Candidate genes conferring ethylene-response in cultivated peanuts determined by BSA-seq and fine-mapping

Ethylene plays essential roles in plant growth,development and stress responses.The ethylene signaling pathway and molecular mechanism have been studied extensively in Arabidopsis and rice but limited in peanuts.Here,we established a sand-culture method to screen pingyangmycin mutagenized peanut lines based on their specific response to ethylene(“triple response”).An ethylene-insensitive mutant,inhibition of peanut hypocotyl elongation 1(iph1),was identified that showed reduced sensitivity to ethylene in both hypocotyl elongation and root growth.Through bulked segregant analysis sequencing,a major gene related to iph1,named AhIPH1,was preliminarily mapped at the chromosome Arahy.01,and further narrowed to a 450-kb genomic region through substitution mapping strategy.A total of 7014 genes were differentially expressed among the ACC treatment through RNA-seq analysis,of which only the Arahy.5BLU0Q gene in the candidate mapping interval was differentially expressed between WT and mutant iph1.Integrating sequence variations,functional annotation and transcriptome analysis revealed that a predicated gene,Arahy.5BLU0Q,encoding SNF1 protein kinase,may be the candidate gene for AhIPH1.This gene contained two single-nucleotide polymorphisms at promoter region and was more highly expressed in iph1 than WT.Our findings reveal a novel ethylene-responsive gene,which provides a theoretical foundation and new genetic resources for the mechanism of ethylene signaling in peanuts.

Regulating intramolecular hydrogen bonds of p-phenylenediimidazole-based small-molecule compounds towards the enhanced lithium storage capacity

The use of redox-active organic electrode materials in energy storage is restricted due to their inferior solvent resistance,abysmal conductivity,and the resultant low practical capacity.To address these issues,a class of bipolar p-phenylenediimidazole-based small-molecule compounds are designed and fabricated.Theπ-conjugated backbone of these small molecules allows for electron delocalization on a big conjugation plane,endowing them with good conductivity and reaction reversibility.Furthermore,when the para-positions of phenylene are occupied by hydroxyl groups,as-formed intramolecular hydrogen bonds(N–H…O)between phenolic hydroxyl groups and the–NH groups of imidazole rings further enhance the structural planarity,resulting in higherπ-conjugation degree and better conductivity,and thus higher utilization of active sites and electrode capacity,proved by both experimental results and theoretical calculations.The optimized composite electrode DBNQ@rGO-45 shows a high specific capacity(∼308 mA h g^(−1)at 100 mA g^(−1))and a long cycling stability(112.9 mA h g^(−1)after 6000 cycles at 2000 mA g^(−1)).The significantly better electrochemical properties for hydroxyl group-containing compounds than those without hydroxyl groups attributed to intramolecular hydrogen bond-induced conjugation enhancement will inspire the structure design of organic electrodes for better energy storage.

有机光催化剂用于太阳能水分解:分子水平和聚集体水平改性

利用太阳能光解水产氢是实现氢能开发最绿色且可持续的理想技术。为了提高太阳能的转换效率,设计和发展高效、稳定、宽/全光谱响应光催化产氢体系成为关键研究课题。相比于无机半导体,有机半导体具有丰富的π电子和结构可修饰性,使其光学吸收和能带结构易剪裁,光催化路径多样。但低的介电常数造成其载流子迁移率低及迁移距离短。通过有目的地改变有机分子结构,可以轻松地设计和调控有机半导体的能带位置、增加摩尔吸光系数,改善材料对于整个太阳光谱中可见光或红外光的利用;通过功能分子微纳组装或集成,可进一步获得不同组分、维度(0维、1维、2维、3维)、尺寸、晶体学取向的有机光催化剂。有机微纳/复合结构的优异的比表面积、分子排布结构或能级排列结构可进一步提高太阳能的利用率和光生电荷的传输/分离效率,从而提高整体光电转换效率和产氢效率。然而,由于复杂的反应过程和设计困难,整个有机半导体的光催化物理化学过程仍不清楚。在这里,光催化的基本原理从光捕获、光激发电荷分离、表面反应的角度进行了讨论。随后详细总结了有机半导体纳米结构的制备方法包括超分子自组装、再沉淀法、气相沉积法以及其他方法。描述了典型的有机半导体材料,包括苝二酰亚胺、四吡咯化合物、富勒烯、g-C3N4及其他共轭聚合物的微纳结构调控,光物理性质调变及其在光解水产氢中的应用,目的是阐明结构-性质-性能之间的构效关系,从而进一步指导光催化剂的合理设计。重点针对有机半导体存在的问题,介绍了其在光催化产氢应用中改性策略:分子水平上引入不同取代基、基团、原子取代;聚集体水平上调整不同形貌和尺寸、组分和维度、设计多孔结构,从而获得更高效的光催化产氢性能。最后,提出了有机纳米材料在光解水产氢中的关键挑战和未来前景展望。

