不同时期微创玻璃体切除术治疗伴有视网膜脱离的开放性眼外伤的疗效比较

目的:研究不同手术时期行Ⅱ期微创玻璃体手术治疗伴有视网膜脱离的开放性眼外伤的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2013-12/2018-06中山市小榄人民医院眼科收治的合并视网膜脱离的开放性眼外伤患者共41例41眼,按照Ⅱ期玻璃体切除术时间分为:早期组(伤后≤6d)24眼,常规组(伤后7~14d)17眼。术后随访以6mo为节点,比较两组术后视网膜复位率、增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变(TPVR)发生率、视力、并发症情况。结果:早期组视网膜复位率为92%,常规组为76%,两者无差异(P=0.692)。早期组TPVR发生率低于常规组(P=0.014),术后视力提高程度好于常规组(U=119.5,P=0.0018)。两组并发症发生率无差异。结论:合并视网膜脱离的开放性眼外伤患者伤后6d内行Ⅱ期玻璃体切除术预后相对较好。

Genetic Polymorphism of PSCA and Risk of Advanced Precancerous Gastric Lesions in a Chinese Population

Objective： To evaluate the relationship between the genetic polymorphism of prostate stem cell antigen （PSCA） and the risk of advanced precancerous gastric lesions including intestinal metaplasia（IM） and dysplasia（Dys）, a population-based study was conducted in Linqu County, a high-risk area of gastric cancer （GC） in China. Methods： The prevalence of gastric lesions including superficial gastritis（SG）, chronic atrophic gastritis（CAG）, IM and Dys was determined by histopathologic examination. The genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP） technique. The effects of PSCA genetic variant on the risks of IM and Dys were calculated by unconditional logistic regression. Results： Multivariate analysis revealed subjects carrying PSCA rs2294008 CT/TT genotype were associated with an increased risk of IM （OR=1.38, 95% CI=1.11-1.71） and Dys （OR=1.75, 95% CI=1.36-2.26）, especially for subjects with H.pylori infection （IM： OR=1.34, 95% CI=1.05-1.71; Dys： OR=1.82, 95% CI=1.37-2.42）. Furthermore, H. pylori infection and PSCA rs2294008 CT/TT genotype were observed to jointly elevate the risk of IM （OR=3.32, 95% CI=2.33-4.71） and Dys （OR=4.58, 95% CI=2.99-7.04）. Conclusion： This study suggested that PSCA rs2294008 might have an impact on the risk of IM or Dys among the high risk population of GC.

Indoor tanning bed use and risk of food addiction based on the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale

The popularity of indoor tanning may be partly attributed to the addictive characteristics of tanning for some individuals.We aimed to determine the association between frequent indoor tanning,which we view as a sunogate for tanning addiction,and food addiction.A total of 67,910 women were included from the Nurses＇ Health Study II.In2005,we collected information on indoor tanning during high school/college and age 25-35 years,and calculated the average use of indoor tanning during these periods.Food addiction was defined as ≥3 clinically significant symptoms plus clinically significant impairment or distress,assessed in 2009 using a modified version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale.Totally 23.3%（15,822） of the participants reported indoor tanning at high school/college or age 25-35 years.A total of 5,557（8.2%） women met the criteria for food addiction.We observed a dose-response relationship between frequency of indoor tanning and the likelihood of food addiction（P_（trend）〈 0.0001）,independent of depression,BMI,and other confounders.Compared with never indoor tanners,the odds ratio（95%confidence interval） of food addiction was 1.07（0.99-1.17） for average indoor tanning 1-2 times/year,1.25（1.09-1.43） for 3-5times/year,1.34（1.14-1.56） for 6-11 times/year,1.61（1.35-1.91） for 12-23 times/year,and 2.98（1.95-4.57） for 24 or more times/year.Frequent indoor tanning before or at early adulthood is associated with prevalence of food addiction at middle age.Our data support the addictive property of frequent indoor tanning,which may guide intervention strategies to curb indoor tanning and prevent skin cancer.

