Klebsiella pneumoniae(K.pneumonia,KpⅠ)is a predominate inducement of bovine mastitis,which is associated with high mortality and milk yield reduction.However,data is lacking on the molecular characteristics of bovine...Klebsiella pneumoniae(K.pneumonia,KpⅠ)is a predominate inducement of bovine mastitis,which is associated with high mortality and milk yield reduction.However,data is lacking on the molecular characteristics of bovine K.pneumoniae,limiting the risk assessment of its transmission through the food chain.Herein,we investigated the prevalence of K.pneumoniae in 6301 clinical mastitis(CM)milk samples from dairy cattle in northern area of China.In total,183 K.pneumoniae isolates were recovered,with detection rates of 3.0% and 2.8% in 2018 and 2019,respectively.Like human clinical K.pneumoniae,all CM K.pneumoniae isolates belonged to one of three phylogroups:KpⅠ(n=143),Klebsiella.quasipneumoniae subsp.similipneumoniae(KpⅡ-B)(n=37),and Klebsiella variicola(KpⅢ)(n=3).We detected the extendedspectrum β-lactamase-encoding genes bla_(SHV-2a),blac_(CTX-M-14),and bla_(CTX-M-15),as well as clpC,lpfA,lacI,lacZ,lacY,and the fecABDEIR operon in the KpⅠ isolates,which may contribute to their pathogenicity and host adaptability in cows.The high prevalence of KpⅠ in dairy farms may be problematic,as it showed relatively higher rates of antibiotic resistance and virulence gene carriage than the KpⅡ-B and KpⅢ isolates.Furthermore,we observed distinct differences in population structure between CM-and human infection-associated KpⅠ isolates,with the genes associated with invasive infection in humans rarely being observed in bovine isolates,indicating that few CM-associated K.pneumoniae isolates pose a threat to human health.Nevertheless,bovine KpⅡ-B isolates shared a high level of nucleotide sequence identity with isolates from human infections and frequently carried the nitrogen-fixation gene nif,suggesting an association between KpⅡ-B isolates from cattle and humans,and plant-derived bacteria.展开更多
At present,the improvement of the quality of higher education and the improvement of the professional ability and comprehensive quality of college students all depend on the education level and discipline professional...At present,the improvement of the quality of higher education and the improvement of the professional ability and comprehensive quality of college students all depend on the education level and discipline professional ability of teachers in colleges and universities.In the new era of educational reform and development,university teachers also need to continuously learn and progress in order to adapt to changes in the educational environment and the update of the knowledge system.Nowadays,the construction and development of the mixed-mode learning community environment is becoming one of the effective ways for college teachers to improve their learning.From the perspective of the significance of autonomous development of college English teachers in the context of mixed-mode learning community,the current situation and other issues,this article expounds the strategies that promote the autonomous development of college English teachers in the context of mixed-mode learning community to improve the professional quality of college English teachers.展开更多
The development of network technology has brought huge changes to all people and industries.In the field of education and professional development of teachers,the application of network technology and the Internet has...The development of network technology has brought huge changes to all people and industries.In the field of education and professional development of teachers,the application of network technology and the Internet has also created a new opportunity for education at all stages in China.In the reform of education,the related concepts and teaching applications of the Internet hybrid model have gradually begun to be incorporated into college teaching.This article explores the status quo and problems of professional development of college English teachers under the Internet hybrid model,and puts forward suggestions for the professional development of college English teachers under the Internet hybrid model which can be used as reference for the professional development and growth of English teachers.展开更多
Much scholarship on“play”activities has focused on enhancing children’s learning processes and developing interest towards learning second language[1].Many of these studies,however,adopt the survey to conduct their...Much scholarship on“play”activities has focused on enhancing children’s learning processes and developing interest towards learning second language[1].Many of these studies,however,adopt the survey to conduct their study.This study explored how“play with local kids”activities effect the development of English speaking and listening of two Chinese children in the Philippines,employing an ethnographically based approach to observe the two participants playing with local kids,which lasted about 4 months.The findings of the study revealed that“play”activities can not only help young children have a better understanding of their English conversations,and make them have more confidence to speak English,but also inspire them to speak English in such environment.In view of the results,it is obvious that“play with local kids”is a very good way for young children to acquire a second language in a multilingual setting.It is strongly recommended that language researchers and teachers should pay more attention and do more research on the relationship between“play”and second language acquisition.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81991535 and 81861138051)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-36)。
