A smart contract honeypot is a special type of smart contract.This type of contract seems to have obvious vulnerabilities in contract design.If a user transfers a certain amount of funds to the contract,then the user ...A smart contract honeypot is a special type of smart contract.This type of contract seems to have obvious vulnerabilities in contract design.If a user transfers a certain amount of funds to the contract,then the user can withdraw the funds in the contract.However,once users try to take advantage of this seemingly obvious vulnerability,they will fall into a real trap.Consequently,the user’s investment in the contract cannot be retrieved.The honeypot induces other accounts to launch funds,which seriously threatens the security of property on the blockchain.Detection methods for honeypots are available.However,studying the manner by which to defend existing honeypots is insufficient to fight against honeypots.The new honeypots that may appear in the future from the perspective of an attacker must also be predicted.Therefore,we propose a type of adversarial honeypot.The code and behavioral features of honeypots are obtained through a comparative analysis of the 158,568 nonhoneypots and 352 honeypots.To build an adversarial honeypot,we try to separately hide these features and make the honeypot bypass the existing detection technology.We construct 18 instances on the basis of the proposed adversarial honeypot and use an open-source honeypot detection tool to detect these instances.The experimental result shows that the proposed honeypot can bypass the detection tool with a 100%ratio.Therefore,this type of honeypot should be given attention,and defensive measures should be proposed as soon as possible.展开更多
Steep-slope agricultural landscapes are under threat due to climate change.On the one hand,the growing fre-quency of extreme high-intensity rainfall events concentrated in both temporal and spatial scales are causing ...Steep-slope agricultural landscapes are under threat due to climate change.On the one hand,the growing fre-quency of extreme high-intensity rainfall events concentrated in both temporal and spatial scales are causing flash floods or slope failure risk scenarios.On the other hand,future climate projections indicate a significant expansion of arid zones in the steep slope agricultural system.There is evidence that these landscapes face a high risk of growing water scarcity.Considering their unique role in crop production,ecosystem diversity,and crop production,ecosystem diversity,and cultural heritage,understanding sustainable water resource manage-ment for mitigating climate change-induced drought has never been more urgent than today.In these landscapes,unique indigenous knowledge of water conservation is adopted to manage water resources improving their re-silience optimally.It is,therefore,necessary to promote water storage to mitigate floods or increase the resilience to prolonged drought(creating at the same time favourable conditions for biodiversity).Modern technological advances(e.g.,high-resolution remote sensing and GIS-based modelling)are crucial in supporting these activities and understanding earth’s surface processes.展开更多
Steep-slope cropland plays a vital role in food production,economic development,ecosystem diversity,and Eu-ropean cultural heritage.However,these systems are susceptible to extreme weather events.The 2022 summer droug...Steep-slope cropland plays a vital role in food production,economic development,ecosystem diversity,and Eu-ropean cultural heritage.However,these systems are susceptible to extreme weather events.The 2022 summer drought significantly impacted European agriculture,but the specific effects on steep-slope crops remain uncer-tain.Clarifying this is essential for comprehending similar future events and for implementing effective water management strategies to ensure the sustainability of steep-slope agriculture and associated ecosystem services.This study quantitatively analyzes the spatial distribution of twelve major European steep-slope(>12%)crops and assesses agricultural drought severity during the 2022 events using open-access spatial data.The satellite-based Vegetation Health Index(VHI)is utilized to identify critical hotspots.Results show that olive grove is the most widespread crop in steep slope agriculture(34%of total area),followed by wheat(24%),maize(16%),and vineyard(11%).Almost half of the steep-slope agriculture in Europe suffered drought during summer 2022.Vineyards were hardest affected at 79%,primarily in northern Portugal,northern Spain,southern France,and central Italy.Sunflowers followed at 62%,mainly in Spain,central Italy,southern France,and northern Roma-nia.Olive groves ranked third at 59%,with the most impact in northern Portugal,southern and central Spain,and southern Italy.Maize was also significantly affected at 54%.In this paper,we therefore highlight the need to increase steep-slope agriculture resilience by improving water management and promoting sustainable land practices.展开更多
Syncope belongs to the transient loss of consciousness(TLOC), characterized by a rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous complete recovery. It is common in children and adolescents, accounting for 1% to 2% of eme...Syncope belongs to the transient loss of consciousness(TLOC), characterized by a rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous complete recovery. It is common in children and adolescents, accounting for 1% to 2% of emergency department visits.Recurrent syncope can seriously affect children's physical and mental health, learning ability and quality of life and sometimes cardiac syncope even poses a risk of sudden death. The present guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was developed for guiding a better clinical management of pediatric syncope. Based on the globally recent development and the evidence-based data in China, 2018 Chinese Pediatric Cardiology Society(CPCS) guideline for diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was jointly prepared by the Pediatric Cardiology Society, Chinese Pediatric Society, Chinese Medical Association(CMA)/Committee on Pediatric Syncope, Pediatricians Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Committee on Pediatric Cardiology, Chinese College of Cardiovascular Physicians, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Pediatric Cardiology Society, Beijing Pediatric Society, Beijing Medical Association(BMA). The present guideline includes the underlying diseases of syncope in children and adolescents, the diagnostic procedures, methodology and clinical significance of standing test and headup tilt test, the clinical diagnosis vasovagal syncope, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, orthostatic hypotension and orthostatic hypertension, and the treatment of syncope as well as follow-up.展开更多
