Predictive effect of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory cytokines on symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder

BACKGROUND Generalized anxiety disorder(GAD)is a relatively common mental disorder.Recently,inflammation,an important factor for the development of depression,has attracted increasing attention.Several studies have shown that inflammatory cytokines can affect the pathophysiological processes of several nervous system diseases.We hypothesized that there is a correlation between the levels of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated inflammatory cytokines and the clinical symptoms of GAD.AIM To investigate the predictive effect of LPS-stimulated inflammatory cytokines on symptoms of GAD.METHODS This was a cross-sectional study in which 89 patients with GAD diagnosed at The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2022 to December 2022 and 70 individuals without anxiety and depression(controls)during the same period were included.Fasting venous blood was collected from all the subjects in heparin tubes,and another 3 ml of blood was supplemented with LPS(10 ng/ml).The plasma levels of 12 cytokines[Interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interferon(IFN)-γ,IL-17A,IL-12p70,and IFN-α]were detected.RESULTS Post-LPS stimulation,the levels of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,and TNF-αin both the control and GAD groups were significantly elevated above those in the nonstimulated groups,with IL-6 and IL-8 showing marked increases.Increases in IL-8 and TNF-αwere statistically significant in the GAD group(P<0.05).IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,and TNF-αwere found to be significantly correlated with Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA)scores(P<0.05).A negative correlation was observed between IL-10 levels and HAMA scores.Further analysis revealed that TNF-αwas associated with mental anxiety,whereas IL-1β,IL-8,and IL-10 were associated with physical anxiety symptoms,with IL-10 showing a negative correlation with physical anxiety.IL-6 was associated with both mental and physical aspects of anxiety.CONCLUSION The physical symptoms of GAD are related to inflammatory factors.IL-1β,IL-8,IL-10,and TNF-a can be used as predictors of physical or mental anxiety in patients with GAD.

Cyclotron dynamics of a Bose—Einstein condensate in a quadruple-well potential with synthetic gauge fields

We investigate the cyclotron dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensate(BEC)in a quadruple-well potential with synthetic gauge fields.We use laser-assisted tunneling to generate large tunable effective magnetic fields for BEC.The mean position of BEC follows an orbit that simulated the cyclotron orbits of charged particles in a magnetic field.In the absence of atomic interaction,atom dynamics may exhibit periodic or quasi-periodic cyclotron orbits.In the presence of atomic interaction,the system may exhibit self-trapping,which depends on synthetic gauge fields and atomic interaction strength.In particular,the competition between synthetic gauge fields and atomic interaction leads to the generation of several discontinuous parameter windows for the transition to self-trapping,which is obviously different from that without synthetic gauge fields.

Influence of wettability in immiscible displacements with lattice Boltzmann method

The role of wettability,often characterized by contact angle(θ),in two-phase immiscible phases displacement is not well understood.In this study,the color gradient lattice Boltzmann method(LBM),capable of maintaining the prescribedθ(from 0°to 180°at intervals of 10°)throughout the numerical simulations,was used to investigate the displacement patterns and displacement efficiency in a 2D porous medium.The capillary numbers(Ca)used were 0.01,1,and 100,and the viscosity ratios(M)used were 0.1,1,and 10.At M=10,the saturation(S)had a bilinear relationship withθ,while for M=0.1 and 1,the S-θrelationships were complicated by Ca.A saturation contour in the M-Ca-θspace was proposed to demonstrate the movement of a traditional 2D M-Ca phase diagram withθincrements.The value of S continued to increase after the breakthrough,and the final saturation(0.997)for the hydrophilic condition(θ=10°)was higher than that(0.673)for the hydrophobic condition(θ=170°).