甲状腺未分化癌的研究进展

甲状腺未分化癌(anaplastic thyroid cancer,ATC)是一种罕见的甲状腺肿瘤,约占甲状腺恶性肿瘤的1%~2%,是最具侵袭性的甲状腺癌,可导致显著的发病率和死亡率。高龄、男性、双侧肿瘤、局部浸润和(或)远处转移等是多数ATC患者预后欠佳因素。ATC最佳治疗方案尚未明确,目前虽以手术、放疗、化疗、靶向治疗、免疫治疗等综合治疗为主,然而治疗现状不容乐观。本文通过整理国内外ATC的相关研究,就目前的诊断、治疗方案、近期临床试验结果,以及今后的研究方向等进行综述,为ATC的诊疗决策提供参考。

混凝-絮凝沉淀处理石墨烯废水工艺研究在实验教学中的设计与探索

随着石墨烯产业的兴起,强酸高氟高金属离子废水的排放量也与日俱增。本实验在石墨烯废水处理研究基础上设计了一个综合创新实验。采用了单一混凝、中和混凝、混凝絮凝、中和混凝絮凝四种方式处理石墨烯模拟废水,比较其对氟离子、金属离子等污染物的去除效果,利用离子色谱、X射线粉末衍射仪等对污水中的离子含量与沉淀物进行分析。研究结果表明,氢氧化钠、氢氧化钙与絮凝剂联用效果最佳,其除氟率达98%,金属离子去除率达99.5%,产渣量较传统工艺减少50%以上。该实验操作方便,现象易于观察;实验内容突出理论与实践相结合,不仅充实了实验课程的教学设计,也引导学生熟悉工业生产实际、提高环境保护意识、掌握化学相关软件的使用及数据分析处理的能力,符合应用型本科院校培养学生综合能力的要求。

Acellular nerve allograft promotes selective regeneration

Acellular nerve ailograft preserves the basilar membrane tube and extracellular matrix, which promotes selective regeneration of neural defects via bridging. In the present study, a Sprague Dawley rat sciatic nerve was utilized to prepare acellular nerve allografts through the use of the chemical extraction method. Subsequently, the allograft was transplanted into a 10-mm sciatic nerve defect in Wistar rats, while autologous nerve grafts from Wistar rats served as controls. Compared with autologous nerve grafts, the acellular nerve allografts induced a greater number of degenerated nerve fibers from sural nerves, as well as a reduced misconnect rate in motor fibers, fewer acetylcholine esterase-positive sural nerves, and a greater number of carbonic anhydrase-positive sensory nerve fibers. Results demonstrated that the acellular nerve allograft exhibited significant neural selective regeneration in the process of bridging nerve defects.

A Novel Detection Method for Pavement Crack with Encoder-Decoder Architecture

As a current popular method,intelligent detection of cracks is of great significance to road safety,so deep learning has gradually attracted attention in the field of crack image detection.The nonlinear structure,low contrast and discontinuity of cracks bring great challenges to existing crack detection methods based on deep learning.Therefore,an end-to-end deep convolutional neural network(AttentionCrack)is proposed for automatic crack detection to overcome the inaccuracy of boundary location between crack and non-crack pixels.The AttentionCrack network is built on U-Net based encoder-decoder architecture,and an attention mechanism is incorporated into the multi-scale convolutional feature to enhance the recognition of crack region.Additionally,a dilated convolution module is introduced in the encoder-decoder architecture to reduce the loss of crack detail due to the pooling operation in the encoder network.Furthermore,since up-sampling will lead to the loss of crack boundary information in the decoder network,a depthwise separable residual module is proposed to capture the boundary information of pavement crack.The AttentionCrack net on public pavement crack image datasets named CrackSegNet and Crack500 is trained and tested,the results demonstrate that the AttentionCrack achieves F1 score over 0.70 on the CrackSegNet and 0.71 on the Crack500 in average and outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods.

