以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚四氢呋喃(PTMG)、二羟甲基丁酸(DMBA)、丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)、三乙胺(TEA)为主要原料合成了双键封端的阴离子型水性聚氨酯乳液,聚氨酯与丙烯酸十八酯(SA)发生共聚,制备出无氟水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯拒水乳液,...以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚四氢呋喃(PTMG)、二羟甲基丁酸(DMBA)、丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)、三乙胺(TEA)为主要原料合成了双键封端的阴离子型水性聚氨酯乳液,聚氨酯与丙烯酸十八酯(SA)发生共聚,制备出无氟水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯拒水乳液,将其应用于棉织物的拒水整理。讨论了 R 值(IPDI中—NCO与PTMG、DMBA中总的—OH的摩尔比值)、亲水基含量、亲水基加入方式、单体浓度对聚氨酯乳液性能的影响。以静态水接触角反映整理后棉织物的拒水性能,并以傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、PhabrOmeter织物手感评价系统对整理后织物进行表征。结果表明, R 值为1.3、亲水基含量为4.5%、单体总质量分数为20%时,得到的聚氨酯乳液具有良好的外观和贮存稳定性,对应制备出的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯拒水乳液粒径较小、分布较窄,且具有较好的热稳定性。整理后织物的水接触角可达138°,拒水效果良好,同时织物具有柔软的手感。展开更多
The best linear fit of Hc(T)/Ms(T) vs 2k1(T)/0Ms2(T) infers that Hc is determined by a nucleation process in nanocrystalline twophase magnet. The condition of the grain shapes is improved after adding Hf and Ga, but t...The best linear fit of Hc(T)/Ms(T) vs 2k1(T)/0Ms2(T) infers that Hc is determined by a nucleation process in nanocrystalline twophase magnet. The condition of the grain shapes is improved after adding Hf and Ga, but the surfaces are deteriorated by some precipitates on the boundary. Taking into account the values of , Neff, the results of TEM, and Moessbauer spectroscopy, the magnetic field heattreatment not only induces grain refinement but also causes a uniform distribution of the soft and hard phases. It is one recommendable method to improve the condition of the microstructure. Both the remanence and energy product values are increased by 20 %-30 % for all ribbons after annealing with magnetic field. The magnetic interaction in Nd2Fe14B/Fe3B+Fe based nanocrystalline twophase magnets is studied using M plots in this paper. It is found that the exchangecoupled interaction is greatly enhanced in the sample annealed with magnetic heattreatment, specially, Nd4Fe76Co3Hf0.5Ga0.5B16 which achieves the highest energy product (BH)max=126.4 kJ/m3.展开更多
The iron and steel industry in China has developed significantly since the policy of opening and reform was adopted.Especially in the period of the"Eighth Five-Year Plan",remarkable achievements have been ma...The iron and steel industry in China has developed significantly since the policy of opening and reform was adopted.Especially in the period of the"Eighth Five-Year Plan",remarkable achievements have been made in China,which makes her a big iron and steel producer in the world today.From 1980 to 1995,both consumption and展开更多
The mechanical properties dependence on the microstructure was reviewed and analyzed,and the ultrafine grained duplex microstructure of BCC matrix and large fractioned austenite was given as one of the optimum structu...The mechanical properties dependence on the microstructure was reviewed and analyzed,and the ultrafine grained duplex microstructure of BCC matrix and large fractioned austenite was given as one of the optimum structures to develop the third generation steel with high strength and high ductility.The medium-Mn steels with different carbon contents processed by austenite reverted transformation(ART-annealing) were studied thoroughly to fabricate the ultrafine duplex steels with large fractioned austenite.The lamellar typed ultrafine structure,the granular typed ultrafine duplex structure and the corresponding mechanical properties of the medium-Mn steels processed by ART-annealing were demonstrated in this paper.It was revealed that the duplex structure with large fraction of austenite and ultrafine grain structure is capable of producing steels with excellent combination of strength and ductility,i.e.,Rm A about 30-50 GPa%,which is about two times of that of the conventional automobile steels and close to that of the TWIP steels.It was concluded that the ART-annealing of the medium-Mn steels would be at least one of the promising ways to fabricate the third generation automobile steels in the near future.展开更多
