Identification of cell surface markers for acute myeloid leukemia prognosis based on multi-model analysis

Given the extremely high inter-patient heterogeneity of acute myeloid leukemia(AML),the identification of biomarkers for prognostic assessment and therapeutic guidance is critical.Cell surface markers(CSMs)have been shown to play an important role in AML leukemogenesis and progression.In the current study,we evaluated the prognostic potential of all human CSMs in 130 AML patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)based on differential gene expression analysis and univariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.By using multi-model analysis,including Adaptive LASSO regression,LASSO regression,and Elastic Net,we constructed a 9-CSMs prognostic model for risk stratification of the AML patients.The predictive value of the 9-CSMs risk score was further validated at the transcriptome and proteome levels.Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor for the AML patients.The AML patients with high 9-CSMs risk scores had a shorter overall and event-free survival time than those with low scores.Notably,single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis indicated that patients with high 9-CSMs risk scores exhibited chemotherapy resistance.Furthermore,PI3K inhibitors were identified as potential treatments for these high-risk patients.In conclusion,we constructed a 9-CSMs prognostic model that served as an independent prognostic factor for the survival of AML patients and held the potential for guiding drug therapy.

Alternating current heating techniques for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles:Recent advances and perspectives

The significant decrease in battery performance at low temperatures is one of the critical challenges that electric vehicles(EVs)face,thereby affecting the penetration rate in cold regions.Alternating current(AC)heating has attracted widespread attention due to its low energy consumption and uniform heating advantages.This paper introduces the recent advances in AC heating from the perspective of practical EV applications.First,the performance degradation of EVs in low-temperature environments is introduced briefly.The concept of AC heating and its research methods are provided.Then,the effects of various AC heating methods on battery heating performance are reviewed.Based on existing studies,the main factors that affect AC heating performance are analyzed.Moreover,various heating circuits based on EVs are categorized,and their cost,size,complexity,efficiency,reliability,and heating rate are elaborated and compared.The evolution of AC heaters is presented,and the heaters used in brand vehicles are sorted out.Finally,the perspectives and challenges of AC heating are discussed.This paper can guide the selection of heater implementation methods and the optimization of heating effects for future EV applications.

Online Consensus Control of Nonlinear Affine Systems From Disturbed Data

Dear Editor,In this letter, we introduce a novel online distributed data-driven robust control approach for learning controllers of unknown nonlinear multi-agent systems(MASs) using state-dependent representations.

间苯二酚-双醛淀粉-甲醛共缩聚树脂胶黏剂制备

以玉米淀粉为原料,通过高碘酸钠在酸性条件下氧化得到双醛淀粉。将双醛淀粉与甲醛一起作为醛基给予体,与间苯二酚(R)共缩聚制备间苯二酚-双醛淀粉-甲醛(RDSF)树脂胶黏剂。研究了双醛淀粉用量、共反应p H、共反应温度和共反应时间对RDSF树脂胶黏剂固体含量、黏度、固化时间和胶接强度的影响。结果表明,双醛淀粉加入量为0. 15mol,共反应p H值为9. 0,共反应温度为70℃,共反应时间为90 min时,制得的RDSF树脂胶黏剂综合性能最佳,此时固体含量为42. 59%,黏度为725 m Pa·s,固化时间为53 s,干状胶合强度为1. 38 MPa,湿状胶合强度为1. 17 MPa。傅里叶变换红外光谱测试发现RDSF树脂的结构近似于间苯二酚-甲醛(RF)树脂,表明RDSF树脂可代替RF树脂使用。差示扫描量热分析发现RDSF树脂的固化温度和固化焓值低于RF树脂,固化峰值温度为77. 43℃,固化焓值为-238. 91 J/g,表明其固化能耗更低。

Analysis and Improvement of Steganography Protocol Based on Bell States in Noise Environment

In the field of quantum communication,quantum steganography is an important branch of quantum information hiding.In a realistic quantum communication system,quantum noises are unavoidable and will seriously impact the safety and reliability of the quantum steganographic system.Therefore,it is very important to analyze the influence of noise on the quantum steganography protocol and how to reduce the effect of noise.This paper takes the quantum steganography protocol proposed in 2010 as an example to analyze the effects of noises on information qubits and secret message qubits in the four primary quantum noise environments.The results show that when the noise factor of one quantum channel noise is known,the size of the noise factor of the other quantum channel can be adjusted accordingly,such as artificially applying noise,so that the influence of noises on the protocol is minimized.In addition,this paper also proposes a method of improving the efficiency of the steganographic protocol in a noisy environment.