Protein expression of sensory and motor nerves Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry

The present study utilized samples from bilateral motor branches of the femoral nerve, as well as saphenous nerves, ventral roots, and dorsal roots of the spinal cord, to detect differential protein expression using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and nano ultra-high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry tandem mass spectrometry techniques. A mass spectrum was identified using the Mascot search. Results revealed differential expression of 11 proteins, including transgelin, Ig kappa chain precursor, plasma glutathione peroxidase precursor, an unnamed protein product （gil55628）, gfyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-like protein, lactoylgfutathione lyase, adenyfate kinase isozyme 1, two unnamed proteins products （gil55628 and gi11334163）, and poly（rC）-binding protein 1 in motor and sensory nerves. Results suggested that these proteins played roles in specific nerve regeneration following peripheral nerve injury and served as specific markers for motor and sensory nerves.

Chondroitinase ABC improves recovery of long sciatic nerve defects

Sciatic nerves from allogeneic Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with chondroitinase ABC and were used to bridge damaged sciatic nerves in Wistar rats. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans were removed from the chemically extracted acellular nerves. At 3 months after grafting, the footplate pinch test result was positive in the Wistar rats. Autotorny scores decreased, and increased muscular contraction tension appeared when triceps surae muscles were stimulated. In addition, the recovery rate of wet triceps surae muscle weight increased, and the distal segment of the chondroitinase ABC-treated graft exhibited Schwann cells next to the nerve fibers. These results suggested that chondroitinase ABC pretreatment enhanced repair of long nerve defects via acellular nerve grafting.

A low-power high-quality CMOS image sensor using 1.5 V 4T pinned photodiode and dual-CDS column-parallel single-slope ADC

This paper presents a low-power high-quality CMOS image sensor(CIS)using 1.5 V 4T pinned photodiode(4T-PPD)and dual correlated double sampling(dual-CDS)column-parallel single-slope ADC.A five-finger shaped pixel layer is proposed to solve image lag caused by low-voltage 4T-PPD.Dual-CDS is used to reduce random noise and the nonuniformity between columns.Dual-mode counting method is proposed to improve circuit robustness.A prototype sensor was fabricated using a 0.11μm CMOS process.Measurement results show that the lag of the five-finger shaped pixel is reduced by 80%compared with the conventional rectangular pixel,the chip power consumption is only 36 mW,the dynamic range is 67.3 dB,the random noise is only 1.55 e^(-)_(rms),and the figure-of-merit is only 1.98 e^(-)·nJ,thus realizing low-power and high-quality imaging.

A Catalytic Copper/Cobalt Oxide Interface for Efficient Hydrogen Generation

Metal nanoparticles and metal oxides promisingly provide different catalytic active sites at their interfaces.Constructing high-density interfaces is essential to maximize synergies.Herein,a Cu-Co_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles interfacial structure produced via pyrolysis and moderate oxidation from metal-organic frameworks has been designed to boost the intrinsic activity.The Cu-Co_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles composites exhibit a turnover frequency of 57.5 min−1 for ammonia borane hydrolysis,far higher than those of monometallic Cu and Co_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles,showing the synergistic effect of Cu and Co_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles at their interface.Density functional theory calculations and in situ Raman spectroscopy reveal the catalytic mechanism of dual active sites,in which Co_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles at Cu-Co_(3)O_(4) interface efficiently bind and activate water molecules and Cu nanoparticles easily activate NH3BH3 molecules.This study opens up a new pathway for achieving high-efficiency noble metal-free catalysts for hydrogen generation and other heterogeneous catalysis.

Heteroclinic cycles in a new class of four-dimensional discontinuous piecewise affine systems

It is a huge challenge to give an existence theorem for heteroclinic cycles in the high-dimensional discontinuous piecewise systems（DPSs）. This paper first provides a new class of four-dimensional（4 D） two-zone discontinuous piecewise affine systems（DPASs）, and then gives a useful criterion to ensure the existence of heteroclinic cycles in the systems by rigorous mathematical analysis. To illustrate the feasibility and efficiency of the theory, two numerical examples, exhibiting chaotic behaviors in a small neighborhood of heteroclinic cycles, are discussed.