文摘Klebsiella pneumoniae(K.pneumonia,KpⅠ)is a predominate inducement of bovine mastitis,which is associated with high mortality and milk yield reduction.However,data is lacking on the molecular characteristics of bovine K.pneumoniae,limiting the risk assessment of its transmission through the food chain.Herein,we investigated the prevalence of K.pneumoniae in 6301 clinical mastitis(CM)milk samples from dairy cattle in northern area of China.In total,183 K.pneumoniae isolates were recovered,with detection rates of 3.0% and 2.8% in 2018 and 2019,respectively.Like human clinical K.pneumoniae,all CM K.pneumoniae isolates belonged to one of three phylogroups:KpⅠ(n=143),Klebsiella.quasipneumoniae subsp.similipneumoniae(KpⅡ-B)(n=37),and Klebsiella variicola(KpⅢ)(n=3).We detected the extendedspectrum β-lactamase-encoding genes bla_(SHV-2a),blac_(CTX-M-14),and bla_(CTX-M-15),as well as clpC,lpfA,lacI,lacZ,lacY,and the fecABDEIR operon in the KpⅠ isolates,which may contribute to their pathogenicity and host adaptability in cows.The high prevalence of KpⅠ in dairy farms may be problematic,as it showed relatively higher rates of antibiotic resistance and virulence gene carriage than the KpⅡ-B and KpⅢ isolates.Furthermore,we observed distinct differences in population structure between CM-and human infection-associated KpⅠ isolates,with the genes associated with invasive infection in humans rarely being observed in bovine isolates,indicating that few CM-associated K.pneumoniae isolates pose a threat to human health.Nevertheless,bovine KpⅡ-B isolates shared a high level of nucleotide sequence identity with isolates from human infections and frequently carried the nitrogen-fixation gene nif,suggesting an association between KpⅡ-B isolates from cattle and humans,and plant-derived bacteria.
基金A Project Supported by Teaching Reform Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(2018,No.436)。
文摘At present,the improvement of the quality of higher education and the improvement of the professional ability and comprehensive quality of college students all depend on the education level and discipline professional ability of teachers in colleges and universities.In the new era of educational reform and development,university teachers also need to continuously learn and progress in order to adapt to changes in the educational environment and the update of the knowledge system.Nowadays,the construction and development of the mixed-mode learning community environment is becoming one of the effective ways for college teachers to improve their learning.From the perspective of the significance of autonomous development of college English teachers in the context of mixed-mode learning community,the current situation and other issues,this article expounds the strategies that promote the autonomous development of college English teachers in the context of mixed-mode learning community to improve the professional quality of college English teachers.
基金“A Project Supported by Teaching Reform Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department”(The Project Number:2018,No.436)。
文摘The development of network technology has brought huge changes to all people and industries.In the field of education and professional development of teachers,the application of network technology and the Internet has also created a new opportunity for education at all stages in China.In the reform of education,the related concepts and teaching applications of the Internet hybrid model have gradually begun to be incorporated into college teaching.This article explores the status quo and problems of professional development of college English teachers under the Internet hybrid model,and puts forward suggestions for the professional development of college English teachers under the Internet hybrid model which can be used as reference for the professional development and growth of English teachers.
文摘Much scholarship on“play”activities has focused on enhancing children’s learning processes and developing interest towards learning second language[1].Many of these studies,however,adopt the survey to conduct their study.This study explored how“play with local kids”activities effect the development of English speaking and listening of two Chinese children in the Philippines,employing an ethnographically based approach to observe the two participants playing with local kids,which lasted about 4 months.The findings of the study revealed that“play”activities can not only help young children have a better understanding of their English conversations,and make them have more confidence to speak English,but also inspire them to speak English in such environment.In view of the results,it is obvious that“play with local kids”is a very good way for young children to acquire a second language in a multilingual setting.It is strongly recommended that language researchers and teachers should pay more attention and do more research on the relationship between“play”and second language acquisition.
