Additive manufactured osseointegrated screws with hierarchical design

Bone screws are devices used to fix implants or bones to bones.However,conventional screws are mechanically fixed with thread and often face long-term failure due to poor osseointegration.To improve osseointegration,screws are evolving from solid and smooth to porous and rough.Additive manufacturing(AM)offers a high degree of manufacturing freedom,enabling the preparation of predesigned screws that are porous and rough.This paper provides an overview of the problems currently faced by bone screws:long-term loosening and screw breakage.Next,advances in osseointegrated screws are summarized hierarchically(sub-micro,micro,and macro).At the sub-microscale level,we describe surface-modification techniques for enhancing osseointegration.At the micro level,we summarize the micro-design parameters that affect the mechanical and biological properties of porous osseointegrated screws,including porosity,pore size,and pore shape.In addition,we highlight three promising pore shapes:triply periodic minimal surface,auxetic structure with negative Poisson ratio,and the Voronoi structure.At the macro level,we outline the strategies of graded design,gradient design,and topology optimization design to improve the mechanical strength of porous osseointegrated screws.Simultaneously,this paper outlines advances in AM technology for enhancing the mechanical properties of porous osseointegrated screws.AM osseointegrated screws with hierarchical design are expected to provide excellent long-term fixation and the required mechanical strength.

Research on“Chinese+Law”Teaching Resources in Thailand

This article details the distinctive progress in Thailand’s“Chinese+Law”sector.It then examines the development of related teaching resources,culminating in three key conclusions:(1)The integration of“Chinese”and“Law”in Thai vocational education is insufficient;(2)Teaching resources for“Chinese+Law”in Thailand are scarce and of subpar quality.Presently,there are only print textbooks available,with no accompanying digital or multimedia resources developed;(3)The optimal approach for“Chinese+Law”teaching materials in Thailand should involve collaborative efforts between Chinese and Thai experts.

Microscale mechanism of tailing thickening in metal mines

Water-locking flocs formed by ultrafine tailings particles will damage the thickener underflow concentration in the thickening process during paste preparation.The relationship between the mesostructure and seepage characteristics of tail mortar is typically ignored when investigating the deep dehydration stage.A shearing seepage test of an unclassified tailing-sedimentation bed was performed with copper tailings,and the morphology and geometric distribution of micropores were analyzed via X-ray computed tomography.Moreover,the shearing evolution of the micropore structure and seepage channel was investigated to evaluate the dewatering performance of underflow slurry using a three-dimensional reconstruction approach.The results show that porosity decreases considerably under shearing.The connected-pore ratio and the average radius of the throat channel reach peak values of 0.79 and 31.38μm,respectively,when shearing is applied for 10 min.However,the reverse seepage velocity and absolute permeability in the bed decrease to various extents after shearing.Meanwhile,the maximum flow rate reaches 1.537μm/s and the absolute permeability increases by 14.16%.Shearing alters the formation process and the pore structure of the seepage channel.Isolated pores connect to the surrounding flocs to form branch channels,which then become the main seepage channel and create the dominant water-seepage flow channel.

Status of aquatic organisms resources and their environments in Yangtze River system(2017-2021)⋆