Effects of freeze–thaw cycles on soil N_2O concentration and flux in the permafrost regions of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

Nitrous oxide(N_2 O) is one of the most important greenhouse gases in the atmosphere; freeze–thaw cycles(FTCs) might strongly influence the emission of soil N_2 O on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau(QTP). However, there is a lack of in situ research on the characteristics of soil N_2 O concentration and flux in response to variations in soil properties caused by FTCs.Here, we report the effect of FTC-induced changes in soil properties on the soil N_2 O concentration and flux in the permafrost region of the higher reaches of the Shule River Basin on the northeastern margin of the QTP. We measured chemical properties of the topsoil, activities of soil microorganisms, and air temperature(AT), as well as soil N_2 O concentration and flux, over an annual cycle from July 31, 2011, to July 30, 2012. The results showed that soil N_2 O concentration was significantly affected by soil temperature(ST), soil moisture(SM), soil salinity(SS), soil polyphenol oxidase(SPO), soil alkaline phosphatase(SAP), and soil culturable actinomycetes(SCA), ranked as SM>SS>ST>SPO>SAP>SCA, whereas ST significantly increased soil N_2 O flux, compared with SS. Overall, our study indicated that the soil N_2 O concentration and flux in permafrost zone FTCs were strongly affected by soil properties, especially soil moisture, soil salinity, and soil temperature.

Mechanically flexible reduced graphene oxide/carbon composite films for high-performance quasi-solid-state lithium-ion capacitors

Practical applications of diverse flexible wearable electronics require electrochemical energy storage(EES)devices with multiple configurations.Moreover,to fabricate flexible EES devices with high energy density and stability,organic integration from electrode design to device assembly is required.To address these challenges,a free-standing reduced graphene oxide(rGO)/carbon film with a unique sandwich structure has been designed via the assistance of vacuum-assistant filtration for lithium-ion capacitors(LICs).The graphene acts as not only a binder to construct a three-dimensional conductive network but also an active material to provide additional capacitive lithium storage sites,thus enabling fast ion/electron transport and improving the capacity.The designed rGO/hard carbon(rGO/HC)and rGO/activated carbon(rGO/AC)free-standing films exhibit enhanced specific capacities(513.7 mA h g^(-1)for rGO/HC and 102.8 mA h g^(-1)for rGO/AC)and excellent stability.Moreover,the integrated flexible quasi-solid-state rGO/AC//rGO/HC LIC devices possess a maximum energy density of 138.3 Wh kg^(-1),a high power density of 11 kW kg^(-1),and improved cycling performance(84.4%capacitance maintained after 10,000 cycles),superior to the AC//HC LIC(43.5%retention).Such a strategy enlightens the development of portable flexible LICs.

Full-Blind Delegating Private Quantum Computation

The delegating private quantum computation(DQC)protocol with the universal quantum gate set{X,Z,H,P,R,CNOT}was firstly proposed by Broadbent et al.[Broadbent(2015)],and then Tan et al.[Tan and Zhou(2017)]tried to put forward a half-blind DQC protocol(HDQC)with another universal set{H,P,CNOT,T}.However,the decryption circuit of Toffoli gate(i.e.T)is a little redundant,and Tan et al.’s protocol[Tan and Zhou(2017)]exists the information leak.In addition,both of these two protocols just focus on the blindness of data(i.e.the client’s input and output),but do not consider the blindness of computation(i.e.the delegated quantum operation).For solving these problems,we propose a full-blind DQC protocol(FDQC)with quantum gate set{H,P,CNOT,T},where the desirable delegated quantum operation,one of{H,P,CNOT,T},is replaced by a fixed sequence(H,P,CZ,CNOT,T)to make the computation blind,and the decryption circuit of Toffoli gate is also optimized.Analysis shows that our protocol can not only correctly perform any delegated quantum computation,but also holds the characteristics of data blindness and computation blindness.

