高频胸壁振荡排痰仪对单孔胸腔镜肺叶切除术后肺功能的影响

背景与目的高频胸壁振荡排痰仪(high-frequency chest wall oscillatory, HFCWO)是一种新型的辅助排痰装置,但其相关的作用效果仍不明确。本研究通过比较高频胸壁振荡排痰仪使用前后患者排痰量的变化,进一步探讨高频胸壁振荡排痰仪对单孔胸腔镜(single port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy, S-VATS)肺叶切除术后肺功能和血气分析的影响。方法收集2017年1月-2017年12月于苏州大学附属第二医院行S-VATS肺叶切除术患者共90例,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组45例。实验组患者采用高频胸壁振动排痰仪排痰,对照组采用常规拍背排痰。检测两组术后前5天的排痰量以及两组术前、术后第7天肺功能和动脉血气分析。结果实验组治疗后排痰量均多于对照组,且术后第1天、第2天、第3天比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术前第1秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in one second, FEV1)、用力肺活量(forced vital capacity, FVC)及PaO2比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后两组FEV1、FVC及PaO2均较术前下降(P<0.05);但实验组FEV1、FVC及PaO2均高于对照组(P<0.05);两组术前、术后PaCO2比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 S-VATS肺叶切除术后给予高频胸壁振荡排痰仪可以显著提高排痰量,改善肺功能和缺氧状态,临床疗效满意。

高流量湿化氧疗对单孔胸腔镜下肺叶切除术后患者的疗效分析

背景与目的部分胸外科患者术后拔除气管插管后并发低氧血症,常表现为Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭,改善低氧血症是促进患者术后康复的重要因素之一。本研究通过比较经鼻高流量湿化氧疗(high-flow nasal oxygen therapy,HFNO)、无创辅助通气(noninvasive mechanical ventilation,NIMV)及鼻导管吸氧(nasal oxygen breath,NOB)在单孔胸腔镜下肺叶切除术后并发低氧血症患者中的应用,探讨不同吸氧方式的优缺点,进一步探究HFNO在该类患者中的治疗效果。方法选取2021年6月-2022年3月在苏州大学附属第二医院接受单孔胸腔镜下肺叶切除术后并发低氧血症的患者180例,随机分为三组(n=60),分别采用HFNO、NIMV及NOB治疗。观察各组患者使用前、使用1h、使用6 h-12 h及停止使用后的动脉血气分析结果、患者舒适度以及并发症发生率,并使用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计分析,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果对于单孔胸腔镜下肺叶切除术后并发低氧血症的患者,HFNO的治疗效果不逊于NIMV(P=0.333),相较于NOB,HFNO与NIMV均可较快提升患者的氧合指数(partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspiration O_(2),PaO_(2)/FiO_(2))(P<0.001)。除此之外,:HFNO在患者使用舒适度、住院时间方面表现出绝对优势(P<0.001,P=0.004),术后并发症较其他两组略有降低(P=0.232),但对于术后低氧血症并发动脉血二氧化碳分压(partial pressure of carbon dioxide,PaCO_(2))升高的患者,HFNO的治疗效果仍稍逊色于NIMV。结论对于单孔胸腔镜下肺叶切除术后并发低氧血症的患者,HFNO可作为首选治疗方式;但对于术后低氧血症伴随PaCO_(2)升高的患者,仍推荐使用NIMV改善氧合。

New Progress regarding the Use of Lactic Acid Bacteria as Live Delivery Vectors, Treatment of Diseases and Induction of Immune Responses in Different Host Species Focusing on <i>Lactobacillus</i>Species