锚泊线海床开槽与锚泊基础承载力研究进展综述

Mooring systems are usually adopted to position floating structures,including mooring lines and anchors,and directly determine the safety of floating structures.Seabed inspection reported that seabed trenches induced by mooring line-soil interaction appear in front of the anchor and reduce the anchor bearing capacity.This work first introduces the research progress of mooring line-soil interaction and seabed trenching simulation.Research about the suction anchor capacity in clay and sand is presented,and the seabed trench influence on anchor capacity is analyzed.For anchor analysis,this study gives a new perspective to analyze anchor installation and bearing capacity,i.e.,structure-soil interface characteristic.Some common anchor types are analyzed.Results showed that seabed trench simulation is still needed to acquire trench 3D profiles,in which the mooring line-soil dynamic interaction cannot be ignored.At present,the trench influence is not considered in suction anchor design,making the design dangerous.For the anchor,the interface shear characteristics control the most unfavorable loading conditions.Thus,accurate interface parameters should be obtained for anchor analysis.

Deciphering neural circuits mediating sound-induced analgesia

Pain is one of the most common clinical symptoms and a leading cause of disability worldwide(GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators,2017).Furthermore,pain is closely associated with various emotional disorders,including anxiety and depression,which may,in turn,heighten pain intensity and prolong its duration(Bair et al.,2003).In previous studies,we identified the neural circuits underlying chronic pain-induced depression and anxiety as well as depression-induced allodynia(Zhou et al.

慢性疼痛共患抑郁症的神经环路

慢性疼痛共患抑郁症(comorbid depressive symptoms in chronic pain, CDS)是常见的健康问题,但其神经环路机制仍然不清楚。本研究发现一条新的神经环路,即来自中缝背核(DRN)的五羟色胺(5-HT^DRN)直接投射到杏仁体中央核(CeA)中生长抑素(somatostatin, SOM)阳性和阴性的中间神经元。杏仁体中央核SOM (SOM^CeA)阳性神经元直接投射到调节抑郁的外侧缰核(LHb)。慢性疼痛雄性小鼠中的5-HT^DRN→SOM^CeA神经通路被抑制。通过化学遗传和光遗传方法激活这条通路减轻了小鼠的抑郁样行为。功能性磁共振成像数据显示,与健康人相比,慢性疼痛共患抑郁症病人中CeA和DRN的脑区之间的功能连接减弱,而慢性疼痛不并发抑郁的病人此功能连接减弱不明显。这些研究结果表明5-HT^DRN→SOM^CeA→LHb神经通路可能参与调节CDS的一些特征。

Effect of glucose on the soil bacterial diversity and function in the rhizosphere of Cerasus sachalinensis

Most cherry orchards in China have low organic carbon content,though carbon is very important for plant growth.The changes in soil carbon and bacterial diversity were determined after different amounts of 12C-glucose were added to the rhizosphere of Cerasus sachalinensis.Soil bacteria diversity was measured using high throughput sequencing,and bacteria containing 13C-glucose were identified using DNA-SIP methods.The results demonstrated that soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC)content and the soil respiratory rate were increased at 3 and 7 days after adding glucose.The soil organic carbon(SOC)content was decreased on the 7th day in the treatment where the added glucose-C was equivalent to the MBC content.SOC content was decreased on the 15th day after adding glucose-C equivalent to five times that of the soil MBC.Compared to the controls,the relative abundance of taxa at the phylum level displayed no significant change in the treatments with glucose-C added as 10%and equal amount of soil MBC 3–30 days after treatment.However,the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased significantly in the treatment with the addition of glucose-C equivalent to five times of soil MBC.The main changes were observed in the bacteria in several genera including A4,Flavisolibacter,Aquicella,and Candidatus Solibacter.DNA-SIP results indicated that the relative abundance of the Proteobacteria and Pseudomonas was the highest;these were the primary bacteria phylum and genus,respectively,from day 3 to day 15.In conclusion,the changing pattern demonstrated that with the addition of more glucose,the range of the bacterial communities changed more.Proteobacteria and Pseudomonas may be the bacteria promoting priming effect.