Quantum Blockchain: A Decentralized, Encrypted and Distributed Database Based on Quantum Mechanics

Quantum blockchain can be understood as a decentralized, encrypted anddistributed database based on quantum computation and quantum information theory.Once the data is recorded in the quantum blockchain, it will not be maliciously tamperedwith. In recent years, the development of quantum computation and quantum informationtheory makes more and more researchers focus on the research of quantum blockchain. Inthis paper, we review the developments in the field of quantum blockchain, and brieflyanalyze its advantages compared with the classical blockchain. The construction and theframework of the quantum blockchain are introduced. Then we introduce the method ofapplying quantum technology to a certain part of the general blockchain. In addition, theadvantages of quantum blockchain compared with classical blockchain and itsdevelopment prospects are summarized.

Energy evolution and water immersion‑induced weakening in sandstone roof of coal mines

The instability of underground spaces in abandoned coal mines with water-immersed rocks is one of the main hazards hindering the geothermal energy use and ecological restoration of post-mining areas.This study conducted graded cyclic loading–unloading tests of fve groups of sandstone samples with diferent water contents.The evolution of input,elastic,dissipated,damping,and plastic energies were explored,considering the damping efect.The normalized plastic energy serves to characterize the damage evolution of sandstone samples,whose failure characteristics were analyzed from both the macroscopic and microscopic perspectives.X-ray difraction technique and scanning electron microscopy were used to reveal the softening mechanism of sandstone.The results show that under graded cyclic loading,input energy,elastic energy,and dissipated energy all increase gradually,and the fraction of elastic energy increases gradually at frst and then tends to stabilize.The variation in the fraction of dissipated energy is opposite to that of elastic energy.In each cycle,the input energy is stored primarily in the form of elastic energy,whereas the dissipated energy is used primarily to overcome the damping of sandstone.When the normalized number of cycles approached unity,the plastic energy fraction sharply increases,while that of the dampening energy drops abruptly.With increasing water content,the efect of pore water on the lubrication,the water wedge,and dissolution of mineral particles becomes more obvious,reducing the elastic-storage limit of sandstone,meanwhile the sandstone damage factor increases signifcantly under the same cycle and the failure mode changes from brittle to ductile.

Quantum Algorithms and Experiment Implementations Based on IBM Q

With the rapid development of quantum theory and technology in recent years,especially the emergence of some quantum cloud computing platforms,more and more researchers are not satisfied with the theoretical derivation and simulation verification of quantum computation(especially quantum algorithms),experimental verification on real quantum devices has become a new trend.In this paper,three representative quantum algorithms,namely Deutsch-Jozsa,Grover,and Shor algorithms,are briefly depicted,and then their implementation circuits are presented,respectively.We program these circuits on python with QISKit to connect the remote real quantum devices(i.e.,ibmqx4,ibmqx5)on IBM Q to verify these algorithms.The experimental results not only show the feasibility of these algorithms,but also serve to evaluate the functionality of these devices.

Cluster mean-field study of spinor Bose-Hubbard ladder:Ground-state phase diagram and many-body population dynamics

We present a cluster mean-field study for ground-state phase diagram and many-body dynamics of spin-1 bosons confined in a two-chain Bose-Hubbard ladder(BHL).For unbiased BHL,we find superfluid(SF)phase and integer filling Mott insulator(Int MI)phase.For biased BHL,in addition to the SF and Int MI phases,there appears half-integer filling Mott insulator(HInt MI)phase.The phase transition between the SF and Int MI phases can be first order at a part of phase boundaries,while the phase transition between the SF and HInt MI phases is always second order.By tuning the bias energy,we report on the change of the nature of SF-MI phase transitions.Furthermore,we study the effect of the spin-dependent interaction on the many-body population dynamics.The spin-dependent interaction can lead to rich dynamical behaviors,but does not influence the particle transfer efficiency.Our results indicate a way to tune the nature of the SF-MI phase transition and open a new avenue to study the many-body dynamics of spinor bosons in optical lattices.

