Near-infrared(NIR)spectral analysis,which has the advantages of rapidness,nondestruction and high-efficiency,is widely used in the detection of feed,food and mineral.In terms of qualitative identification,it can also ...Near-infrared(NIR)spectral analysis,which has the advantages of rapidness,nondestruction and high-efficiency,is widely used in the detection of feed,food and mineral.In terms of qualitative identification,it can also be used for the discriminant analysis of medicines.Long short-term memory(LSTM)neural network,bidirectional long short-term memory(BiLSTM)neural network and gated recurrent unit(GRU)network are variants of the recurrent neural network(RNN).The potential relationship between nonlinear features learned from the sequence by these variants is used to complete the missions infields such as natural language processing,signal classification and video analysis.Since the effect of these variants in drug identification is still to be studied,this paper constructs a multiclassifier of these three variants,using compoundα-keto acid tablets produced by four manufacturers and repaglinide tablets produced by five manufacturers as the research object.Then,the paper analyzes the impacts of seven different preprocessed methods on the drug NIR data by constructing different layers of LSTM,BiLSTM and GRU networks and compares different classification model indicators and training time of each model.When the spectrum data are pre-processed by z-score normalization,the GRU-3 model has the best accuracy in all models.The BiLSTM models are better for analyzing high coincidence data.The method proposed in this paper can be further extended to other NIR spectroscopy data sets.展开更多
DNA methylation is an epigenetic mark important for genome stability and gene expression.In Arabidopsis thaliana,the 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylase/demethylase DEMETER(DME)controls active DNA demethylation during th...DNA methylation is an epigenetic mark important for genome stability and gene expression.In Arabidopsis thaliana,the 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylase/demethylase DEMETER(DME)controls active DNA demethylation during the reproductive stage;however,the lethality of loss-of-function dme mutations has made it difficult to assess DME function in vegetative tissues.Here,we edited DME using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 and created three weak dme mutants that produced a few viable seeds.We also performed central cell-specific complementation in a strong dme mutant and combined this line with mutations in the other three Arabidopsis demethylase genes to generate the dme ros1 dml2 dml3(drdd)quadruple mutant.A DNA methylome analysis showed that DME is required for DNA demethylation at hundreds of genomic regions in vegetative tissues.A transcriptome analysis of the drdd mutant revealed that DME and the other three demethylases are important for plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in vegetative tissues.Despite the limited role of DME in regulating DNA methylation in vegetative tissues,the dme mutants showed increased susceptibility to bacterial and fungal pathogens.Our study highlights the important functions of DME in vegetative tissues and provides valuable genetic tools for future investigations of DNA demethylation in plants.展开更多
基金This research was supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(Grant Nos.2017B020221002,2018B020207008 and 2021B1111610005)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou,Grant No.201707010410。
文摘Near-infrared(NIR)spectral analysis,which has the advantages of rapidness,nondestruction and high-efficiency,is widely used in the detection of feed,food and mineral.In terms of qualitative identification,it can also be used for the discriminant analysis of medicines.Long short-term memory(LSTM)neural network,bidirectional long short-term memory(BiLSTM)neural network and gated recurrent unit(GRU)network are variants of the recurrent neural network(RNN).The potential relationship between nonlinear features learned from the sequence by these variants is used to complete the missions infields such as natural language processing,signal classification and video analysis.Since the effect of these variants in drug identification is still to be studied,this paper constructs a multiclassifier of these three variants,using compoundα-keto acid tablets produced by four manufacturers and repaglinide tablets produced by five manufacturers as the research object.Then,the paper analyzes the impacts of seven different preprocessed methods on the drug NIR data by constructing different layers of LSTM,BiLSTM and GRU networks and compares different classification model indicators and training time of each model.When the spectrum data are pre-processed by z-score normalization,the GRU-3 model has the best accuracy in all models.The BiLSTM models are better for analyzing high coincidence data.The method proposed in this paper can be further extended to other NIR spectroscopy data sets.
基金supported by a grant from the Chinese Academy of Sciences to J.K.Z.by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 31900482)to H.H.
文摘DNA methylation is an epigenetic mark important for genome stability and gene expression.In Arabidopsis thaliana,the 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylase/demethylase DEMETER(DME)controls active DNA demethylation during the reproductive stage;however,the lethality of loss-of-function dme mutations has made it difficult to assess DME function in vegetative tissues.Here,we edited DME using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 and created three weak dme mutants that produced a few viable seeds.We also performed central cell-specific complementation in a strong dme mutant and combined this line with mutations in the other three Arabidopsis demethylase genes to generate the dme ros1 dml2 dml3(drdd)quadruple mutant.A DNA methylome analysis showed that DME is required for DNA demethylation at hundreds of genomic regions in vegetative tissues.A transcriptome analysis of the drdd mutant revealed that DME and the other three demethylases are important for plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in vegetative tissues.Despite the limited role of DME in regulating DNA methylation in vegetative tissues,the dme mutants showed increased susceptibility to bacterial and fungal pathogens.Our study highlights the important functions of DME in vegetative tissues and provides valuable genetic tools for future investigations of DNA demethylation in plants.