Lactobacillus species are non-spore-forming, gram-positive bacteria and lactic acid producing bacteria (LAPB) that naturally inhabit the human and animal gastrointestinal and mouth organs. The aim of this review was to evaluate the new progress regarding the use of Lactobacillus species as live delivery vectors, prevention, and treatment of pathogenic and metabolic diseases. Lactobacillus strains of probiotics have been extensively studied and have confirmed that they can absolutely improve performance as live delivery vectors, a treatment option of various diseases such as: Hemorrhagic cecal coccidiosis in young poultry, hypertension, avian flu, obesity, diabetes, Derzsy’s disease or parvovirus infection, human immunodeficiency virus infections, irritable bowel syndrome, gastrointestinal disorders, Fungal infections, vaginal eubiosis, fish and shellfish species diseases. We give you an idea about that Lactobacillus species have been proficient in preventing and treating both disorders in animal models and some are used for clinical trials. We present the most current studies on the use of Lactobacillus strains that had an impact on an effective immune response to a specific antigen because a variety of antigens have been expressed. Therefore Lactobacillus strains can be considered as good candidates because of its potential for diseases treatment and vaccine development as heterologous protein secretion to date.

Cyber-Physical Production Systems for Data-Driven,Decentralized,and Secure Manufacturing-A Perspective

With the concepts of Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing gaining popularity,there is a growing notion that conventional manufacturing will witness a transition toward a new paradigm,targeting innovation,automation,better response to customer needs,and intelligent systems.Within this context,this review focuses on the concept of cyber–physical production system(CPPS)and presents a holistic perspective on the role of the CPPS in three key and essential drivers of this transformation:data-driven manufacturing,decentralized manufacturing,and integrated blockchains for data security.The paper aims to connect these three aspects of smart manufacturing and proposes that through the application of data-driven modeling,CPPS will aid in transforming manufacturing to become more intuitive and automated.In turn,automated manufacturing will pave the way for the decentralization of manufacturing.Layering blockchain technologies on top of CPPS will ensure the reliability and security of data sharing and integration across decentralized systems.Each of these claims is supported by relevant case studies recently published in the literature and from the industry;a brief on existing challenges and the way forward is also provided.

African swine fever virus MGF505-3R inhibits cGAS-STING-mediated IFN-βpathway activation by degrading TBK1

African swine fever virus(ASFV)is an important pathogen causing acute infectious disease in domestic pigs and wild boars that seriously endangers the global swine industry.As ASFV is structurally complex and encodes a large number of functional proteins,no effective vaccine has been developed to date.Thus,dissecting the mechanisms of immune escape induced by ASFV proteins is crucial.A previous study showed that the ASFV-encoded protein is an important factor in host immunity.In this study,we identified a negative regulator,MGF505-3R,that significantly downregulated cGAS/STING-and poly(dG:dC)-mediated IFN-βand interferon stimulation response element(ISRE)reporter activity and suppressed IFNB1 and IFIT2 mRNA levels.In addition,TBK1,IRF3 and IκBαphosphorylation levels were also inhibited.Mechanistically,MGF505-3R interacted with cGAS/TBK1/IRF3 and targeted TBK1 for degradation,thereby disrupting the cGAS-STING-mediated IFN-βsignaling pathway,which appears to be highly correlated with autophagy.Knockdown MGF505-3R expression enhanced IFN-βand IL-1βproduction.Taken together,our study revealed a negative regulatory mechanism involving the MGF505-3R-cGAS-STING axis and provided insights into an evasion strategy employed by ASFV that involves autophagy and innate signaling pathways.

