The interactions between Chinese local corn and WTI crude oil prices:an empirical analysis

This paper investigates the relationship between China’s fuel ethanol promotion plan and food security based on the interactions between the crude oil market, the fuel ethanol market and the grain market. Based on the US West Texas Intermediate(WTI) crude oil spot price and Chinese corn prices from January 2008 to May 2018, this paper applies Granger causality testing and a generalized impulse response function to explore the relationship between world crude oil prices and Chinese corn prices. The results show that crude oil prices are not the Granger cause of China’s corn prices, but changes in world crude oil prices will have a long-term positive impact on Chinese corn prices. Therefore, the Chinese government should pay attention to changes in crude oil prices when promoting fuel ethanol. Considering the conduction e ect between fuel ethanol and the food market, the government should also take some measures to ensure food security.

儿童烧伤创面操作性疼痛非药物管理的最佳证据总结

目的总结儿童烧伤创面操作性疼痛非药物管理的最佳证据。方法采用文献计量学方法。系统检索UpToDate、BMJ Best Practice、Cochrane Library、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、CINAHL、Registered Nurses′Association of Ontario、Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network、New Zealand Guidelines Group、Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Practice Database、American Burn Association、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献服务系统、医脉通、梅斯医学等数据库公开发表的关于儿童烧伤创面操作性疼痛非药物管理的所有证据,包括指南、临床决策、证据总结、推荐实践、专家共识、系统评价,检索时限为建库至2023年8月。筛选文献并评价文献质量,从中提取证据并进行评价,总结最佳证据。结果纳入文献15篇,包括指南3篇、临床决策3篇、证据总结3篇、系统评价6篇,从疼痛多维度评估与识别,非药物管理原则、方法及注意事项,社会干预,健康教育,建立多学科团队,换药操作技术方面总结出31条最佳证据。结论从8个方面总结出31条有关儿童烧伤创面操作性疼痛非药物管理的最佳证据,可为临床烧伤患儿创面换药实践提供决策依据。

Laser-based micro/nanofabrication in one, two and three dimensions

Advanced micro/nanofabrication of functional materials and structures with various dimensions represents a key research topic in modem nanoscience and technology and becomes critically important for numerous emerging technologies such as nanoelectronics, nanopho- tonics and micro/nanoelectromechanical systems. This review systematically explores the non-conventional material processing approaches in fabricating nanomaterials and micro/nanostructures of various dimensions which are challenging to be fabricated via conventional approaches. Research efforts are focused on laser-based techniques for the growth and fabrication of one-dimensional （1D）, two-dimensional （2D） and three-dimensional （3D） nanomaterials and micro/nanostructures. The following research topics are covered, including： 1） laser-assisted chemical vapor deposition （CVD） for highly efficient growth and integration of 1D nanomaterial of carbon nanotubes （CNTs）, 2） laser direct writing （LDW） of graphene ribbons under ambient conditions, and 3） LDW of 3D micro/nanostructures via additive and subtractive processes. Comparing with the conventional fabrication methods, the laser-based methods exhibit several unique advantages in the micro/nanofabrication of advanced functional materials and structures. For the 1D CNT growth, the laser-assisted CVD process can realize both rapid material synthesis and tight control of growth location and orientation of CNTs due to the highly intense energy delivery and laser-induced optical near-field effects. For the 2D graphene synthesis and patterning, roomtemperature and open-air fabrication of large-scale graphene patterns on dielectric surface has been successfully realized by a LDW process. For the 3D micro/nanofabrica- tion, the combination of additive two-photon polymeriza- tion （TPP） and subtractive multi-photon ablation （MPA） processes enables the fabrication of arbitrary complex 3D micro/nanostructures which tional fabrication methods are challenging for conven- Considering the numerous unique advantages of laser-based techniques, the laser- based micro/nanofabrication is expected to play a more and more important role in the fabrication of advanced functional micro/nano-devices.