Determination of serum inflammatory factors in different pathogenic bloodstream infections and judgment value on the degree of disease severity and prognosis

Objective: To investigate the serum inflammatory cytokines expression in different pathogens and to explore the value of serum inflammatory cytokines in judging the severity of disease and assessing prognosis. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 90 cases of bloodstream infections admitted to our hospital from October 2016 to November 2017 and regarded it as observation group, while the control group was 80 patients with negative blood cultures over the same period. Serum inflammatory factors PCT, C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil percentage (NEUT) and Endotoxin levels were compared between the two groups.The levels of serum inflammatory factors PCT, CRP, WBC, NEUT and Endotoxin in patients with Gram-positive(G+), Gram-negative (G-), treatment improvement and treatment ineffective group were compared. Result: The levels of PCT, CRP, WBC, NEUT and Endotoxin in patients with positive blood flow culture were significantly higher than those with negative blood culture. Compared with the G+ group, the levels of PCT, CRP, WBC and Endotoxin in the G- group were significantly higher. There was no significant difference in the level of NEUT in two groups. Compared with the treatment-ineffective group, the therapeutic improvement group PCT, CRP, WBC, NEUT and Endotoxin levels decreased significantly. The levels of PCT, CRP, WBC,NEUT and endotoxin in patients with moderate and severe bloodstream infections were significantly higher than those with mild infections;the levels of PCT, CRP, WBC, NEUT and endotoxin in patients with moderate infection were significantly higher than those with mild infections, and all has statistical significance. Conclusion:PCT, CRP, WBC, NEUT and Endotoxin can be used as auxiliary diagnostic indicators of bloodstream infections, which can be used to judge the severity of bloodstream infection and evaluate the prognosis.

Rapid Analysis of Polar Components in Ophiocordyceps sinensis by Conventional Liquid Chromatography System

Objective To develop a rapid high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection （HPLC-DAD） method for the simultaneous determination of six polar compounds in Ophiocordyceps sinensis. Methods A poroshell SB Aq column （50 mm × 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm） and gradient elution were used; The detection wavelength of compounds was set at 260 nm. The chromatographic peaks of the six investigated compounds in sample were identified by comparing their retention times with reference compounds. Results All calibration curves showed good linearity （r〉 0.999） within the tested ranges. The intra- and inter-day precisions of the six analytes were less than 0.8% and 2.1%, respectively, and the recoveries of the six analytes were between 95% and 103%. The validated method was successfully applied to the determination of six polar compounds in O. sinensis samples. Conclusion The poroshell SB Aq column is suitable for the rapid analysis of polar components in Chinese materia medica on conventional HPLC system and the developed HPLC method is also helpful to the quality control of O. sinensis.

Recent progress of radiation response in nanostructured tungsten for nuclear application

Engineering materials for nuclear reactors exposed to high-dose irradiation breed various radiation damage,leading to performance degradation of materials,which seriously limits the application of materials in the future advanced nuclear reactors.Tungsten-based materials applied in future nuclear reactors have to withstand not only the attack of high-energy neutron and plasma,but also the repeated impact of steady-state or even transient thermal load.Researches in the past decades have proved that tailored nanostructure have advantage in annihilating radiation defects.With the rapid development of nanostructured tungsten,probing radiation application of nanostructured tungsten is of great significance in promoting the development of novel radiation-resistant materials.Herein,the development status of three kinds of nanostructured tungsten namely nanocrystalline,nanofilm and nanoporous tungsten designed for radiation tolerance and the performance enhancement mechanism of diverse nanostructure in irradiation environment is reviewed.Finally,future perspectives and technical challenges are discussed,to inspire more creative designs of novel nanostructured tungsten for radiation tolerance.