Influential factors on the repose angle of desert sands

The repose angle is one of the most significant macroscopic parameters in describing the behavior of granular materials. Under a static condition, the repose angle is the steepest angle at which sediment particles can rest without motion. In this paper, we use existing data and aeolian physics to analyze the main factors that influence the repose angle of sand dunes, and we investigate different repose angles involving various states and types of materials. We have determined that different factors have differential influence on the magnitude of the repose angle. Our results show that for powdery （〈400-μm diameter） desert sands, the main influential factor on the magnitude of repose angle is the molecular force among particles. Particle size does not influence the repose angle of desert sands directly, but has an indirect impact by affecting the grit sphericity and surface roughness, of which the grit sphericity acts as a major factor. Even at the same average particle size, the repose angle differs with different grain compositions. Furthermore, with increasing unevenness in grain composition, the repose angle increases correspondingly. Sand texture also has a direct influence on the repose angle of desert sands. In two sand samples having the same grain composition but different textures, the repose angles may be different. Water content has a stronger influence on the repose angle than any other factor. However, the relationship between the repose angle and water content is not a simple direct proportion. In fact, with increasing water content, the repose angle first increases and then decreases. These research results will be useful for understanding the mechanisms of dune transport, variations of dune morphology, and the stability and fluidity of dune sands.

Research on Traffic Accessibility and Transportation Integration Level of Chang-Zhu-Tan City Group in China

Aiming at the problem of lack of data model to analyze the level of transportation integration, the paper taking Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group of China as the research object, based on the Gravity measurement model, transportation comprehensive distance model, weighted road density model, analysis of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group accessibility and transportation integration level. A new method to measure the level of traffic integration is proposed and verified by the road network data and socio-economic data of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group. The results show that: Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group traffic accessibility was “point to surface” shape distribution, taking the core region of Changsha as the optimal, Xiangtan, Zhuzhou, Changsha County next, in remote Yanling County, Chaling county has the lowest accessibility;the correlation between traffic network connection degree and economic connection degree reached 0.871, indicating that the transportation integration level of urban agglomerations has a high degree of fit with the level of economic integration. The research results on the one hand for the Chang-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration traffic present situation to make an annotation;on the other hand, that provide a reference for further optimization of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration traffic planning.

Innate Cytokine Responses and Toll-Like Receptor Induced by Recombinant Porcine Rotavirus VP6 and VP7 Proteins Expressing in <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>NC8 Strain Colonization in Mice

The significant function of Toll-like receptors (TLR) is the detection of microbes by host guard cells that guide to the innate immune responses and to the successive adaptive. The current study patterns of TLR2, TLR3 and TLR9 expressing antigen presenting cells (APCs) in blood of mice after colonization with L. plantarum NC8 strain were assessed. The power of L. plantarum on serum innate cytokine and TLR responses stimulated by recombinant NC8-pSIP409-pgsA-VP6-DCpep, NC8-pSIP409-pgsA-VP7-DCpep and NC8-pSIP409-pgsA were also assessed. We confirmed that L. plantarum NC8 stimulated powerful TLR2 expressing APC responses in blood Recombinant strain stimulated a TLR3 response in spleen, and TLR9 responses were stimulated in blood or in spleen. Recombinant NC8-pSIP409-pgsA-VP6-DCpep, NC8-pSIP409-pgsA-VP7-DCpep on TLR2 and TLR9 expressing APC responses has a preservative outcome, reliable with the DCpep adjuvant outcome. In serum the recombinant NC8-pSIP409-pgsA-VP6-DCpep, NC8-pSIP409-pgsA-VP7-DCpep has increased the IL-4 and IFN-γ responses, except that on the TLR3 and TLR9 expressing CD14 APC responses it had an oppressive consequence in spleen and the IFN-α response in serum-stimulated by PRV. Our results give details that following PRV infection after immunization with NC8-pSIP409-pgsA-VP6-DCpep, NC8-pSIP409-pgsA-VP7-DCpep, the systemic TLR2, TLR3, and TLR9 expressing cDC and macrophage/monocyte responses.

Landslide Research from the Perspectives of Qinling Mountains in China:A Critical Review

Landslides pose a frequent geological threat,endangering both productivity and the wellbeing of human life and property.In recent years,landslides have received widespread attention in various fields.This article presents a comprehensive review of landslide research in the Qinling Mountains,China.The first part introduces landslide investigation and inventory,which include manual visual interpretation and automatic landslide extraction.The second part discusses the types,characteristics,and temporal-spatial distribution of landslides in the Qinling Mountains.In the third part,the mechanisms and stability analysis of landslides are explored,along with a discussion of the applicability of various simulation methods.The fourth part focuses on significant studies related to landslide evaluation,including susceptibility,hazard,and risk assessment.The fifth part addresses landslide monitoring and early warning systems.Finally,an assessment is made of the current issues and research status concerning landslide studies in the Qinling Mountains,followed by a discussion on future research directions.