Application of cloud multi-spectral radiances in revealing cloud physical structures

The radiances scattered or emitted by clouds demonstrate diverse features at different wavelengths due to different cloud physical structures. This paper presents a method(the smallest-radiance-distance method, SRaDM) of revealing the physical structures of clouds. The method is based on multi-spectral radiances measured by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)onboard Aqua. The principle and methodology of SRaDM is deduced and provided in this paper. Correlation analysis based on data from MODIS and Cloud Profiling Radar(onboard CloudSat), collected from January 2007 to December 2010 over an ocean area(15°N–45°N,145°E–165°E), led to selection of radiances at 13 wavebands of MODIS that demonstrated high sensitivity to cloud physical structures;radiances at the selected wavebands were subjected to SRaDM. The Standardized Euclidean distance is introduced to quantify the degree of changes in multi-spectral radiances(termed D_(rd)) and in physical structures(termed D_(st)) between cloud profiles. Statistics based on numerous cloud profiles show that D_(rd) decreases monotonically with a decrease in D_(st), which implies that small D_(rd) always accompanies small D_(st). According to the law of D_(rd) and D_(st), the new method, SRaDM, for revealing physical structures of clouds from the collocation of cloud profiles of similar multi-spectral radiances, is presented. Then, two successful experiments are presented in which cloud physical structures are captured using multi-spectral radiances. SRaDM provides a way to obtain knowledge of the physical structures of clouds over relatively larger areas, and is a new approach to obtaining 3D cloud fields.

Management Implications of Aquifer Fractures on Ecosystem and Habitat Suitability for Panthers in Southern Florida

Our case study analyzed the proximity of previously mapped fractures in the aquifer matrix to 93 Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi) dens mapped from 2007-2016 in south Florida. Dens occurred in five counties (Collier = 77, Dade = 1, Hendry = 9, Lee = 5, and Monroe = 1) and three sub-basins of the Greater Everglades Basin (Big Cypress Swamp = 83, Caloosahatchee = 3, and Everglades = 7). Fractured aquifers occur worldwide, but are not the focus of habitat suitability studies, despite evidence that fractures influence plant species composition and density. Habitat alterations can occur many kilometers from the surface footprint of groundwater alterations in the regional Floridan aquifer system via preferential flow through fractures. Increased natural discharge from and recharge to the aquifer occur at fracture intersections. Greater induced recharge and habitat changes also may occur at fracture intersections. All dens were within 5 km of a previously mapped fracture;36% and 74% were within 1 km and 2 km, respectively, of those fractures;and 47%, 74%, and 90% of dens were within 2 km, 3.25 km and 5 km, respectively, from the nearest fracture intersection. Results suggest fractures influence the suitability and/or availability of habitat for panther dens, selection of den sites, and availability as well as abundance of high quality prey items essential for the nutritional demands of successfully rearing panther kittens in the wild. We recommend more detailed investigations of: a) vegetation characteristics near dens, b) groundwater alterations and cumulative impacts of those alterations associated with fractures in panther habitat (e.g., altered plant species composition and density), and c) influence of aquifer fractures in all habitats underlain by fractures.

The Correlation of Lung Function Indexes and Survival Time of Patients with Advanced Lung Cancer

Background: To those patients with advanced lung cancer, the ultimate objective is to improve the quality of life, and lung function is an important factor affecting quality of life. We detect lung function of patients with lung cancer and study the correlation between lung function and the patients’ survival time, to provide reference for evaluation of disease progression and prognosis. Methods: Lung function was detected on 59 cases of lung cancer and 63 normal controls. The relationship between lung function indexes and survival time was analyzed. Results: There was significant difference in ventilation function and diffusing capacity between lung cancer group and control group. Vital capacity (VC), Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), Forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), peak expiratory flow% (PEF%), Maximal ventilatory volume (MVV) were positively correlated to survival time in patients with advanced lung cancer (r = 0.28522064, 0.28053851, 0.28289252, 0.26908133, 0.26335034, 0.28409036, P 0.05), residual volume/total lung capacity was negatively correlated to survival time (r = ?0.30760097, P 0.05). Conclusions: The lung function decrease in the patients with lung cancer. Vital capacity (VC), Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), Forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), peak expiratory flow% (PEF%), Maximal ventilatory volume (MVV), and residual volume/total lung capacity are correlated to survival time in patients with advanced lung cancer. The lung function indexes are important marker of prognosis of patients with lung cancer.

