1.Introduction 2020 is an unusual year in which the COVID-19 pandemic has raged through the globe,infecting tens of millions of people and killing hundreds of thousands.The pandemic has not only wreaked havoc on publi...1.Introduction 2020 is an unusual year in which the COVID-19 pandemic has raged through the globe,infecting tens of millions of people and killing hundreds of thousands.The pandemic has not only wreaked havoc on public health systems,economic activities,and people's lives,but also has greatly affected and will continue to reshape the world's political,economic,and trade patterns.展开更多
As the world's biggest carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emitter and the largest developing country,China faces daunting challenges to peak its emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality within 40 years.This study fu...As the world's biggest carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emitter and the largest developing country,China faces daunting challenges to peak its emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality within 40 years.This study fully considered the carbon-neutrality goal and the temperature rise constraints required by the Paris Agreement,by developing six long-term development scenarios,and conducting a quantitative evaluation on the carbon emissions pathways,energy transformation,technology,policy and investment demand for each scenario.This study combined both bottom-up and top-down methodologies,including simulations and analyses of energy consumption of end-use and power sectors(bottom-up),as well as scenario analysis,investment demand and technology evaluation at the macro level(top-down).This study demonstrates that achieving carbon neutrality before 2060 translates to significant efforts and overwhelming challenges for China.To comply with the target,a high rate of an average annual reduction of CO_(2) emissions by 9.3%from 2030 to 2050 is a necessity,which requires a huge investment demand.For example,in the 1.5℃ scenario,an investment in energy infrastructure alone equivalent to 2.6%of that year's GDP will be necessary.The technological pathway towards carbon neutrality will rely highly on both conventional emission reduction technologies and breakthrough technologies.China needs to balance a long-term development strategy of lower greenhouse gas emissions that meets both the Paris Agreement and the long-term goals for domestic economic and social development,with a phased implementation for both its five-year and long-term plans.展开更多
Elucidating the intrinsic relationship between viscosity/H_(2)0_(2) and mitochondria-associated diseases remains a great challenge owing to the lack of research on multiple diseases models,such as inflammation and mal...Elucidating the intrinsic relationship between viscosity/H_(2)0_(2) and mitochondria-associated diseases remains a great challenge owing to the lack of research on multiple diseases models,such as inflammation and malignant tumor models.In this work,we have developed a mitochondria-specific orange/near-infrared-emissive fluorescent probe TTPB,for dual-imaging of viscosity and H_(2)0_(2) levels in two different channels.The probe exhibited a remarkable response to viscosity with NIR emission round 666 nm,and was highly sensitive to H_(2)0_(2) in orange channel with emission peak at 586 nm.Moreover,TTPB has good mitochondria-specific ability and permits individual detecting of viscosity in NIR channels and H_(2)0_(2) levels in orange channel in living cells.More notably,TTPB was successfully applied to simultaneously image the viscosity and H_(2)0_(2) levels in inflammation and cancer models.展开更多
A novel biosensor was fabricated based on the immobilization of tyrosinase and N-acetyl-L-cysteine-capped gold nanoparticles onto the surface of the glassy carbon electrode via the film forming by chitosan. The NAC-Au...A novel biosensor was fabricated based on the immobilization of tyrosinase and N-acetyl-L-cysteine-capped gold nanoparticles onto the surface of the glassy carbon electrode via the film forming by chitosan. The NAC-AuNPs （N-acetyl-L-cysteine-capped gold nanoparticles） with the average size of 3.4 nm had much higher specific surface area and good biocompatibility, which were favorable for increasing the immobilization amount of enzyme, retaining the catalytic activity of enzyme and facilitating the fast electron transfer. The prepared biosensor exhibited suitable amperometric responses at -0.2 V for phenolic compounds vs. saturated calomel electrode. The parameters of influencing on the working electrode such as pH, temperature, working potential were investigated. Under optimum conditions, the biosensor was applied to detect catechol with a linear range of 1.0 ×10^-7 to 6.0 × 10^-5 mol·L^-1 , and the detection limit of 5.0×10^-8mol·L^-1 （S/N=3）. The stability and selectivity of the proposed biosensor were also evaluated.展开更多
基金Thanks for the support of the Special Fund for Global Green Development and Climate Change of Tsinghua University Education Foundation and the Energy Foundation.