The Yangtze River is the mother river of China.To promote the aquatic ecosystem protection of the great river,the Project of Yangtze Fisheries Resources and Environment Investigation(2017-2021)supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,P.R.China carried out by 24 institutes and universities that located in the Yangtze River basin surveys the status of(1)fish species composition and spatial distribution,(2)current fish abundance,(3)endangered fishes,(4)Yangtze finless porpoise,(5)aquatic eco-environments,(6)water-level fluctuation areas,(7)capture fisheries and recreational fisheries of the Yangtze River mainstream and 10 of its main tributaries,including Yalong River,Heng River,Min River(including Dadu River),Chishui River,Tuo River,Jialing River,Wu River,Han River,Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake.The results showed that there were 443 fish species(belonging to 163 genus,37 families,and 18 orders)before 2017,but only 323 fish species(including 15 new recorded exotic species)were recorded in the project of 2017-2021.Among them,Cyprinus carpio,Carassius auratus,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,Pelteobagrus fulvidraco,Coilia brachygnathus,Silurus asotus,Saurogobio dabryi,Ctenopharyngodon idellus,Pelteobagrus nitidus,Hemiculter leucisculus,Siniperca chuatsi,Coreius heterodon,Culter alburnus,Parabramis pekinensis,and Aristichthys nobilis were the dominant species across the whole Yangtze River system.It is estimated that there were 886 million individuals weighing 124.8 million kg,merely equivalent to 27.3%of the resources in 1950s,30.9%of the resources in 1960s,or 58.7%of the resources in 1980s.In the new list of protected fishes that recorded in the Yangtze River system,only 15 of 29 were collected in this project of 2017-2021.Psephurus gladius has been affirmed to be Extinct by International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN).The wild individuals of Tenualosa reevesii and Luciobrama macrocephalus have disappeared for many years and maybe have been extinct already.Acipenser dabryanus has been affirmed to be Extinct in the Wild by IUCN.The natural propagations of A.sinensis,Myxocyprinus asiaticus and Trachidermus fasciatus have been interrupted for many years.The populations of Yangtze finless porpoise in the Yangtze River mainstream,Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake have steadily rising sizes and expanding distributions in 2017-2021.Parts of them migrate from one region to another with the seasons,which would result in the fluctuation of Yangtze finless porpoise population within some regions.The conventional indicators of water quality in the Yangtze River system were good and conformed to the water quality criteria of fishery in 2017-2021.In the last 40 years,the maximum surface water area in the Yangtze River basin extended to approximately 63,360 km2,the minimum surface water area covered approximately 26,396 km2,and the seasonal water-level fluctuation areas occupied approximately 36,964 km2.Compared with 1984-2000 period,the 2001-2020 period witnessed an overall decreasing trend in the frequency of surface water occurrence within about 25,869 km2 of aquatic areas.From 1984 to 2000 period to 2001-2020 period,permanent surface water has decreased by nearly 8,750 km2.In 2017,the fishermen were mainly 40-60 years old and their educational levels were mainly lower than junior high school.In 2017,most anglers were older than 40 and used hand rod and/or sea rod.Their average catch of each time was mainly less than 1 kg.Results suggested that the fishing ban in key waters of the Yangtze River basin is not only an ecological project of aquatic ecosystem conservation,but also a livelihood project for the fisherman to embrace industrial transformation and improve their living conditions.After the implementation of the fishing ban,the fisheries resources would gradually recover,and the Yangtze finless porpoise population size would also see a steady increase.However,the endangered species would remain threatened for a long time.The degraded waterbodies and water-level fluctuation areas would be the key restrictive factors for future aquatic ecosystem recovery in the Yangtze River basin.Since this survey was carried out before the fishing ban,the current results could provide a baseline for future evaluation of the effect of the Yangtze River fishing ban.

Smart healthcare: making medical care more intelligent

With the development of information technology,the concept of smart healthcare has gradually come to the fore.Smart healthcare uses a new generation of information technologies,such as the internet of things(IoT),big data,cloud computing,and artificial intelligence,to transform the traditional medical system in an all-round way,making healthcare more efficient,more convenient,and more personalized.With the aim of introducing the concept of smart healthcare,in this review,we first list the key technologies that support smart healthcare and introduce the current status of smart healthcare in several important fields.Then we expound the existing problems with smart healthcare and try to propose solutions to them.Finally,we look ahead and evaluate the future prospects of smart healthcare.

Faint Space Debris Detection Algorithm Based on Small Aperture Telescope Detection System

Ground-based optical observation has unique advantages in space target observation.However,due to the weak light-gathering ability of small-aperture optoelectronic observation telescopes,the space debris in the image is weak and easily drowned in noise.In order to solve the above problems,we use digital image processing technology to extract faint space debris.We propose a high detection rate space debris automatic extraction algorithm,aiming to automatically detect space debris.We first establish a new space target description model.Our algorithm is mainly divided into two stages.The purpose of the first stage is to reduce the influence of a large number of stars.We perform wavelet transform and guided filtering for three consecutive frames,and the reconstructed wavelet that takes the median value can achieve the effect of eliminating stars.In the second stage,we adopt the method of robust principal component analysis and attribute the problem of target detection to the problem of separating the target and background of a single frame of image.After a large number of experimental results analysis,it is proved that the algorithm can effectively detect faint debris in the monitoring system of small aperture telescope,and has high precision and low computational complexity.

Rational design of Aspergillus flavus A5p1-immobilized cell system to enhance the decolorization of reactive blue 4(RB4)

Anthraquinone dyes are a class of typical carcinogenic and hard-biodegradable organic pollutants.This study aimed to enhance the decolorization of anthraquinone dye by rationally designing an expected immobilized system.Reactive blue 4(RB4) was used as a substrate model and a previous isolated dyedegrading strain Aspergillus flavus A5pl was purposefully immobilized.Considering the effects of cell attachment and mass transfer,the polyurethane foam(PUF) with open pore structure was selected as the immobilization carrier.Results showed that the RB4 decolorization efficiency was significant enhanced after immobilization.Compared to the free mycelium system,the decolorization time of200 mg·L^(-1)RB4 was shortened from 48 h to 28 h by the PUF-immobilized cell system.Moreover,the PUF-immobilized system could tolerate RB4 up to 2000 mg-L^(-1).In the packed bed bioreactor(PBBR),an average decolorization efficiency of 93.3% could be maintained by the PUF-immobilized system for26 days.The decolorization process of RB4 was well described by the logistic equation and the degradation pathway was discussed.It was found that the higher specific growth rate of the PUF-immobilized cells was one of reasons for the enhanced decolorization.The good performance of the PUFimmobilized cell system would make it have potential application value for RB4 bioremediation.