On-line thermo mechanical controlled processing(TMCP) was conducted to develop the third generation high strength low alloy(HSLA) steel with high toughness economically.The ultra-low carbon content ensured a high leve...On-line thermo mechanical controlled processing(TMCP) was conducted to develop the third generation high strength low alloy(HSLA) steel with high toughness economically.The ultra-low carbon content ensured a high level of upper shelf energy while ultrafine lath martensitic structure transformed from super-thin pancaked austenite during controlled rolling and cooling.The reduction of martensite block size decreased ductile-to-brittle transition temperature(DBTT) and compensated the strength loss due to carbon reduction.Consequently,the excellent balance of strength and toughness values was obtained as 950-1060 MPa for yield strength,180 J for Charpy V-notch impact absorbed energy at 30℃,which is much superior to that of traditional martensitic steel.Two mechanisms for the refinement of lath martensite block were proposed:One is the austenite grain refinement in the direction of thickness,and the other is the reduction in the fraction of sub-block boundaries with small misorientation and the increase in the fraction of block boundaries with large misorientation,possibly due to austenite hardening.展开更多
In order to clarify effects of prior pancaked austenitic structure on microstructure and mechanical properties of transformed martensite in ausformed steel,a super-thin pancaked austenite was processed by multi-pass r...In order to clarify effects of prior pancaked austenitic structure on microstructure and mechanical properties of transformed martensite in ausformed steel,a super-thin pancaked austenite was processed by multi-pass rolling in a 0.03-2.6Mn0.06Nb-0.01Ti(wt%) low alloy steel.The evolution of prior pancaked austenite grain during multi-pass rolling was studied using Ni-30Fe model alloy.Related with the structure and texture in the prior super-thin pancaked austenite in Ni-30Fe alloy,the texture and anisotropy of mechanical properties of transformed martensite in the studied ausformed steel were focused on.There were mainly three kinds of rolling texture components in the super-thin pancaked austenite:Goss {110} 001,copper {112} 111 and brass {110} 112.They were further transformed into the weak {001} 110 and strong {112} 110,{111} 112 texture components in the martensitic structure.The orientation relationship(OR) of lath martensite transformation from pancaked austenite in the ausformed steel deviated larger from the exact Kurdjumov-Sachs(K-S) OR than in the case of equiaxed austenite without deformation.The tensile and yield strengths of the ausformed martensitic steel first decreased and then increased as the angle between tension direction and rolling direction increased.The main reason for the anisotropy of strength was considered as the texture component {112} 110 in martensite.However,the anisotropy of impact toughness was more complex and the main reasons for it are unknown.展开更多
哮喘是一种异质性疾病,伴不同的基础疾病过程,存在不同哮喘表型。全球哮喘防治倡议(global initiative for asthma,GINA)指出:一些肥胖的哮喘患者,呼吸道症状明显,但气道嗜酸性粒细胞性炎症并不明显,即哮喘的一种重要特殊表型:肥胖型哮...哮喘是一种异质性疾病,伴不同的基础疾病过程,存在不同哮喘表型。全球哮喘防治倡议(global initiative for asthma,GINA)指出:一些肥胖的哮喘患者,呼吸道症状明显,但气道嗜酸性粒细胞性炎症并不明显,即哮喘的一种重要特殊表型:肥胖型哮喘[1]。该表型以中性粒细胞性炎症为主,对吸入激素治疗敏感性欠佳,易发展为难治性哮喘。肥胖型哮喘作为一个独特的哮喘表型,标准哮喘药物疗效低下,具体发病机制尚未明确。展开更多
文摘以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚四氢呋喃(PTMG)、二羟甲基丁酸(DMBA)、丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)、三乙胺(TEA)为主要原料合成了双键封端的阴离子型水性聚氨酯乳液,聚氨酯与丙烯酸十八酯(SA)发生共聚,制备出无氟水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯拒水乳液,将其应用于棉织物的拒水整理。讨论了 R 值(IPDI中—NCO与PTMG、DMBA中总的—OH的摩尔比值)、亲水基含量、亲水基加入方式、单体浓度对聚氨酯乳液性能的影响。以静态水接触角反映整理后棉织物的拒水性能,并以傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、PhabrOmeter织物手感评价系统对整理后织物进行表征。结果表明, R 值为1.3、亲水基含量为4.5%、单体总质量分数为20%时,得到的聚氨酯乳液具有良好的外观和贮存稳定性,对应制备出的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯拒水乳液粒径较小、分布较窄,且具有较好的热稳定性。整理后织物的水接触角可达138°,拒水效果良好,同时织物具有柔软的手感。
文摘The best linear fit of Hc(T)/Ms(T) vs 2k1(T)/0Ms2(T) infers that Hc is determined by a nucleation process in nanocrystalline twophase magnet. The condition of the grain shapes is improved after adding Hf and Ga, but the surfaces are deteriorated by some precipitates on the boundary. Taking into account the values of , Neff, the results of TEM, and Moessbauer spectroscopy, the magnetic field heattreatment not only induces grain refinement but also causes a uniform distribution of the soft and hard phases. It is one recommendable method to improve the condition of the microstructure. Both the remanence and energy product values are increased by 20 %-30 % for all ribbons after annealing with magnetic field. The magnetic interaction in Nd2Fe14B/Fe3B+Fe based nanocrystalline twophase magnets is studied using M plots in this paper. It is found that the exchangecoupled interaction is greatly enhanced in the sample annealed with magnetic heattreatment, specially, Nd4Fe76Co3Hf0.5Ga0.5B16 which achieves the highest energy product (BH)max=126.4 kJ/m3.