A Heterogeneous Sampling Strategy to Model Earthquake‑Triggered Landslides

Regional modeling of landslide hazards is an essential tool for the assessment and management of risk in mountain environments.Previous studies that have focused on modeling earthquake-triggered landslides report high prediction accuracies.However,it is common to use a validation strategy with an equal number of landslide and non-landslide samples,scattered homogeneously across the study area.Consequently,there are overestimations in the epicenter area,and the spatial pattern of modeled locations does not agree well with real events.In order to improve landslide hazard mapping,we proposed a spatially heterogeneous non-landslide sampling strategy by considering local ratios of landslide to non-landslide area.Coseismic landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake on the eastern Tibetan Plateau were used as an example.To assess the performance of the new strategy,we trained two random forest models that shared the same hyperparameters.The frst was trained using samples from the new heterogeneous strategy,and the second used the traditional approach.In each case the spatial match between modeled and measured(interpreted)landslides was examined by scatterplot,with a 2 km-by-2 km fshnet.Although the traditional approach achieved higher AUC_(ROC)(0.95)accuracy than the proposed one(0.85),the coefcient of determination(R^(2))for the new strategy(0.88)was much higher than for the traditional strategy(0.55).Our results indicate that the proposed strategy outperforms the traditional one when comparing against landslide inventory data.Our work demonstrates that higher prediction accuracies in landslide hazard modeling may be deceptive,and validation of the modeled spatial pattern should be prioritized.The proposed method may also be used to improve the mapping of precipitation-induced landslides.Application of the proposed strategy could beneft precise assessment of landslide risks in mountain environments.

基于地理环境相似度的长江经济带入侵物种虚拟负样本生成方法

入侵物种空间分布建模的核心数据源来源于物种多样性采样(物种出现点和未出现点),然而,大多数入侵物种标本库只记录物种出现点样本信息,缺乏对未出现点(负样本)位置的记录。因此,生成有效的入侵物种虚拟负样本是建立物种空间分布模型的关键。本文提出了一种基于地理环境相似度的虚拟负样本生成方法。首先利用主成分分析(PCA)方法对地理环境原始变量进行线性相关性建模,基于提取的主成分,采用K-means算法对入侵物种样本进行聚类分析并计算各样本的地理环境相似度。在此基础上,通过建立基于主成分的入侵物种相似性度量与可信度计算框架来识别虚拟负样本。以长江经济带入侵物种一年蓬(Erigeron annuus)数据集为例,分析了整个区域虚拟负样本的可信度。结果表明,与空间随机采样和单类支持向量机采样相比,用本研究提出的方法生成的样本数据建立的logistic回归和支持向量机预测结果更优,验证了该方法的可行性与有效性。基于地理环境相似度的虚拟负样本抽样策略有助于解决由于随机采样而引起的误采样到潜在入侵点的难题,同时负样本的可信度能有助于识别不同等级的入侵物种适应区。

Identify Landslide Precursors from Time Series InSAR Results

Landslides cause huge human and economic losses globally.Detecting landslide precursors is crucial for disaster prevention.The small baseline subset interferometric synthetic-aperture radar(SBAS-InSAR)has been a popular method for detecting landslide precursors.However,non-monotonic displacements in SBAS-InSAR results are pervasive,making it challenging to single out true landslide signals.By exploiting time series displacements derived by SBAS-InSAR,we proposed a method to identify moving landslides.The method calculates two indices(global/local change index)to rank monotonicity of the time series from the derived displacements.Using two thresholds of the proposed indices,more than 96%of background noises in displacement results can be removed.We also found that landslides on the east and west slopes are easier to detect than other slope aspects for the Sentinel-1 images.By repressing background noises,this method can serve as a convenient tool to detect landslide precursors in mountainous areas.