Structural Domain Imaging and Direct Determination of Crystallographic Orientation in Noncentrosymmetric Ca3 Ru2O7 Using Polarized Light Reflectance

The noncentrosymmetricity of a prototypical correlated electron system Ca3Ru2O7 renders extensive interest in the possible polar metallic state,along with multiple other closely competing interactions.However,the structural domain formation in this material often complicates the study of intrinsic material properties.It is crucial to fully characterize the structural domains for unrevealing underlying physics.Here,we report the domain imaging on Ca3Ru2O7 crystal using the reflection of polarized light at normal incidence.The reflection anisotropy measurement utilizes the relative orientation between electric field component of the incident polarized light and the principal axis of the crystal,and gives rise to a peculiar contrast.The domain walls are found to be the interfaces between 90° rotated twin crystals by complementary magnetization measurements.A distinct contrast in reflectance is also found in the opposite cleavage surfaces,owing to the polar mode of the RuO6 octahedra.More importantly,the analysis of the contrast between all inequivalent cleavage surfaces enables a direct determination of the crystallographic orientation of each domain.Such an approach provides an efficient yet feasible method for structural domain characterization,which can also find applications in noncentrosymmetric crystals in general.

Pollination Biology of the Endangered Herbal Medicines Dendrobium chrysotoxum(Orchidaceae)

Pollination biology studies of the endangered herbal medicines Dendrobium chrysotoxum were conducted in natural pollination conditions using flower observation,pollinator observation and artificial pollination experiments.Populations of D.chrysotoxum with fragrance and nectar were pollinated by Ctenoplectra davidi Valhalla(Hymenoptera:Apidae)species.The floral structure of D.chrysotoxum adapted precisely to its pollinators.Flowers had a low capsule setting(0.17%)under natural conditions.However,compared to open pollination,artificial pollination experiments showed a significant increase in capsule setting,and D.chrysotoxum was cross-compatible and self-compatible,but there was pollinator limitation also.This study will provide important information for the preservation of this endangered species.

A New Spectral Method Using Nonstandard Singular Basis Functions for Time-Fractional Differential Equations

In this paper,we introduce new non-polynomial basis functions for spectral approximation of time-fractional partial differential equations (PDEs). Different from many other approaches,the nonstandard singular basis functions are defined from some generalised Birkhoff interpolation problems through explicit inversion of some prototypical fractional initial value problem (FIVP) with a smooth source term. As such,the singularity of the new basis can be tailored to that of the singular solutions to a class of time-fractional PDEs,leading to spectrally accurate approximation. It also provides the acceptable solution to more general singular problems.

Quantum Algorithm for Appointment Scheduling

Suppose a practical scene that when two or more parties want to schedule anappointment, they need to share their calendars with each other in order to make itpossible. According to the present result the whole communication cost to solve thisproblem should be their calendars’ length by using a classical algorithm. In this work, weinvestigate the appointment schedule issue made by N users and try to accomplish it inquantum information case. Our study shows that the total communication cost will bequadratic times smaller than the conventional case if we apply a quantum algorithm in theappointment-scheduling problem.

Quantum Multi-User Detection Based on Coherent State Signals

Multi-user detection is one of the important technical problems for moderncommunications. In the field of quantum communication, the multi-access channel onwhich we apply the technology of quantum information processing is still an openquestion. In this work, we investigate the multi-user detection problem based on thebinary coherent-state signals whose communication way is supposed to be seen as aquantum channel. A binary phase shift keying model of this multi-access channel isstudied and a novel method of quantum detection proposed according to the conclusionof the quantum measurement theory. As a result, the average interference betweendeferent users is presented and the average error probability of the quantum detection isderived theoretically. Finally, we show the maximum channel capacity of this effectivedetection for a two-access quantum channel.