Optimizing the Exhaust System of Marine Diesel Engines to Improve Low-speed Performances and Cylinder Working Conditions

Proper design of exhaust systems in marine high-power turbocharged diesel engines can contribute to improve the low-speed performance of these engines and make the working conditions of the cylinders more uniform.Here a high-power marine 16-cylinder V-type turbocharged diesel engine is simulated using the GT-Power software.The results reveal the differences induced by different exhaust system structures,such as an 8-cylinder-inpipe exhaust system with single/double superchargers and a 4-cylinder-in-pipe exhaust system with a single supercharger.After a comparative analysis,the 8-cylinder type with double superchargers is determined to be the optimal solution,and the structure of the exhaust system is further optimized.The simulations show that the optimized maximum exhaust temperature difference among cylinders is reduced by 66%.Finally,the simulation results and the optimized performance of the designed exhaust system are verified through experiments.

有机微结构诱导的分级多孔g-C_(3)N_(4)光催化剂

为了保证光催化的高光吸收和电化学动力学,构建分级多孔光催化剂十分必要.类石墨相氮化碳(g-C_(3)N_(4))易于合成、理化性质稳定、稳定性好和带隙合适等优点,特别是其可调的微/纳米结构,使其成为分级多孔光催化剂一个很好的选择.然而,具有层次孔的g-C_(3)N_(4)的简易制备仍然是一个难点.本文中,我们首次用均匀的有机微结构作为软模板,用简单方法制备了分级多孔g-C_(3)N_(4).该有机微纳结构模板是在硫脲前驱体溶液中原位形成的,与g-C_(3)N_(4)相似的π共轭结构使其能够有效修饰g-C_(3)N_(4)的分子结构.结果表明,合成的g-C_(3)N_(4)具有分级的中孔和大孔,比表面积为27.34 m^(2)g^(−1),孔体积为0.18 cm^(3)g^(−1),分别是未改性g-C_(3)N_(4)的6.2倍和9.0倍.这种分级多孔结构有利于电荷/质量传输过程,使其光降解有机污染物能力增强了2.4倍.同时,此光催化剂具有良好的光稳定性,长期使用100分钟后效率仅损失20%.

Aqueous synthesis of 79%efficient AgInGaS/ZnS quantum dots for extremely high color rendering white light-emitting diodes

Over the past few decades,I-III-VI quantum dots(QDs)have attracted considerable attention due to their large Stokes shifts,good eco-friendliness,and wide tunable emissions.In this work,a facile microwave-assisted aqueous route using glutathione(GSH)and citric acid(CA)as dual stabilizers is introduced to synthesize AgInGaS/ZnS(AIGS/ZnS)core/shell QDs.An exceptional photoluminescence quantum yield(PL QY)as high as 79%is successfully achieved,boosting the best performance of water-dispersible AIGS QDs.By varying the Ag/Ga ratio,the PL peak wavelength can be tuned from 547 to 616 nm,and luminescent hydrogel films with different colors are obtained by embedding AIGS/ZnS QDs in polyacrylamide/poly-vinyl alcohol(PAAm/PVA)hydrogels.The white light-emitting diode(WLED)with a high color rendering index(CRI)of 92.1(R_(9)=92.0)and a correlated color temperature(CCT)of 3022 K is fabricated using QDs-PAAm/PVA hydrogel films in combination with a blue InGaN LED chip,indicating that the as-prepared QDs are competitive color-conversion materials for WLEDs.

高油酸花生新品种宇花91的选育

宇花91是青岛农业大学选育的高油酸花生新品种。以普通油酸含量品种鲁花11号为母本,F435型高油酸花生品种开农1715为父本配置杂交组合。利用PCR产物测序法筛选获得F1代真杂种,对F2代单株提取叶片基因组DNA,利用PCR产物测序法筛选基因型纯合的单株个体。对当代收获的单株籽粒利用近红外法多粒模型测定油酸、亚油酸含量,筛选油酸含量在80%以上且油酸亚油酸比值在10.0以上的单株种植成株行,随后利用系谱法进行选择育种。宇花91荚果为普通型小果,网纹较细、较明显,百果重148.06 g,百仁重63.31 g,果皮薄,出米率75.15%。籽仁长椭圆形,种皮粉红色、无裂纹,内种皮白色。籽仁蛋白质含量26.57%,脂肪含量52.72%,油酸含量80.40%,亚油酸含量2.50%,棕榈酸含量5.57%,油酸亚油酸比值32.16。苗期生长旺盛,封垄早,结果集中,中抗叶斑病和青枯病。2017年参加山东省夏播多点试验,平均荚果产量215.79 kg/667 m2,比对照花育20号增产15.27%;平均籽仁产量157.33kg/667m2,比对照花育20号增产21.64%。2018年通过国家花生品种登记,登记号:GPD花生(2018) 370210,适于在山东花生产区种植。

Quantum dots-hydrogel composites for biomedical applications

Quantum dots-hydrogel composites are promising new materials that have attracted extensive attention due to their incomparable biocompatibility and acceptable biodegradability, leading to enormous potential applications for various fields. This review summarizes the recent advances in quantum dots-hydrogel composites with a focus on synthesis methods, including hydrogel gelation in quantum dots(QDs) solution, embedding prepared QDs into hydrogels after gelation, forming QDs in situ within the preformed gel and cross-linking via QDs to form hydrogels. In particularly, biomedical applications as bioimaging,biosensing and drug delivery are also reviewed, followed by a discussion on the inherent challenges of design optimization, biocompatibility and bimodal applications and the prospect of the future development. These results will guide the development of quantum dots-hydrogel composites and provide critical insights to inspire researchers in future.

