An Adversarial Smart Contract Honeypot in Ethereum

A smart contract honeypot is a special type of smart contract.This type of contract seems to have obvious vulnerabilities in contract design.If a user transfers a certain amount of funds to the contract,then the user can withdraw the funds in the contract.However,once users try to take advantage of this seemingly obvious vulnerability,they will fall into a real trap.Consequently,the user’s investment in the contract cannot be retrieved.The honeypot induces other accounts to launch funds,which seriously threatens the security of property on the blockchain.Detection methods for honeypots are available.However,studying the manner by which to defend existing honeypots is insufficient to fight against honeypots.The new honeypots that may appear in the future from the perspective of an attacker must also be predicted.Therefore,we propose a type of adversarial honeypot.The code and behavioral features of honeypots are obtained through a comparative analysis of the 158,568 nonhoneypots and 352 honeypots.To build an adversarial honeypot,we try to separately hide these features and make the honeypot bypass the existing detection technology.We construct 18 instances on the basis of the proposed adversarial honeypot and use an open-source honeypot detection tool to detect these instances.The experimental result shows that the proposed honeypot can bypass the detection tool with a 100%ratio.Therefore,this type of honeypot should be given attention,and defensive measures should be proposed as soon as possible.

Sustainable water resource management in steep-slope agriculture

Steep-slope agricultural landscapes are under threat due to climate change.On the one hand,the growing fre-quency of extreme high-intensity rainfall events concentrated in both temporal and spatial scales are causing flash floods or slope failure risk scenarios.On the other hand,future climate projections indicate a significant expansion of arid zones in the steep slope agricultural system.There is evidence that these landscapes face a high risk of growing water scarcity.Considering their unique role in crop production,ecosystem diversity,and crop production,ecosystem diversity,and cultural heritage,understanding sustainable water resource manage-ment for mitigating climate change-induced drought has never been more urgent than today.In these landscapes,unique indigenous knowledge of water conservation is adopted to manage water resources improving their re-silience optimally.It is,therefore,necessary to promote water storage to mitigate floods or increase the resilience to prolonged drought(creating at the same time favourable conditions for biodiversity).Modern technological advances(e.g.,high-resolution remote sensing and GIS-based modelling)are crucial in supporting these activities and understanding earth’s surface processes.

以累积和分析法研究保留耻骨后间隙机器人辅助根治性前列腺切除术的学习曲线

目的通过应用累积和分析(CUSUM)法,探讨保留耻骨后间隙机器人辅助根治性前列腺切除术(RsRARP)的学习曲线,评估手术者的学习过程。方法回顾性分析2016年10月至2021年9月1日由单术者连续进行的161例RsRARP患者的临床资料。应用CUSUM法以手术时间作为衡量指标分析RsRARP学习曲线。根据CUSUM分析结果,确定手术学习曲线的拐点,利用学习曲线变化的拐点划分学习阶段,比较学习曲线各阶段的术中失血量、手术时间、并发症、切缘阳性率和术后尿控等指标。并采用Kaplan-Meier曲线计算术后尿控情况。结果161例患者手术均顺利完成,无中转开放。根据CUSUM分析,学习曲线可分为三个阶段:早期学习37例,技能提高71例,熟练掌握53例。随着手术例数的增加,手术时间明显缩短(P<0.001),术中出血明显减少(P<0.001),术后住院时间明显缩短(P<0.001)。熟练掌握阶段中位手术时间为185 min,术后即刻尿控率为64.2%,pT_(2)期患者切缘阳性率为11.3%,pT_(2)期患者的1年无生化复发率为96.7%。三个阶段的即刻尿控率、并发症发生率、切缘阳性率、生化复发率差异无统计学意义。结论通过应用CUSUM分析方法,对RsRARP的学习曲线进行了量化评估,为该手术的培训和推广提供了重要参考。