A Novel Method to against Quantum Noises in Quantum Teleportation

In order to improve the anti-noise performance of quantum teleportation,this paper proposes a novel dynamic quantum anti-noise scheme based on the quantum teleportation which transmits single qubit state using Bell state.Considering that quantum noise only acts on the transmitted qubit,i.e.,the entangled state that Alice and Bob share in advance is affected by the noise,thus affecting the final transmission result.In this paper,a method for dynamically adjusting the shared entangled state according to the noise environment is proposed.By calculating the maximum fidelity of the output state to determine the shared entangled state,which makes the quantum teleportation be affected by the noise as little as possible.This paper calculates the fidelity of teleportation under four kinds of channel noise(amplitude damping,phase damping,bit flip and depolarizing noise).The results show that the scheme has a suppression effect on phase damping,bit flip and depolarizing noise under certain conditions.When the noise intensity is larger,the optimized efficiency is better.

Tuning interfacial charge transfer for efficient visible-light-driven photodegradation and simultaneous H_(2)evolution

The edge-graphitized carbon nitride(C_(3)N_(4)-C g)was prepared by secondary pyrolysis to construct ZnO/C_(3)N_(4)-C g(ZCN)type-Ⅱheterojunction photocatalyst via a facile sonication dispersion method,which achieved∼7.04-fold and∼18.3-fold enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance for refrac-tory micropollutant removal and simultaneous hydrogen(H_(2))evolution respectively compared to con-ventional ZnO/g-C_(3)N_(4)Step-scheme heterojunction.The apparent quantum efficiency of the ZCN_(0.4)het-erojunction reaches 0.92%(λ=420 nm).Such excellent performance stems from that the edge-graphene moieties stitched onto the interface of heterojunction extend light absorption to the full visible spec-trum,meanwhile,the built-in electric field generated during Fermi level alignment accompanying fa-vorable band-bending structure provides an effective pathway for the rapid migration of photoinduced electrons via the edge graphene channel to improve interfacial charge separation efficiency.Interestingly,the midgap states introduced in ZCN heterojunction could temporarily retain photoexcited electrons to effectively inhibit the in situ carrier recombination for improved photocatalytic H_(2)evolution.Moreover,ZCN/peroxymonosulfate system exhibited excellent anti-interference performance against complex water bodies under visible illumination due to the synergistic effect between the co-existing anions and organic matter.Meanwhile,the eco-friendly nature of the ZCN/peroxymonosulfate system showed no biotoxicity of reaction filtrate on cell proliferation after treatment,which avoided secondary contamination.Consid-ering the outstanding performance in photocatalysis,the ZCN system exhibits broad potential for practical applications in water pollution control and green energy production.

Non-covalent interaction of atomically dispersed dual-site catalysts featuring Co and Ni nascent pair sites for efficient electrocatalytic overall water splitting

The scarcity of highly effective and economical catalysts is a major impediment to the widespread adop-tion of electrochemical water splitting for the generation of hydrogen.MoS_(2),a low-cost candidate,suffers from inefficient catalytic activity.Nonetheless,a captivating strategy has emerged,which involves the en-gineering of heteroatom doping to enhance electrochemical proficiency.This investigation demonstrates a successful implementation of the strategy by combining ultrathin MoS_(2) nanosheets with Co and Ni dual single multi-atoms(DSMAs)grown directly on 2D N-doped carbon nanosheets(CoNi-MoS_(2)/NCNs)for the purpose of improving hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).With the aid of a dual-atom doped bifunctional electrocatalyst,effective water splitting has been achieved across a broad pH range in electrolytes.The double doping of Co and Ni strengthens their interactions,thereby altering the electromagnetic composition of the host MoS_(2) and ultimately leading to improved electrocat-alytic activity.Additionally,the synergistic effect between NCNs and MoS_(2) nanosheets provided efficient electron transport channels for ions and an ample surface area with open voids for ion diffusion.Con-sequently,the CoNi-MoS_(2)/NCNs catalysts demonstrated exceptional stability and activity,producing low degree overpotentials of 180.5,124.9,and 196.4 mV for HER and 200,203,and 207 mV for OER in neu-tral,alkaline,and acidic mediums,respectively,while also exhibiting outstanding overall water-splitting performance,durability,and stability when used as an electrolyzer at universal pH.