射孔新技术--高性能射孔模型

爆炸聚能射孔是一种在油气井中射穿套管来形成井筒和套管外岩石之间通道的技术。服务公司通过地面试验，将聚能射孔弹射入无应力水泥靶中，以了解其在已知条件下的射孔性能在认识到模拟程序可能无法正确预测井下聚能射孔弹的性能后，斯伦贝谢的科研人员开发出了可精确计算射孔深度、射孔效率和系统动态响应的软件，并以此来优化在高应力岩石中聚能射孔弹的性能。

Influence of Doping on the Magnetic Properties and Local Microstructures in Fe-Doped YMnO_(3)

Polycrystalline YMn1?xFexO3 (0 < x < 0.1) samples are synthesized by solid-state reaction method and characterized by X-ray diffraction. The X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that YMn1?xFexO3 compounds maintain hexagonal structure with space group of p63 cm. Ferromagnetism of YMn1?xFexO3 increases with increasing doping concentration of Fe3+, attributed to the suppression of the frustration and the change of the Mn-O bond length certificated by XAS analysis.

Presence of Rare Variants is Associated with Poorer Survival in Chinese Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder with phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity.Recent studies have suggested an oligogenic basis of ALS,in which the co-occurrence of two or more genetic variants has additive or synergistic deleterious effects.To assess the contribution of possible oligogenic inheritance,we profiled a panel of 43 relevant genes in 57 sporadic ALS(sALS)patients and eight familial ALS(fALS)patients from five pedigrees in east China.We filtered rare variants using the combination of the Exome Aggregation Consortium,the 1000 Genomes and the HuaBiao Project.We analyzed patients with multiple rare variants in 43 known ALS causative genes and the genotype–phenotype cor-relation.Overall,we detected 30 rare variants in 16 different genes and found that 16 of the sALS patients and all the fALS patients examined harbored at least one variant in the investigated genes,among which two sALS and four fALS patients harbored two or more variants.Of note,the sALS patients with one or more variants in ALS genes had worse survival than the patients with no variants.Typically,in one fALS pedigree with three variants,the family member with three variants(Superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1)p.V48A,Optineurin(OPTN)p.A433V and TANK binding kinase 1(TBK1)p.R573H)exhibited much more severe disease phenotype than the member carrying one variant(TBK1 p.R573H).Our findings suggest that rare variants could exert a negative prognostic effect,thereby supporting the oligogenic inheritance of ALS.

黄河流域淡水鱼类多样性和保护

本文介绍了黄河流域鱼类研究的历史、淡水鱼类的物种组成、整体分布格局、特有性、濒危性,以及鱼类多样性在黄河上、中、下游等的特点。历史上对于黄河鱼类多样性的研究,历经了四个阶段,从最初的零星记录一直到现阶段的深入研究。综合历史记录和野外调查,已知黄河流域分布的淡水鱼类共计147种,隶属于12目21科78属,其中鲤形目种类占据绝对优势。另外,全流域黄河特有种计有27种,受危物种24种,分别占总数的18.37%和16.32%。同中国主要江河相比,黄河鱼类在高级分类阶元上的多样性较高,但物种多样性则处在较低水平;尽管黄河特有鱼类和受危物种比例低于全国平均水平,但上游特有鱼类和珍稀濒危鱼类的占比很高。目前黄河鱼类多样性大幅降低,现状调查仅能采获历史记录种类的53.06%。梯级水电开发、水资源过度利用、外来物种、水域污染和过度捕捞都是威胁鱼类多样性的重要因素,但对各河段和支流的影响不一,应做出有针对性的保护部署。

Dietary ellagic acid supplementation attenuates intestinal damage and oxidative stress by regulating gut microbiota in weanling piglets

