Effect of cooked rice with added fructo-oligosaccharide on faecal microorganisms investigated by in vitro digestion and fermentation

In the present study,the effects of cooked rice(CR)with added fructo-oligosaccharide(FOS)on faecal flora were studied by a simulated in vitro digestion and fermentation method.The total carbohydrate content,p H,and s hort-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)were determined during in vitro digestion and fermentation.The change in the bacterial phase distribution after the fermentation was also analysed.The results showed that t he total carbohydrate content of the CR with added FOS(FCR)significantly decreased during the simulated digestion.Meanwhile,the p H of the FCR decreased and the SCFAs concentration increased significantly compared to those of the CR during the simulated fermentation.In addition,the FCR showed the advantage of promoting beneficial bacteria,such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus,and inhibiting harmful bacteria,such as Bacteroides and Klebsiella compared to the CR.Therefore,the FOS as a prebiotic could be recommended to produce the high-quality healthy rice food.

Protective effects of peptide KSPLY derived from Hericium erinaceus on H_(2)O_(2)-induced oxidative damage in HepG2 cells

Reactive oxygen species(ROS)-induced oxidative damage is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of chronic diseases,and natural antioxidant peptides have good abilities of scavenging ROS.The antioxidant activity of peptide Lys-Ser-Pro-Leu-Tyr(KSPLY)derived from Hericium erinaceus remains unclear.In the present study,the antioxidant effect and mechanism of KSPLY on H_(2)O_(2)-induced oxidative damage in HepG2 cells were investigated.The results indicated that KSPLY exhibited the antioxidant capacity in H_(2)O_(2)-induced HepG2 cells by enhancing superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),and catalase(CAT)activities.In comparison with the H_(2)O_(2)-treated damage group,the apoptosis rate,ROS level,and malondialdehyde(MDA)content of HepG2 cells treated with KSPLY were significantly decreased.The H.erinaceus-derived peptide KSPLY pretreatment promoted the expression of detoxification and antioxidant enzymes via the Keap1/Nrf2 signal pathway,thereby inhibiting the generation of ROS and MDA.In conclusion,the H.erinaceus-derived peptide KSPLY effectively protected HepG2 cells against H_(2)O_(2)-induced oxidative damage,and it provided a theoretical basis for the further development of new natural antioxidants.

A critical review on the health promoting effects of mushrooms nutraceuticals

Extensive elucidations focusing on the efficient health promoting properties and high nutritional values of mushrooms have been expanded dynamically from the past few decades.Due to its high quality of proteins,polysaccharides,unsaturated fatty acids,mineral substances,triterpenes sterols and secondary metabolites,mushrooms have always been appreciated for their vital role in protecting and curing various health problems,such as immunodeficiency,cancer,inflammation,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,hypercholesterolemia and obesity.Moreover,investigations in recent years have revealed the correlations between the health-promoting benefits and gut microbiota regulating effects induced by the mushrooms intake.Researches on the immense role in the nutritional and health benefits displayed by mushrooms have become an emergent task to study.The present article overviewed and compiled the latest information correlated to the health benefits and underlying functional mechanisms of mushroom nutraceuticals,and concluded that the supplementation of mushrooms as a dietary composition could become a natural adjuvant for the prevention and treatment of several health diseases.

Bioactivities and molecular mechanisms of polysaccharides from Hericium erinaceus

Hericium erinaceus,an edible and medicinal mushroom,has been utilized since ancient China due to its delicious taste and health benefits.The polysaccharide from H.erinaceus(HEP)is supposed to be one of the major bioactive compounds,which garnered widespread attention in seeking innovative applications for precision nutrition.Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that HEP possesses antioxidant and anti-aging,gastrointestinal protecting,anti-tumor,hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic,immune-enhancing,neuroprotective,and hepatoprotective activities,verifying its functional benefits to human health.This review provides an overview of the extraction and structure of HEP,and concluded that HEP had different structures with different sources of H.erinaceus and extraction methods.Besides,the biochemical and pharmacological properties of HEP as well as the relative mechanism were highlighted and summarized on the basis of in vivo and in vitro studies,which could be helpful for the healthy application of HEP.Finally,the research prospects of HEP for specific populations or precision nutrition were proposed.

A biosensing system using a multiparameter nonlinear dynamic analysis of cardiomyocyte beating for drug-induced arrhythmia recognition

Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death in humans.Therefore,cardiotoxicity is one of the most important adverse effects assessed by arrhythmia recognition in drug development.Recently,cell-based techniques developed for arhythmia recognition primarily employ linear methods such as time-domain analysis that detect and compare individual waveforms and thus fall short in some applications that require automated and efficient arrhythmia recognition from large datasets.We carried out the frst report to develop a biosensing system that integrated impedance measurement and multiparameter nonlinear dynamic algorithm(MNDA)analysis for druginduced arrhythmia recognition and classification.The biosensing system cultured cardiomyocytes as physiologically relevant models,used interdigitated electrodes to detect the mechanical beating of the cardiomyocytes,and employed MNDA analysis to recognize drug-induced arrhythmia from the cardiomyocyte beating recording.The best performing MNDA parameter,approximate entropy,enabled the system to recognize the appearance of sertindoleand norepinephrine-induced arrhythmia in the recording.The MNDA reconstruction in phase space enabled the system to classify the different arrhythmias and quantify the severity of arrhythmia.This new biosensing system utilizing MNDA provides a promising and alternative method for drug-induced arrhythmia recognition and classification in cardiological and pharmaceutical applications.

A biosensing system employing nanowell microelectrode arrays to record the intracellular potential of a single cardiomyocyte

Electrophysiological recording is a widely used method to investigate cardiovascular pathology,pharmacology and developmental biology.Microelectrode arrays record the electrical potential of cells in a minimally invasive and highthroughput way.However,commonly used microelectrode arays primarily employ planar microelectrodes and cannot work in applications that require a recording of the intracellular action potential of a single cell.In this study,we proposed a novel measuring method that is able to record the intracellular action potential of a single cardiomyocyte by using a nanowell patterned microelectrode array(NWMEA).The NWMEA consists of five nanoscale wells at the center of each circular planar microelectrode.Biphasic pulse electroporation was applied to the NWMEA to penetrate the cardiomyocyte membrane,and the intracellular action potential was continuously recorded.The intracellular potential recording of cardiomyocytes by the NWMEA measured a potential signal with a higher quality(213.76±25.85%),reduced noise root-mean-square(~33%),and higher signal-to-noise ratio(254.36±12.61%)when compared to those of the extracellular recording.Compared to previously reported nanopillar microelectrodes,the NWMEA could ensure single cell electroporation and acquire high-quality action potential of cardiomyocytes with reduced fabrication processes.This NWMEA-based biosensing system is a promising tool to record the intracellular action potential of a single cell to broaden the usage of microelectrode arrays in electrophysiological investigation.