文摘1.Introduction 2020 is an unusual year in which the COVID-19 pandemic has raged through the globe,infecting tens of millions of people and killing hundreds of thousands.The pandemic has not only wreaked havoc on public health systems,economic activities,and people's lives,but also has greatly affected and will continue to reshape the world's political,economic,and trade patterns.
文摘As the world's biggest carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emitter and the largest developing country,China faces daunting challenges to peak its emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality within 40 years.This study fully considered the carbon-neutrality goal and the temperature rise constraints required by the Paris Agreement,by developing six long-term development scenarios,and conducting a quantitative evaluation on the carbon emissions pathways,energy transformation,technology,policy and investment demand for each scenario.This study combined both bottom-up and top-down methodologies,including simulations and analyses of energy consumption of end-use and power sectors(bottom-up),as well as scenario analysis,investment demand and technology evaluation at the macro level(top-down).This study demonstrates that achieving carbon neutrality before 2060 translates to significant efforts and overwhelming challenges for China.To comply with the target,a high rate of an average annual reduction of CO_(2) emissions by 9.3%from 2030 to 2050 is a necessity,which requires a huge investment demand.For example,in the 1.5℃ scenario,an investment in energy infrastructure alone equivalent to 2.6%of that year's GDP will be necessary.The technological pathway towards carbon neutrality will rely highly on both conventional emission reduction technologies and breakthrough technologies.China needs to balance a long-term development strategy of lower greenhouse gas emissions that meets both the Paris Agreement and the long-term goals for domestic economic and social development,with a phased implementation for both its five-year and long-term plans.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81901814 and 21874087)Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(No.201801D121040)The animal experiments were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Shanxi University,and performed in compliance with the Animal Management Rules of the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China(Document no.55,2001).
文摘Elucidating the intrinsic relationship between viscosity/H_(2)0_(2) and mitochondria-associated diseases remains a great challenge owing to the lack of research on multiple diseases models,such as inflammation and malignant tumor models.In this work,we have developed a mitochondria-specific orange/near-infrared-emissive fluorescent probe TTPB,for dual-imaging of viscosity and H_(2)0_(2) levels in two different channels.The probe exhibited a remarkable response to viscosity with NIR emission round 666 nm,and was highly sensitive to H_(2)0_(2) in orange channel with emission peak at 586 nm.Moreover,TTPB has good mitochondria-specific ability and permits individual detecting of viscosity in NIR channels and H_(2)0_(2) levels in orange channel in living cells.More notably,TTPB was successfully applied to simultaneously image the viscosity and H_(2)0_(2) levels in inflammation and cancer models.
基金Acknowledgement The authors gratefully support from the National of China （No. 21405099）. acknowledge the financial Natural Science Foundation
文摘A novel biosensor was fabricated based on the immobilization of tyrosinase and N-acetyl-L-cysteine-capped gold nanoparticles onto the surface of the glassy carbon electrode via the film forming by chitosan. The NAC-AuNPs （N-acetyl-L-cysteine-capped gold nanoparticles） with the average size of 3.4 nm had much higher specific surface area and good biocompatibility, which were favorable for increasing the immobilization amount of enzyme, retaining the catalytic activity of enzyme and facilitating the fast electron transfer. The prepared biosensor exhibited suitable amperometric responses at -0.2 V for phenolic compounds vs. saturated calomel electrode. The parameters of influencing on the working electrode such as pH, temperature, working potential were investigated. Under optimum conditions, the biosensor was applied to detect catechol with a linear range of 1.0 ×10^-7 to 6.0 × 10^-5 mol·L^-1 , and the detection limit of 5.0×10^-8mol·L^-1 （S/N=3）. The stability and selectivity of the proposed biosensor were also evaluated.