Nicotine Concentration in Leaves of Flue-cured Tobacco Plants as Affected by Removal of the Shoot Apex and Lateral Buds

It is believed that the nicotine concentration in tobacco is closely correlated with the amount of nitrogen （N） supplied. On the other hand, N uptake mainly occurs at the early growth stage, whereas nicotine concentration increases at the late growth stage, especially after removing the shoot apex. To identify the causes of the increased nicotine concentration in tobacco plants, and to compare the effects of different ways of mechanical wounding on nicotine concentration, field experiments were carried out in Fuzhou, Fujian Province in 2003 and 2004. Excision of the shoot apex had almost no influence on N content in the plant; however, it caused dramatic increases in nicotine concentration in leaves, especially in the middle and upper leaves. An additional increase of the nicotine concentration was obtained by removal of axillary buds. The wounding caused by routine leaf harvests, however, did not change the leaf nicotine concentration, and neither did reducing leaf harvest times. The present results revealed no direct relationship between N supply and nicotine concentration in tobacco leaves, and indicate that not all kinds of mechanical wounding were capable of stimulating nicotine synthesis in tobacco plants. Since nicotine production is highly dependent on the removal of apical meristems and hence on the major sources of auxin in the plant, and application of 1-naphthylacetic acid onto the cut surface of the stem after removing the shoot apex markedly decreased the nicotine concentration in different leaves and the total nicotine content in the plant, the results suggest that decreased auxin supply caused by removal of the shoot apex as a kind of mechanical wounding might regulate nicotine synthesis in the roots of tobacco plants.

Characteristics and outcome of impacted button batteries among young children less than 7 years of age in China:a retrospective analysis of 116 cases

Background Ingestion of button batteries occurs in about ten persons per one million persons each year, with most of them children, and one in every 1000 battery ingestions leads to serious injuries. This study aimed to describe the clinical features and outcome of ingestion or inhalation of button batteries in children spanning a decade from January, 2006 to December, 2016 at a tertiary care hospital. Methods We reviewed the clinical records of children who sought treatment for inhaled or ingested button batteries at our hospital during the study period. Data on gender, age, time from ingestion to treatment, site of impaction, imaging findings, and outcomes were retrieved and analyzed. Results We identified 116 pediatric cases of ingestion or inhalation of button batteries. Their mean age was 26 months. The time from ingestion or inhalation of button batteries to treatment was 0.5 hours to 2 weeks. Ninety-seven (83.6%) button batteries were located in the nasal cavity, 13 (11.2%) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract including 6 in the esophagus, and 7 in the stomach and lower GI tract, and 6 (5.2%) in the auditory tract. Twenty-one (21.6%) children with nasal button batteries had preoperative septal perforations and one (1.0%) had postoperative septal perforation. One child with esophageal button battery developed esophageal stricture and one died of sudden cardiac arrest perioperatively. One child had auditory dam-ages in the right tympanic membrane and ossicles. Conclusions Inhalation or ingestion may occur in the nasal cavities, the esophagus and GI tract and the auditory tract. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are required for a satisfactory outcome and ingested or inhaled button batteries require different treatment protocols.

Effect of droplet superficial velocity on mixing efficiency in a microchannel

In this study, droplet characteristics including droplet length and formation time, and mixing efficiency in droplets were investigated via the volume of fluid(VOF) method coupled with a user defined scalar(UDS) model. A cross-shaped junction with a square cross-section was designed and used for droplet formation. An initial arrangement which differed from that of a conventional operation was adopted. Results show that when the droplet superficial velocity is constant, the exchange between the dispersed phase velocity and the continuous phase velocity has a marginal effect on the droplet formation time.However, the exchange has a great effect on droplet length. These findings provide a valuable guide for future operation of droplet formation. In addition, the results show that the mixing efficiency in the droplet forming stage can be classified into time-dominated and length-dominated regimes according to the droplet superficial velocity. When a droplet flows in a microchannel,a higher droplet superficial velocity increases mixing efficiency due to the faster inner circulation and shorter droplet length.