电子废弃物机械-物理协同强化资源化利用的研究进展

电子废弃物组成复杂,含有金属相、有机物、氧化物材料等;其结合方式复杂,有黏结、螺丝连接、焊锡固定和卡扣连接等。在这些复杂的成分之中不仅含有多种稀贵金属而且还包含像铅、镉等多种有毒的重金属和各种溴化阻燃剂等有毒的有机物。这些电子废弃物如果不能进行有效回收,将会对环境造成巨大的危害,同时电子废弃物中稀贵金属的含量远高于自然矿物,因此回收电子废弃物中稀贵金属将能有效地缓解自然资源日益紧张的局面。与传统的化学回收方法相比,机械物理的回收方法具有操作简单、经济效益好、环境污染小等优点,被广泛应用于电子废弃物的回收过程。本工作概述了近年来电子废弃物机械物理资源化利用的研究进展,对机械物理回收的各个过程进行了系统地总结,包括前期的拆解和破碎过程以及最重要的物理分选技术,通过对不同分选技术优缺点的比较,指出对破碎产物进行形态调控将极大地提高机械物理处理的回收效率。要点:(1)综述了基于机械-物理协同强化的方式回收电子废弃物的研究进展。(2)重点分析了电子废弃物预处理、破碎和分选的主要方法。(3)提出了在对物料进行分选之前进行形态调控的研发建议。

Fabrication of Fe nanocomplex pillared few-layered Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene with enhanced rate performance for lithium-ion batteries

Pillaring technologies have been considered as an effective way to improve lithium storage performance of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene.Nevertheless,the pillared hybrids suffer from sluggish Li^(+)diffusion kinetics and electronic transportation due to the compact multi-layered MXene structure,thus exhibiting inferior rate performance.Herein,the few-layered Ti_(3)O_(2)MXene(f-Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene)which is free from restacking can be prepared quickly based on the NH4^(+)ions method.Besides,Fe nanocomplex pillared few-layered Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)(FPTC)heterostructures are fabricated via the intercalation of Fe ions into the interlayer of f-Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene.The f-Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene which is immune to restacking can provide a highly conductive substrate for the rapid transport of Li+ions and electrons and possess adequate electrolyte accessible area.Moreover,f-Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene can efficiently relieve the aggregation,prevent the pulverization and buffer the large volume change of Fe nanocomplex during lithiation/delithiation process,leading to enhanced charge transfer kinetics and excellent structural stability of FPTC composites.Consequently,the FPTC hybrids exhibit a high capacity of 535 mAh·g^(-1)after 150 cycles at 0.5 A·g^(-1)and an enhanced rate performance with 310 mAh·g^(-1)after 850 cycles at 5 A·g^(-1).This strategy is facile,universal and can be extended tofabricate various few-layered MXene-derived hybrids with superior rate capability.

A novel method for discovering spatio-temporal clusters of different sizes, shapes, and densities in the presence of noise

The discovery of spatio-temporal clusters in complex spatio-temporal data-sets has been a challenging issue in the domain of spatio-temporal data mining and knowledge discovery.In this paper,a novel spatio-temporal clustering method based on spatio-temporal shared nearest neighbors(STSNN)is proposed to detect spatio-temporal clusters of different sizes,shapes,and densities in spatiotemporal databases with a large amount of noise.The concepts of windowed distance and shared nearest neighbor are utilized to define a novel spatiotemporal density for a spatio-temporal entity with definite mathematical meanings.Then,the density-based clustering strategy is employed to uncover spatio-temporal clusters.The spatio-temporal clustering algorithm developed in this paper is easily implemented and less sensitive to density variation among spatio-temporal entities.Experiments are undertaken on several simulated datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantage of the STSNN algorithm.Also,the real-world applications on two seismic databases show that the STSNN algorithm has the ability to uncover foreshocks and aftershocks effectively.