To the Editor:Hemorrhagic shock is a critical pathological process characterized by microcirculation dysfunction and hypoperfusion,with severe consequences of cell damage and organ dysfunction.Intestinal barrier dysfu...To the Editor:Hemorrhagic shock is a critical pathological process characterized by microcirculation dysfunction and hypoperfusion,with severe consequences of cell damage and organ dysfunction.Intestinal barrier dysfunction is a critical link of distant organ injury caused by hemorrhagic shock.Prophylactic treatment with stellate ganglion block(SGB)significantly reduces hemorrhagic shock-induced intestinal barrier damage.展开更多
In this study,we describe a simple synthesis route to prepare triblock copolymers with disulfide-linkers,poly(ethylene glycol)-SS-poly(ε-caprolactone)-SS-poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG-SS-PCL-SS-PEG)for application in the...In this study,we describe a simple synthesis route to prepare triblock copolymers with disulfide-linkers,poly(ethylene glycol)-SS-poly(ε-caprolactone)-SS-poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG-SS-PCL-SS-PEG)for application in the reductively responsive release of doxorubicin(DOX).To synthesize PEG-SS-PCL-SS-PEG,two end-groups of PCL-diol were first modified with cystamine to introduce disulfide bonds and subsequently conjugated with PEG-NHS via carbodiimide chemistry.PEG-SS-PCL-SSPEG fabricated into polymeric micelles with stable structure and different nanoscale sizes via adjusting the PCL chain length,showing obvious reductive responsiveness and fast drug release of encapsulated DOX in the presence of glutathione(GSH).Moreover,DOX-loaded PEG-SS-PCL-SS-PEG micelles exhibited higher therapeutic efficacy than reduction-insensitive PEG-b-PCL micelles in vitro.Thus,end-groups conjugation is a simple and straightforward strategy to introduce intelligent responsiveness in biocompatible block copolymers and improve their therapeutic efficacy.展开更多
The pandemic COVID-19 has caused severe losses in public health and economy.One of the most difficult problems in prevention of the disease spread is the emergence of new variants.In this paper,a mathematical model is...The pandemic COVID-19 has caused severe losses in public health and economy.One of the most difficult problems in prevention of the disease spread is the emergence of new variants.In this paper,a mathematical model is formulated,which captures the main feature of COVID-19 spread with two viral strains.It is shown by analytical method that the model exhibits the competitive exclusion principle,where one viral strain with the larger basic reproduction number is dominant and the viral strain with the smaller reproduction number is excluded.The results are important for the deployment of prevention policy of COVID-19.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Guangdong Province Key Field Research and Development Program under Nos.2019B010137003 and 2019B010136004the National Key Research and Development Program under Grant Nos.2018YFB0803504 and 2019YFA0706404.
文摘A smart contract honeypot is a special type of smart contract.This type of contract seems to have obvious vulnerabilities in contract design.If a user transfers a certain amount of funds to the contract,then the user can withdraw the funds in the contract.However,once users try to take advantage of this seemingly obvious vulnerability,they will fall into a real trap.Consequently,the user’s investment in the contract cannot be retrieved.The honeypot induces other accounts to launch funds,which seriously threatens the security of property on the blockchain.Detection methods for honeypots are available.However,studying the manner by which to defend existing honeypots is insufficient to fight against honeypots.The new honeypots that may appear in the future from the perspective of an attacker must also be predicted.Therefore,we propose a type of adversarial honeypot.The code and behavioral features of honeypots are obtained through a comparative analysis of the 158,568 nonhoneypots and 352 honeypots.To build an adversarial honeypot,we try to separately hide these features and make the honeypot bypass the existing detection technology.We construct 18 instances on the basis of the proposed adversarial honeypot and use an open-source honeypot detection tool to detect these instances.The experimental result shows that the proposed honeypot can bypass the detection tool with a 100%ratio.Therefore,this type of honeypot should be given attention,and defensive measures should be proposed as soon as possible.
文摘Steep-slope agricultural landscapes are under threat due to climate change.On the one hand,the growing fre-quency of extreme high-intensity rainfall events concentrated in both temporal and spatial scales are causing flash floods or slope failure risk scenarios.On the other hand,future climate projections indicate a significant expansion of arid zones in the steep slope agricultural system.There is evidence that these landscapes face a high risk of growing water scarcity.Considering their unique role in crop production,ecosystem diversity,and crop production,ecosystem diversity,and cultural heritage,understanding sustainable water resource manage-ment for mitigating climate change-induced drought has never been more urgent than today.In these landscapes,unique indigenous knowledge of water conservation is adopted to manage water resources improving their re-silience optimally.It is,therefore,necessary to promote water storage to mitigate floods or increase the resilience to prolonged drought(creating at the same time favourable conditions for biodiversity).Modern technological advances(e.g.,high-resolution remote sensing and GIS-based modelling)are crucial in supporting these activities and understanding earth’s surface processes.
