohalonectria suthepensis),Gamsomyces aquaticus(≡Pseudobactrodesmium aquaticum),G.malabaricus(≡Gangliostilbe malabarica),Neocirrenalia nigrospora(≡Cirrenalia nigrospora),and Rhamphoriopsis glauca(≡Chloridium glaucum).Ten new geographical records are reported in China and Thailand and nine species are first reported from freshwater habitats.Reference specimens are provided for Diplocladiella scalaroides and Neocirrenalia nigrospora(≡Cirrenalia nigrospora).Systematic placement of the previously introduced genera Actinocladium,Aqualigni-cola,and Diplocladiella is first elucidated based on the reference specimens and new collections.Species recollected from China and Thailand are also described and illustrated.The overall trees of freshwater Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes collected in this study are provided respectively and genera or family/order trees are constructed for selected taxa.

Freshwater Sordariomycetes

Sordariomycetes is one of the largest classes of Ascomycota that comprises a highly diverse range of fungi mainly characterized by perithecial ascomata and inoperculate unitunicate asci.Freshwater Sordariomycetes play an important role in ecosystems and some of them have the potential to produce bioactive compounds.This study documents and reviews the freshwater Sordariomycetes,which is one of the largest and important groups of fungi in aquatic habitats.Based on evidence from DNA sequence data and morphology,we introduce a new order Distoseptisporales,two new families,viz.Ceratosphaeriaceae and Triadelphiaceae,three new genera,viz.Aquafiliformis,Dematiosporium and Neospadicoides,47 new species,viz.Acrodictys fluminicola,Aquafiliformis lignicola,Aquapteridospora fusiformis,Arthrinium aquaticum,Ascosacculus fusiformis,Atractospora aquatica,Barbatosphaeria lignicola,Ceratosphaeria aquatica,C.lignicola,Chaetosphaeria aquatica,Ch.catenulata,Ch.guttulata,Ch.submersa,Codinaea yunnanensis,Conioscypha aquatica,C.submersa,Cordana aquatica,C.lignicola,Cosmospora aquatica,Cylindrotrichum submersum,Dematiosporium aquaticum,Dictyochaeta cangshanensis,D.ellipsoidea,D.lignicola,D.submersa,Distoseptispora appendiculata,D.lignicola,D.neorostrata,D.obclavata,Hypoxylon lignicola,Lepteutypa aquatica,Myrmecridium aquaticum,Neospadicoides aquatica,N.lignicola,N.yunnanensis,Ophioceras submersum,Peroneutypa lignicola,Phaeoisaria filiformis,Pseudostanjehughesia lignicola,Rhodoveronaea aquatica,Seiridium aquaticum,Sporidesmiella aquatica,Sporidesmium lageniforme,S.lignicola,Tainosphaeria lunata,T.obclavata,Wongia aquatica,two new combinations,viz.Acrodictys aquatica,Cylindrotrichum aquaticum,and 9 new records,viz.Chaetomium globosum,Chaetosphaeria cubensis,Ch.myriocarpa,Cordana abramovii,Co.terrestris,Cuspidatispora xiphiago,Sporidesmiella hyalosperma,Stachybotrys chartarum,S.chlorohalonata.A comprehensive classification of the freshwater Sordariomycetes is presented based on updated literature.Phylogenetic inferences based on DNA sequence analyses of a combined LSU,SSU,RPB2 and TEF1a dataset comprising species of freshwater Sordariomycetes are provided.Detailed information including their habitats distribution,diversity,holotype,specimens collected and classification are provided.