Organic photocatalysts:From molecular to aggregate level

Organic semiconductors(OSCs)have the advantages of tunable molecular structures,suitable band gaps,and exceptional optoelectronic properties.The π-π stacking ability of OSCs also leads to appealing molecular stacking structure,function,and stability.So far,organic photocatalysts have engaged in homogeneous or heterogeneous photocatalysis in the form of free molecules,supported molecules,or nanostructures.Meanwhile,researches on organic photocatalysts have expanded from small organic molecules to the organic macromolecules,as well as their various nanostructures and nanocomposites including isolated zero-dimensional(0D),one-dimensional(1D),two-dimensional(2D),three-dimensional(3D)nanostructures,and their combinations.Therefore,many versatile strategies have been explored to improve photocatalytic ability and practicality either from molecular synthetic modification,crystal,or interface engineering.In this review,we first discuss the photophysical and photochemical processes of organic photocatalysts that govern the ultimate photocatalytic efficiency;we then summarize different forms of organic photocatalysts,their rational design strategies,and mechanistic pathways,as well as their applications in H_(2) evolution,CO_(2) reduction,and environmental purification,aiming to highlight the structure/property relationships;we lastly propose ongoing directions and challenges for future development of organic photocatalysts in real use.

Organic semiconductor nanostructures:optoelectronic properties,modification strategies,and photocatalytic applications

Organic semiconductors(OSCs)possess diverse chemical structures and tailored optoelectronic properties via simple chemical modifications,so increasing use of them are found in efficient visible-light photo-catalysis.However,the weak chemical bonds and the poor charge behavior(e.g.,low concentration of free charge carriers,low carrier mobility)intrinsic in them,always incur quite limited stability and efficiency.Therefore,the assembly of them into refined nanostructures or nanocomposites is usually proposed to enhance their optoelectronic properties,as well as the photocatalytic efficiency and reliability.Zero-dimensional(0D)nanoparticles are low in size and hence high specific surface area(SSA);One-dimensional(1D)nanostructures are usually arranged in an orderly long range thus leading to low surface defect density and increased carrier mobility;Two-dimensional(2D)nanostructures are particularly capa-ble of enhancing the photogenerated charge utilization because of their large reaction sites and shortened charge transport length.Furthermore,the building of heterogeneous interfaces in the nanocomposites can effectively facilitate the special charge separation.All these highlight the importance of organic nanos-tructures in improving the photocatalytic activity and stability.Therefore,organic semiconductor nanostructures(OSNs)have been increasingly used in the photocatalytic water splitting into H_(2) and O_(2),CO_(2) reduction,pollutant decomposition,disinfection,etc.In this review,we first examine the important optoelectronic properties of OSNs that govern the photocatalytic processes;we then analyze different classes of OSNs and their mechanistic pathways,with an emphasis on the structure-property relationships;we also introduced various photocatalytic applications of OSNs;we lastly propose the challenges and future outlook in real use.

Exploring information divide based on a theoretical view of information source horizon

This study sheds light on the information divide based on a theoretical view of Information Source Horizon proposed by Reijo Savolainen. Through a field study, the subjective factors and objective factors have been explored. Aiming to understand the differentiation of information richness or poorness among various people, this paper makes a comparative analysis on the broadness of information source horizon across different groups divided by demographics. Firstly, information richness is not only utilizing the socially designed information space adequately, but also brings subjective dynamics into information practice initiatively. Secondly, people who are unable to get access to these types of information sources own a relatively high possibility to fall into poor information situations. Thirdly, a complex relationship is built between the broadness of information source horizon and demographics of the sample. This study tries to interpret the information divide through a new theoretical perspective, and thus this endeavor is helpful for deepening of information divide research. The findings of this study imply new ideas for governance of information poverty. Creative connections between information source horizon theory and information divide phenomena have been made. Therefore, we contribute a new exploration and explanation for information divide.

Can public information service improve the information equality? An investigation on the intervention efficiency of public libraries on the information divide

The purpose of this study is to shed light on the intervention efficiency of public libraries.Those institutions are always designed to provide public information services for local residents to dimish information divide.Through the research program,we expected to provide both a theoretical reference and practical enlightenment on the assessment of social benefit of public