44%of steep slope cropland in Europe vulnerable to drought

Steep-slope cropland plays a vital role in food production,economic development,ecosystem diversity,and Eu-ropean cultural heritage.However,these systems are susceptible to extreme weather events.The 2022 summer drought significantly impacted European agriculture,but the specific effects on steep-slope crops remain uncer-tain.Clarifying this is essential for comprehending similar future events and for implementing effective water management strategies to ensure the sustainability of steep-slope agriculture and associated ecosystem services.This study quantitatively analyzes the spatial distribution of twelve major European steep-slope(>12%)crops and assesses agricultural drought severity during the 2022 events using open-access spatial data.The satellite-based Vegetation Health Index(VHI)is utilized to identify critical hotspots.Results show that olive grove is the most widespread crop in steep slope agriculture(34%of total area),followed by wheat(24%),maize(16%),and vineyard(11%).Almost half of the steep-slope agriculture in Europe suffered drought during summer 2022.Vineyards were hardest affected at 79%,primarily in northern Portugal,northern Spain,southern France,and central Italy.Sunflowers followed at 62%,mainly in Spain,central Italy,southern France,and northern Roma-nia.Olive groves ranked third at 59%,with the most impact in northern Portugal,southern and central Spain,and southern Italy.Maize was also significantly affected at 54%.In this paper,we therefore highlight the need to increase steep-slope agriculture resilience by improving water management and promoting sustainable land practices.

2018 Chinese Pediatric Cardiology Society(CPCS) guideline for diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents

Syncope belongs to the transient loss of consciousness(TLOC), characterized by a rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous complete recovery. It is common in children and adolescents, accounting for 1% to 2% of emergency department visits.Recurrent syncope can seriously affect children's physical and mental health, learning ability and quality of life and sometimes cardiac syncope even poses a risk of sudden death. The present guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was developed for guiding a better clinical management of pediatric syncope. Based on the globally recent development and the evidence-based data in China, 2018 Chinese Pediatric Cardiology Society(CPCS) guideline for diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was jointly prepared by the Pediatric Cardiology Society, Chinese Pediatric Society, Chinese Medical Association(CMA)/Committee on Pediatric Syncope, Pediatricians Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Committee on Pediatric Cardiology, Chinese College of Cardiovascular Physicians, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Pediatric Cardiology Society, Beijing Pediatric Society, Beijing Medical Association(BMA). The present guideline includes the underlying diseases of syncope in children and adolescents, the diagnostic procedures, methodology and clinical significance of standing test and headup tilt test, the clinical diagnosis vasovagal syncope, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, orthostatic hypotension and orthostatic hypertension, and the treatment of syncope as well as follow-up.

Postconditioning of stellate ganglion block improves intestinal barrier function by inhibiting autophagy in conscious rats following hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation

To the Editor:Hemorrhagic shock is a critical pathological process characterized by microcirculation dysfunction and hypoperfusion,with severe consequences of cell damage and organ dysfunction.Intestinal barrier dysfunction is a critical link of distant organ injury caused by hemorrhagic shock.Prophylactic treatment with stellate ganglion block(SGB)significantly reduces hemorrhagic shock-induced intestinal barrier damage.

Synthesis of poly(ethylene glycol)-SS-poly(ε-caprolactone)-SS-poly(ethylene glycol)triblock copolymers via end-group conjugation and self-assembly for reductively responsive drug delivery

In this study,we describe a simple synthesis route to prepare triblock copolymers with disulfide-linkers,poly(ethylene glycol)-SS-poly(ε-caprolactone)-SS-poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG-SS-PCL-SS-PEG)for application in the reductively responsive release of doxorubicin(DOX).To synthesize PEG-SS-PCL-SS-PEG,two end-groups of PCL-diol were first modified with cystamine to introduce disulfide bonds and subsequently conjugated with PEG-NHS via carbodiimide chemistry.PEG-SS-PCL-SSPEG fabricated into polymeric micelles with stable structure and different nanoscale sizes via adjusting the PCL chain length,showing obvious reductive responsiveness and fast drug release of encapsulated DOX in the presence of glutathione(GSH).Moreover,DOX-loaded PEG-SS-PCL-SS-PEG micelles exhibited higher therapeutic efficacy than reduction-insensitive PEG-b-PCL micelles in vitro.Thus,end-groups conjugation is a simple and straightforward strategy to introduce intelligent responsiveness in biocompatible block copolymers and improve their therapeutic efficacy.

Competitive exclusion of two viral strains of COVID-19

The pandemic COVID-19 has caused severe losses in public health and economy.One of the most difficult problems in prevention of the disease spread is the emergence of new variants.In this paper,a mathematical model is formulated,which captures the main feature of COVID-19 spread with two viral strains.It is shown by analytical method that the model exhibits the competitive exclusion principle,where one viral strain with the larger basic reproduction number is dominant and the viral strain with the smaller reproduction number is excluded.The results are important for the deployment of prevention policy of COVID-19.