How to Enhance the Brand Competitiveness of Ginseng Enterprises?

At present,brand competitiveness has become an important symbol of the competitiveness of enterprises. It has important significance for ginseng enterprises to enhance the brand competitiveness as well as the market competitiveness. So first of all,the study makes the actual investigation of ginseng and ginseng market consumers. On the basis of the survey,this paper makes the correct evaluation using analytic hierarchy process(AHP) on the main factors influencing ginseng enterprise brand competitiveness. Based on the analysis results,the paper puts forward recommendations to improve the brand competitiveness of ginseng enterprises.

Application of Earned Value Method in Project Cost Management and Schedule Management

At present,with the rapid development of China's economy,the development of the construction industry has made a new breakthrough.Project management requires the construction industry to continuously play its role and value in improving the ability of project management.Earned value method,which is an important way in the field of project management,enables whole project management to rise to a new height.The specific principle of earned value method will be elaborated by fully introducing the specific role of earned value method in engineering projects to provide a reference and basis for practitioners to improve their management ability.

一例携带BRCA1 p.R166fs新突变位点的结肠癌病例报道

结直肠癌是由复杂的遗传多步骤分子途径引起的。乳腺癌易感基因1(BRCA1)是著名的肿瘤易感基因,其报道多集中在乳腺癌和卵巢癌的遗传易感性方面,但BRCA1胚系突变相关结直肠癌研究还处于起始阶段,其发病原因及机制不详,目前尚无统一、规范的诊治指南。本文报道了1例BRCA1 p.R166fs新突变位点的结肠癌病例,并通过回顾相关的历史文献,对该疾病的发病机制及预后等问题进行了讨论。

Tumor microenvironment-activated theranostic nanoreactor for NIR-II Photoacoustic imaging-guided tumor-specific photothermal therapy

Theranostic agents that can be sensitively and specifically activated by the tumor microenvironment(TME)have recently attracted considerable attention.In this study,TME-activatable 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)-copper peroxide(CuO_(2))@poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)@red blood cell membrane(RBCM)(TCPR)nanoparticles(NPs)for second near-infrared photoacoustic imaging-guided tumor-specific photothermal therapy were developed by co-loading CuO_(2)NPs and TMB into PLGA camouflaged by RBCMs.As an efficient H_(2)O_(2)supplier,once exposed to a proton-rich TME,CuO_(2)NPs can generate H_(2)O_(2)and Cu^(2+),which are further reduced to Cu^(+) by endogenous glutathione.Subsequently,the Cu^(+)-mediated Fenton-like reaction produces cytotoxic·OH to kill the cancer cells and induce TMB-mediated photoacoustic and photothermal effects.Combined with the RBCM modification-prolonged blood circulation,TCPR NPs display excellent specificity and efficiency in suppressing tumor growth,paving the way for more accurate,safe,and efficient cancer theranostics.

一种来源于红螺菌科细菌新型卤醇脱卤酶的克隆表达及其酶学性质鉴定

作为一类多功能生物催化剂,卤醇脱卤酶在手性β-取代醇和环氧化合物合成应用方面备受关注。目前催化功能较为清楚的卤醇脱卤酶不足40种,且绝大部分催化性能并不能满足科学研究和实际应用的要求,因此挖掘并鉴定更多的卤醇脱卤酶具有重要意义。本文克隆表达了来源于红螺菌科细菌Rhodospirillaceaebacterium中一个假定卤醇脱卤酶(HHDH-Ra)并对其催化特性以及酶学性质进行研究。将HHDH-Ra基因克隆到表达宿主大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21(DE3),结果显示目的蛋白为可溶性表达。底物特异性研究显示HHDH-Ra对1,3-二氯-2-丙醇(1,3-DCP)和4-氯-3-羟基丁酸乙酯(CHBE)具有良好的特异性。以1,3-DCP为反应底物获得HHDH-Ra的最适pH和最适温度分别为8.0和30℃。pH稳定性结果显示HHDH-Ra在pH 6.0-8.0具有较好的稳定性且经过100 h处理以后仍能保持70%左右的酶活。温度稳定性结果显示HHDH-Ra在30℃、40℃条件下的半衰期为60h,且当温度提高到50℃时,该酶的半衰期仍有20h,远高于已报道的酶。因此,来源于Rhodospirillaceae bacterium新型卤醇脱卤酶具有较好的温度、pH稳定性以及催化活性,在合成关键化学、医药中间体中具有一定的应用潜力。