基金funding from the European Union Next-GenerationEU(PIANO NAZIONALE DI RIPRESA E RESILIENZA(PNRR)-MISSIONE 4 COMPONENTE 2,INVESTIMENTO 1.4-D.D.103217/06/2022,CN00000022).
文摘Steep-slope cropland plays a vital role in food production,economic development,ecosystem diversity,and Eu-ropean cultural heritage.However,these systems are susceptible to extreme weather events.The 2022 summer drought significantly impacted European agriculture,but the specific effects on steep-slope crops remain uncer-tain.Clarifying this is essential for comprehending similar future events and for implementing effective water management strategies to ensure the sustainability of steep-slope agriculture and associated ecosystem services.This study quantitatively analyzes the spatial distribution of twelve major European steep-slope(>12%)crops and assesses agricultural drought severity during the 2022 events using open-access spatial data.The satellite-based Vegetation Health Index(VHI)is utilized to identify critical hotspots.Results show that olive grove is the most widespread crop in steep slope agriculture(34%of total area),followed by wheat(24%),maize(16%),and vineyard(11%).Almost half of the steep-slope agriculture in Europe suffered drought during summer 2022.Vineyards were hardest affected at 79%,primarily in northern Portugal,northern Spain,southern France,and central Italy.Sunflowers followed at 62%,mainly in Spain,central Italy,southern France,and northern Roma-nia.Olive groves ranked third at 59%,with the most impact in northern Portugal,southern and central Spain,and southern Italy.Maize was also significantly affected at 54%.In this paper,we therefore highlight the need to increase steep-slope agriculture resilience by improving water management and promoting sustainable land practices.
文摘Syncope belongs to the transient loss of consciousness(TLOC), characterized by a rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous complete recovery. It is common in children and adolescents, accounting for 1% to 2% of emergency department visits.Recurrent syncope can seriously affect children's physical and mental health, learning ability and quality of life and sometimes cardiac syncope even poses a risk of sudden death. The present guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was developed for guiding a better clinical management of pediatric syncope. Based on the globally recent development and the evidence-based data in China, 2018 Chinese Pediatric Cardiology Society(CPCS) guideline for diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was jointly prepared by the Pediatric Cardiology Society, Chinese Pediatric Society, Chinese Medical Association(CMA)/Committee on Pediatric Syncope, Pediatricians Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Committee on Pediatric Cardiology, Chinese College of Cardiovascular Physicians, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Pediatric Cardiology Society, Beijing Pediatric Society, Beijing Medical Association(BMA). The present guideline includes the underlying diseases of syncope in children and adolescents, the diagnostic procedures, methodology and clinical significance of standing test and headup tilt test, the clinical diagnosis vasovagal syncope, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, orthostatic hypotension and orthostatic hypertension, and the treatment of syncope as well as follow-up.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China to Chunyu Niu(No.81770492)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province to Zigang Zhao(No.H2020405012)。
文摘To the Editor:Hemorrhagic shock is a critical pathological process characterized by microcirculation dysfunction and hypoperfusion,with severe consequences of cell damage and organ dysfunction.Intestinal barrier dysfunction is a critical link of distant organ injury caused by hemorrhagic shock.Prophylactic treatment with stellate ganglion block(SGB)significantly reduces hemorrhagic shock-induced intestinal barrier damage.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project U1704150)the Scientific and Technological Projects of Henan Province(182102410017).
文摘In this study,we describe a simple synthesis route to prepare triblock copolymers with disulfide-linkers,poly(ethylene glycol)-SS-poly(ε-caprolactone)-SS-poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG-SS-PCL-SS-PEG)for application in the reductively responsive release of doxorubicin(DOX).To synthesize PEG-SS-PCL-SS-PEG,two end-groups of PCL-diol were first modified with cystamine to introduce disulfide bonds and subsequently conjugated with PEG-NHS via carbodiimide chemistry.PEG-SS-PCL-SSPEG fabricated into polymeric micelles with stable structure and different nanoscale sizes via adjusting the PCL chain length,showing obvious reductive responsiveness and fast drug release of encapsulated DOX in the presence of glutathione(GSH).Moreover,DOX-loaded PEG-SS-PCL-SS-PEG micelles exhibited higher therapeutic efficacy than reduction-insensitive PEG-b-PCL micelles in vitro.Thus,end-groups conjugation is a simple and straightforward strategy to introduce intelligent responsiveness in biocompatible block copolymers and improve their therapeutic efficacy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12071381).
文摘The pandemic COVID-19 has caused severe losses in public health and economy.One of the most difficult problems in prevention of the disease spread is the emergence of new variants.In this paper,a mathematical model is formulated,which captures the main feature of COVID-19 spread with two viral strains.It is shown by analytical method that the model exhibits the competitive exclusion principle,where one viral strain with the larger basic reproduction number is dominant and the viral strain with the smaller reproduction number is excluded.The results are important for the deployment of prevention policy of COVID-19.