Likelihood Ratio and Strong Limit Theorems for the Discrete Random Variable

This in virtue of the notion of likelihood ratio and the tool of moment generating function, the limit properties of the sequences of random discrete random variables are studied, and a class of strong deviation theorems which represented by inequalities between random variables and their expectation are obtained. As a result, we obtain some strong deviation theorems for Poisson distribution and binomial distribution.

Behavior of Cesium in Dam Reservior-Investigation Based on Sediment Columns

To generate information for better understanding of the behavior of cesium in relatively closed water bodies, experiments using four columns consisted of the sediment phase and the overlying water phase, together with batch sorption experiments were conducted, and the kinetics and the binding potential of cesium by sediment were investigated. Through model analysis with both the first order and the pseudo-second order reaction models, the kinetic parameters of cesium within the four columns were determined. In addition, by analyzing batch equilibrium data with both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models, associated sorption parameters were also generated. Comparisons of the models’ suitability for description of both kinetics and binding capacity of cesium were thus made, and the effects of pH and EC on the binding capacity were also studied.

Pipeline血流导向装置与传统支架辅助栓塞治疗颈内动脉未破裂中小型动脉瘤的疗效比较分析

目的评价Pipeline血流导向装置(Pipeline flow diverter,PED)治疗未破裂颈内动脉中小型动脉瘤的安全性及有效性。方法收集2018年1月至2022年2月我院神经介入科采用PED及支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞(stent-assisted coiling,SAC)治疗的53例颈内动脉未破裂动脉瘤患者的临床资料,并进行回顾性分析及组间对比。分别采用O Kelly Marotta(OKM)分级及Raymond分级评估术后即刻及随访时动脉瘤的栓塞程度;采用改良Rankin量表评分(mRS)评价患者围手术期及随访时的神经功能;介入治疗术后3个月开始采用DSA或CTA随访复查动脉瘤的闭塞情况及支架通畅情况。结果共有符合纳入标准患者53例,其中PED 31例,SAC 22例。两组患者性别、年龄等基线数据均无统计学差异。PED组34枚动脉瘤的术后即刻DSA显示造影剂明显滞留,OKM A级9枚(26.4%),B级7枚(20.6%),C级14枚(41.2%),D级4枚(11.8%)。SAC组24枚动脉瘤的术后即刻DSA显示,RaymondⅠ级16枚(66.7%),Ⅱ级7枚(29.1%),Ⅲ级1枚(4.2%)。手术时间在PED组和SAC组之间存在显著统计学差异(P=0.003<0.05),围手术期出现不良事件为9例,PED组4例,SAC组5例,两组之间差异无统计学意义(P=0.49)。PED组术后平均随访时间为(6.4±1.8)个月(范围:5~12个月);SAC组术后平均随访时间为(10.4±9.0)个月(范围:2~30个月)。对术后动脉瘤闭塞情况进行观察,PED组完全闭塞28例(84.8%),SAC组完全闭塞17例(77.3%)。SAC组术后复发4例,PED组未见术后复发。术后随访中所有患者预后良好,mRS≤2,无出血或缺血导致的术后不良事件发生。结论使用PED治疗颈内动脉未破裂中小型动脉瘤可以缩短手术时间,具有不弱于支架辅助栓塞治疗的动脉瘤完全闭塞率及安全性,且在避免术后复发方面具有明显优势,但长期疗效仍需进一步的随访观察。

Correction to:Study on the resource utilization of high fluorine-containing organic waste through fluidized incineration

Correction to:Waste Disposal&Sustainable Energy(2022)4:117-129 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42768-022-00101-7 The section Confict of interest'has been amended:'Jian-hua Yan is the Editor in-Chief of Waste Disposal&Sustain-able Energy.'The revised'Confict of interest'is as follows:Jianhua Yan is the Editor-in-Chief of Waste Disposal&Sustainable Energy.On behalf of all authors,the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Study on the resource utilization of high fluorine-containing organic waste through fluidized incineration

In this study,the method of fluidized incineration and water washing to recover hydrogen fluoride(HF)was proposed to dispose of high fluorine-containing organic waste.The resource utilization of the waste was investigated in a fluidized bed incinerator with a disposal capability of 10 t/d.The evolution characteristics of fluorine,operation conditions of the incineration system,absorption coefficient for HF by water washing,and HF corrosion during combustion were assessed.The results showed that HF and fluorocarbons were detected as the initial gaseous fluorides released during combustion.The release of HF could be divided into three stages,in which HF was generated from the volatilization of HF in the waste and the hydrolysis of fluorine in water-soluble salts(60–220℃),oxidative decomposition of fluorinated organic components and residual carbon(220–800℃),and hydrolysis of insoluble fluorinated inorganic minerals(800–1000℃).Fluorocarbons could be destroyed through reactions with free radicals H,O,and OH or through single-molecule decomposition.Enhancing the temperature in the furnace and increasing the content of oxygen and hydrogen in the incineration materials were conducive to reducing the generation of fluorocarbons.By sampling and analyzing the bottom slag,bag filter ash and exhaust gas during the field test,the relevant pollutant discharge could meet the national emission standards.The waste heat utilization of high-temperature flue gas and the recovery of hydrofluoric acid and hydrochloric acid were realized.In the recovery of HF by water washing,the total absorption coefficients for 1#to 4#packed absorbers were 52.38 kg/(h m^(2)),39.96 kg/(h m^(2)),5.98 kg/(h m^(2))and 3.89 kg/(h m^(2)),respectively.In the actual operation,alumina showed good corrosion resistance to high-temperature HF and could be used as bed materials or refractory materials.Low-temperature corrosion of HF occurred in the quenching heat exchanger,which was damaged after 6 months of continuous operation.High-temperature corrosion of HF occurred in the waste heat boiler.No significant corrosion was observed in the 24 months of operation.