Carbon-supported high-entropy Co-Zn-Cd-Cu-Mn sulfide nanoarrays promise high-performance overall water splitting

Transition metal sulfides with homogeneous multi-metallic elements promise high catalytic performance for water electrolysis owing to the unique structure and highly tailorable electrochemical property.Most existing synthetic routes require high temperature to ensure the uniform mixing of various elements,making the synthesis highly challenging.Here,for the first-time novel carbon fiber supported high-entropy Co-Zn-Cd-Cu-Mn sulfide(CoZnCdCuMnS@CF)nanoarrays are fabricated by the mild cation exchange strategy.Benefiting from the synergistic effect among multiple metals and the strong interfacial bonding between high-entropy Co-Zn-Cd-Cu-Mn sulfide nanoarrays and the carbon fiber support,CoZnCdCuMnS@CF exhibits superior catalytic activity and stability toward overall water splitting in alkaline medium.Impressively,CoZnCdCuMnS@CF only needs low overpotentials of 173 and 220 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA•cm^(−2),with excellent durability for over 70 and 113 h for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)respectively.More importantly,the bifunctional electrode(CoZnCdCuMnS@CF||CoZnCdCuMnS@CF)for overall water splitting can deliver a small cell voltage of 1.63 V to afford 10 mA•cm^(−2) and exhibit outstanding stability of negligible decay after 73 h continuous operation.This work provides a viable synthesis route toward advanced high-entropy materials with great potential applications.

Substantial thermoelectric enhancement achieved by manipulating the band structure and dislocations in Ag and La co-doped SnTe

Eco-friendly SnTe based thermoelectric materials are intensively studied recently as candidates to replace PbTe;yet the thermoelectric performance of SnTe is suppressed by its intrinsically high carrier concentration and high thermal conductivity.In this work,we confirm that the Ag and La co-doping can be applied to simultaneously enhance the power factor and reduce the thermal conductivity,contributing to a final promotion of figure of merit.On one hand,the carrier concentration and band offset between valence bands are concurrently reduced,promoting the power factor to a highest value of-2436μW·m^(-1)·K^(-2) at 873 K.On the other hand,lots of dislocations(~3.16×10^(7)mm^(-2))associated with impurity precipitates are generated,resulting in the decline of thermal conductivity to a minimum value of 1.87 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1) at 873 K.As a result,a substantial thermoelectric performance enhancement up to zT≈1.0 at 873 K is obtained for the sample Sn0.94Ag0.09La0.05Te,which is twice that of the pristine SnTe(zT≈0.49 at 873 K).This strategy of synergistic manipulation of electronic band and microstructures via introducing rare earth elements could be applied to other systems to improve thermoelectric performance.

Rational design of asymmetric atomic Ni-P1N3 active sites for promoting electrochemical CO_(2)reduction

The atomic-level interfacial regulation of single metal sites through heteroatom doping can significantly improve the characteristics of the catalyst and obtain surprising activity.Herein,nickel single-site catalysts(SSCs)with dual-coordinated phosphorus and nitrogen atoms were developed and confirmed(denoted as Ni-PxNy,x=1,2 and y=3,2).In CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),the CO current density on Ni-PxNy was significantly higher than that of Ni-N4 catalyst without phosphorus modification.Besides,Ni-P1N3 performed the highest CO Faradaic efficiency(FECO)of 85.0%–98.0%over a wide potential range of−0.65 to−0.95 V(vs.the reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)).Experimental and theoretical results revealed that the asymmetric Ni-P1N3 site was beneficial to CO_(2)intermediate adsorption/desorption,thereby accelerating the reaction kinetics and boosting CO_(2)RR activity.This work provides an effective method for preparing well-defined dual-coordinated SSCs to improve catalytic performance,targetting to CO_(2)RR applications.