文摘The iron and steel industry in China has developed significantly since the policy of opening and reform was adopted.Especially in the period of the"Eighth Five-Year Plan",remarkable achievements have been made in China,which makes her a big iron and steel producer in the world today.From 1980 to 1995,both consumption and
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China "973 program" (Grant No. 2010CB630803)
文摘The mechanical properties dependence on the microstructure was reviewed and analyzed,and the ultrafine grained duplex microstructure of BCC matrix and large fractioned austenite was given as one of the optimum structures to develop the third generation steel with high strength and high ductility.The medium-Mn steels with different carbon contents processed by austenite reverted transformation(ART-annealing) were studied thoroughly to fabricate the ultrafine duplex steels with large fractioned austenite.The lamellar typed ultrafine structure,the granular typed ultrafine duplex structure and the corresponding mechanical properties of the medium-Mn steels processed by ART-annealing were demonstrated in this paper.It was revealed that the duplex structure with large fraction of austenite and ultrafine grain structure is capable of producing steels with excellent combination of strength and ductility,i.e.,Rm A about 30-50 GPa%,which is about two times of that of the conventional automobile steels and close to that of the TWIP steels.It was concluded that the ART-annealing of the medium-Mn steels would be at least one of the promising ways to fabricate the third generation automobile steels in the near future.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China ("973" Program) (Grant No. 2010CB630805)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51071089)
文摘On-line thermo mechanical controlled processing(TMCP) was conducted to develop the third generation high strength low alloy(HSLA) steel with high toughness economically.The ultra-low carbon content ensured a high level of upper shelf energy while ultrafine lath martensitic structure transformed from super-thin pancaked austenite during controlled rolling and cooling.The reduction of martensite block size decreased ductile-to-brittle transition temperature(DBTT) and compensated the strength loss due to carbon reduction.Consequently,the excellent balance of strength and toughness values was obtained as 950-1060 MPa for yield strength,180 J for Charpy V-notch impact absorbed energy at 30℃,which is much superior to that of traditional martensitic steel.Two mechanisms for the refinement of lath martensite block were proposed:One is the austenite grain refinement in the direction of thickness,and the other is the reduction in the fraction of sub-block boundaries with small misorientation and the increase in the fraction of block boundaries with large misorientation,possibly due to austenite hardening.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China("973" Program) (Grant No. 2010CB630805)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51071089 and 51171087)
文摘In order to clarify effects of prior pancaked austenitic structure on microstructure and mechanical properties of transformed martensite in ausformed steel,a super-thin pancaked austenite was processed by multi-pass rolling in a 0.03-2.6Mn0.06Nb-0.01Ti(wt%) low alloy steel.The evolution of prior pancaked austenite grain during multi-pass rolling was studied using Ni-30Fe model alloy.Related with the structure and texture in the prior super-thin pancaked austenite in Ni-30Fe alloy,the texture and anisotropy of mechanical properties of transformed martensite in the studied ausformed steel were focused on.There were mainly three kinds of rolling texture components in the super-thin pancaked austenite:Goss {110} 001,copper {112} 111 and brass {110} 112.They were further transformed into the weak {001} 110 and strong {112} 110,{111} 112 texture components in the martensitic structure.The orientation relationship(OR) of lath martensite transformation from pancaked austenite in the ausformed steel deviated larger from the exact Kurdjumov-Sachs(K-S) OR than in the case of equiaxed austenite without deformation.The tensile and yield strengths of the ausformed martensitic steel first decreased and then increased as the angle between tension direction and rolling direction increased.The main reason for the anisotropy of strength was considered as the texture component {112} 110 in martensite.However,the anisotropy of impact toughness was more complex and the main reasons for it are unknown.
文摘哮喘是一种异质性疾病,伴不同的基础疾病过程,存在不同哮喘表型。全球哮喘防治倡议(global initiative for asthma,GINA)指出:一些肥胖的哮喘患者,呼吸道症状明显,但气道嗜酸性粒细胞性炎症并不明显,即哮喘的一种重要特殊表型:肥胖型哮喘[1]。该表型以中性粒细胞性炎症为主,对吸入激素治疗敏感性欠佳,易发展为难治性哮喘。肥胖型哮喘作为一个独特的哮喘表型,标准哮喘药物疗效低下,具体发病机制尚未明确。