Highly efficient Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4) bifacial solar cell via a composition gradient strategy through the molecular ink

The use of transparent conducting oxide(TCO)as a substrate in Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)thin-film solar cells allows for advanced applications,such as bifacial,semitransparent,and tandem solar cells with the capability to increase power density generation.However,the efficiency of this kind of solar cell is still below 6% based on the low-cost solution process.In this work,we develop a composition gradient strategy and demonstrate a 6.82% efficient CZTSSe solar cell on F:SnO_(2)(FTO)substrate under the ambient condition.The composition gradient is realized by simply depositing the precursor inks with different Zn/Sn ratios.To verify that the high performance of the solar cell is attributed to the composition gradient strategy rather than the sole change of the Zn/Sn ratio,devices based on absorbers with varied Zn/Sn ratios are fabricated.Furthermore,the structure and surface morphology of the CZTSSe films with/without composition gradients are examined.The presence of elemental gradient through the depth of the CZTSSe films before and after annealing is confirmed by secondary ion mass spectroscopy analysis.It is found that the composition gradient enhances the crystallinity of the absorber,reduces the surface roughness as well as device parasitic losses,contributing to a higher fill factor,open-circuit voltage,and conversion efficiency.

CACA Guidelines for Holistic Integrative Management of Breast Cancer

Purpose:Breast cancer is now the most common malignant tumor worldwide.About one-fourth of female cancer patients all over the world sufer from breast cancer.And about one in six female cancer deaths worldwide is caused by breast cancer.In terms of absolute numbers of cases and deaths,China ranks frst in the world.The CACA Guidelines for Holistic Integrative Management of Breast Cancer were edited to help improve the diagnosis and comprehensive treatment in China.Methods:The Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)was used to classify evidence and consensus.Results:The CACA Guidelines for Holistic Integrative Management of Breast Cancer include the epidemiology of breast cancer,breast cancer screening,breast cancer diagnosis,early breast cancer treatment,advanced breast cancer treatment,follow-up,rehabilitation,and traditional Chinese medicine treatment of breast cancer patients.Conclusion:We to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in China through the formulation of the CACA Guidelines.

Improvement of machining accuracy in EDCM by enhanced electrochemical reaming based on a non-metallic backing layer

Electrochemical Discharge Machining(ECDM)is potentially applicable for the fabrication of film-cooling holes.However,It is extremely difficult for the holes to achieve higher precision and machining quality owing to the working liquid diminish in the lateral machining gap.In this study,a non-metallic backing layer was proposed to overcome the diminish of working liquid,and the electrochemical reaming,as a post-processing method for ECDM,was used to further improve the machining accuracy and quality of the holes.First,the three-dimensional morphology of the melted pit of a paraffin backing layer was scanned to obtain the geometric parameters.Then,simulation analysis and experimental verification of auxiliary flushing by using the non-metallic backing layer were performed.The machining performance of the holes machined with electrochemical reaming based on non-metallic backing layer was confirmed by the observations of the surface topography of the hole wall and orifice,measurement of the orifice precision,and analysis of the element composition on the surface of the orifice wall.Finally,an optimum combination of machining parameters for electrochemical reaming is obtained through a process parameter optimization experiment.

Buckling of a ferromagnetic thin plate in a transverse static magnetic field

An energy theory is proposed on the buckling of a ferromagnetic thin plate in a transverse static magnetic field. The analytic solution of critical field for plates is obtained by using variational method. It is shown that the critical magnetic field is not only influenced by the ratio of the thickness to the length, but also by the width, total length and the magnetic susceptibility of the specimen. Theoretical calculations agree with experiments reasonably.