Spinal cord conduits for spinal cord injury regeneration

Spinal cord injury(SCI),which causes irreversible damage in both sensory and motor function,is considered an insurmountable challenge in the field of medicine.The previous researchers have developed many kinds of biomaterials for SCI,and spinal cord conduits(SCCs)are an important classification for bridging spinal cord tissues while performing their corresponding functions.In this review,we first describe the original sources of the different polymers that determine the properties of the different SCCs.Afterwards,we focus on the different types of crosslinking methods used for preparing SCCs.Then,various practical applications and therapeutic effects of SCCs are summarized and discussed.Finally,we conclude the existing limitations of current SCCs.We hope that this paper will serve as a further inspiration for the development of SCCs in future.

CD49a^(+)CD49b^(+) NK cells induced by viral infection reflect an activated state of conventional NK cells

Natural killer(NK) cells are important innate effectors that play a pivotal role in the defense against tumors and infections and participate in regulating adaptive immunity. Recent studies have revealed phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of NK cells.Here, using murine models of acute and chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, we observed that a CD49a^(+)CD49b^(+) NK cell subset emerged in the liver and other tissues, and underwent vigorous expansion following viral infection,before progressively decreasing in cell number. These viral infection-induced CD49a^(+)CD49b^(+) NK cells displayed an activated and mature phenotype. Moreover, compared with liver-resident NK cells and conventional NK(cNK) cells, CD49a^(+)CD49b^(+) NK cells showed increased functional competence, as evidenced by higher amounts of IFN-γ production and stronger cytotoxic capabilities during viral infection. Generation of these CD49a^(+)CD49b^(+) NK cells was shown to be independent of the T-bet transcription factor. Adoptive transfer experiments revealed that c NK cells could convert into CD49a^(+)CD49b^(+) NK cells following viral infection. Collectively, these results suggest that viral infection-induced CD49a^(+)CD49b^(+) NK cells represent a transiently activated state of cNK cells.

Rapid and fine tailoring longitudinal surface plasmon resonances of gold nanorods by end-selective oxidation

Facile achievement of gold nanorods(AuNRs) with controllable longitudinal surface plasmon resonance(LSPR) is of great importance for their applications in various fields.The LSPR of AuNRs is sensitive to their aspect ratio,which is still hard to be precisely tuned by direct synthesis.In this work,we report a simple approach for end-selective etching of AuNRs by a rapid oxidation process with Au(Ⅲ) in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB) solution at a mild temperature.The LSPR wavelength and the length of AuNRs blue shifted linearly as a function of the amount of Au(Ⅲ),while the diameter of Au NRs remained nearly constant.The oxidative rate is tempe rature dependent,and the oxidative process for a desired LSPR can be accomplished within 15 min at 60℃.Further investigations indicated that Br determine the occurrence of the oxidation between AuNRs and Au(Ⅲ),and a small amount of surfactant chain(CTA+) is crucial for stabilizing AuNRs.This method presents a quick but robust strategy for acquiring AuNRs with an arbitrary intermediate LSPR wavelength using the same starting AuNRs,and can be a powerful tool for subsequent applications.

Complex-Valued Densely Connected Convolutional Networks

In recent years,deep learning has made significant progress in computer vision.However,most studies focus on the algorithms in real field.Complex number can have richer characterization capabilities and use fewer training parameters.This paper proposes a complex-valued densely connected convolutional network,which is complex-valued DenseNets.It generalizes the network structure of real-valued DenseNets to complex field and constructs the basic architectures including complex dense block and complex transition layers.Experiments were performed on the CIFAR-10 database and CIFAR-100 datasets.Experimental results show the proposed algorithm has a lower error rate and fewer parameters than real-valued DenseNets and complex-valued ResNets.

Breast Cancer Recognition Based on BP Neural Network Optimized by Improved Genetic Algorithm

In recent years,the incidence of breast cancer is increasing and becomes one of the main causes of female death.The BP neural network optimized by standard genetic algorithm has slow convergence speed and is prone to local optimization,which makes the diagnosis accuracy of breast cancer decrease.This paper uses the improved genetic algorithm to optimize BP neural network by improving the selection operator of the standard genetic algorithm.The population diversity was first increased,and the probability of crossover and mutation was adaptively adjusted.Then deep optimization was executed on the initial weight threshold of BP network to speed up the network’s convergence,and the number of iterations was reduced.Finally breast cancer diagnose was performed.The experiment results show that both the fitness of the improved genetic algorithm and the recognition accuracy of breast cancer are improved.The shortcomings of the standard genetic algorithm optimized BP neural network algorithm in breast cancer diagnosis are well solved.