Intestinal oxidative stress triggers gut microbiota dysbiosis,which is involved in the etiology of postweaning diarrhea and enteric infections.Ellagic acid(EA)can potentially serve as an antioxidant supplement to facilitate weaning transition by improving intestinal oxidative stress and gut microbiota dysbiosis.Therefore,we aimed to investigate the effects of dietary EA supplementation on the attenuation of intestinal damage,oxidative stress,and dysbiosis of gut microbiota in weanling piglets.A total of126 piglets were randomly assigned into 3 groups and treated with a basal diet and 2 m L saline orally(Ctrl group),or the basal diet supplemented with 0.1%EA and 2 m L saline orally(EA group),or the basal diet and 2 m L fecal microbiota suspension from the EA group orally(FEA group),respectively,for 14 d.Compared with the Ctrl group,EA group improved growth performance by increasing average daily feed intake and average daily weight gain(P<0.05)and decreasing fecal scores(P<0.05).EA group also alleviated intestinal damage by increasing the tight junction protein occludin(P<0.05),villus height,and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio(P<0.05),while decreasing intestinal epithelial apoptosis(P<0.05).Additionally,EA group enhanced the jejunum antioxidant capacity by increasing the total antioxidant capacity(P<0.01),catalase(P<0.05),and glutathione/oxidized glutathione(P<0.05),but decreased the oxidative metabolite malondialdehyde(P<0.05)compared to the Ctrl group.Compared with the Ctrl group,EA and FEA groups increased alpha diversity(P<0.05),enriched beneficial bacteria(Ruminococcaceae and Clostridium ramosum),and increased metabolites short-chain fatty acids(P<0.05).Correspondingly,FEA group gained effects comparable to those of EA group on growth performance,intestinal damage,and intestinal antioxidant capacity.In addition,the relative abundance of bacteria shifted in EA and FEA groups was significantly related to the examined indices(P<0.05).Overall,dietary EA supplementation could improve growth performance and attenuate intestinal damage and oxidative stress by regulating the gut microbiota in weanling piglets.

Effects of gibberellin priming on seedling emergence and transcripts involved in mesocotyl elongation in rice under deep direct-seeding conditions

Mesocotyl elongation is a key trait influencing seedling emergence and establishment in direct-seeding rice cultivation.The phytohormone gibberellin(GA)has positive effects on mesocotyl elongation in rice.However,the physiological and molecular basis underlying the regulation of mesocotyl elongation mediated by GA priming under deep-sowing conditions remains largely unclear.In the present study,we performed a physiological and comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of the function of GA priming in mesocotyl elongation and seedling emergence using a direct-seeding japonica rice cultivar ZH10 at a5-cm sowing depth.Physiological experiments indicated that GA priming significantly improved rice seedling emergence by increasing the activity of starch-metabolizing enzymes and compatible solute content to supply the energy essential for subsequent development.Transcriptomic analysis revealed 7074 differentially expressed genes(false discovery rate of<0.05,|log2(fold change)|of≥1)after GA priming.Furthermore,gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses revealed that genes associated with transcriptional regulation,plant hormone biosynthesis or signaling,and starch and sucrose metabolism were critical for GA-mediated promotion of rice mesocotyl elongation.Further analyses showed that the expression of the transcription factor(TF)genes(v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog(MYB)alternative splicing 1(MYBAS1),phytochrome-interacting factors 1(PIF1),Oryza sativa teosinte branched 1/cycloidea/proliferating cell factor 5(Os TCP5),slender 1(SLN1),and mini zinc finger 1(MIF1)),plant hormone biosynthesis or signaling genes(brassinazole-resistant 1(BZR1),ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase-like(KAO),GRETCHEN HAGEN 3.2(GH3.2),and small auxin up RNA 36(SAUR36)),and starch and sucrose metabolism genes(α-amylases(AMY2 A and AMY1.4))was highly correlated with the mesocotyl elongation and deep-sowing tolerance response.These results enhance our understanding of how nutrient metabolism-related substances and genes regulate rice mesocotyl elongation.This may facilitate future studies on related genes and the development of novel rice varieties tolerant to deep sowing.

Proper animal experimental designs for preclinical research of biomaterials for intervertebral disc regeneration

Low back pain is a vital musculoskeletal disease that impairs life quality,leads to disability and imposes heavy economic burden on the society,while it is greatly attributed to intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD).However,the existing treatments,such as medicines,chiropractic adjustments and surgery,cannot achieve ideal disc regeneration.Therefore,advanced bioactive therapies are implemented,including stem cells delivery,bioreagents administration,and implantation of biomaterials etc.Among these researches,few reported unsatisfying regenerative outcomes.However,these advanced therapies have barely achieved successful clinical translation.The main reason for the inconsistency between satisfying preclinical results and poor clinical translation may largely rely on the animal models that cannot actually simulate the human disc degeneration.The inappropriate animal model also leads to difficulties in comparing the efficacies among biomaterials in different reaches.Therefore,animal models that better simulate the clinical charateristics of human IDD should be acknowledged.In addition,in vivo regenerative outcomes should be carefully evaluated to obtain robust results.Nevertheless,many researches neglect certain critical characteristics,such as adhesive properties for biomaterials blocking annulus fibrosus defects and hyperalgesia that is closely related to the clinical manifestations,e.g,low back pain.Herein,in this review,we summarized the animal models established for IDD,and highlighted the proper models and parameters that may result in acknowledged IDD models.Then,we discussed the existing biomaterials for disc regeneration and the characteristics that should be considered for regenerating different parts of discs.Finally,well-established assays and parameters for in vivo disc regeneration are explored.