Symmetry of upper eyelid after unilateral blepharoptosis repair with minimally invasive conjoint fascial sheath suspension technique

AIM:To investigate the symmetry of upper eyelid in patients with unilateral mild and moderate blepharoptosis who underwent unilateral minimally invasive combined fascia sheath(CFS)suspension.METHODS:A retrospective study of patients who underwent unilateral minimally invasive CFS suspension surgery between January 2018 and December 2021.Inclusion criteria included unilateral mild and moderate ptosis,good levator muscle function(>9 mm)and follow-up of at least 6mo.Pre-and post-operative symmetry was graded subjectively for marginal reflex distance 1(MRD1),tarsal platform show(TPS)and eyebrow fat span(BFS).A t-test was used to evaluate MRD1,TPS and BFS asymmetry by calculating delta values.The Bézier curve tool of the Image J software was used to extract the upper eyelid contours,where the symmetry was measured by the percentage of overlapping curvatures(POC).RESULTS:Totally 105 patients(105 eyelids)were included(mild group,n=84;moderate group,n=21).Postoperatively,all patients increased MRD1 and decreased TPS in the ptotic eye while maintaining unchanged BFS.The asymmetric delta value for MRD1 was measured to be 1.48±0.86 preoperatively,and it decreased to 0.58±0.67 postoperatively in all cases(P=0.0004).In patients with mild ptosis,the asymmetry value of TPS fell significantly from 1.15±0.62 to 0.68±0.38(P=0.0187).The symmetry of the upper eyelid contour increased in all subgroups of patients,with a POC of 59.39%±13.45%preoperatively and POC of 78.29%±13.80%postoperatively.CONCLUSION:Minimally invasive CFS suspension is proved to be an effective means of improving the symmetry of unilateral ptosis in terms of MRD1(all subgroups),POC(all subgroups)and TPS(only mild group),whereas BFS is unaffected.

FSA-Net:A Cost-efficient Face Swapping Attention Network with Occlusion-Aware Normalization

The main challenges in face swapping are the preservation and adaptive superimposition of attributes of two images.In this study,the Face Swapping Attention Network(FSA-Net)is proposed to generate photoreal-istic face swapping.The existing face-swapping methods ignore the blending attributes or mismatch the facial keypoint(cheek,mouth,eye,nose,etc.),which causes artifacts and makes the generated face silhouette non-realistic.To address this problem,a novel reinforced multi-aware attention module,referred to as RMAA,is proposed for handling facial fusion and expression occlusion flaws.The framework includes two stages.In the first stage,a novel attribute encoder is proposed to extract multiple levels of target face attributes and integrate identities and attributes when synthesizing swapped faces.In the second stage,a novel Stochastic Error Refinement(SRE)module is designed to solve the problem of facial occlusion,which is used to repair occlusion regions in a semi-supervised way without any post-processing.The proposed method is then compared with the current state-of-the-art methods.The obtained results demonstrate the qualitative and quantitative outperformance of the proposed method.More details are provided at the footnote link and at https://sites.google.com/view/fsa-net-official.

Multi-manufacturer drug identification based on near infrared spectroscopy and deep transfer learning

Near infrared(NIR)spectrum analysis technology has outstanding advantages such as rapid,nondestructive,pollution-free,and is widely used in food,pharmaceutical,petrochemical,agricultural products production and testing industries.Convolutional neural network(CNN)is one of the most successful methods in big data analysis because of its powerful feature ex-traction and abstraction ability,and it is especially suitable for solving multi-classification problems.CNN-based transfer learning is a machine learning technique,which migrates para-meters of trained model to the new one to improve the performance.The transfer learning strategy can speed up the learning efficiency of the model instead of learning from scratch.In view of the difficulty in acquisition of drug NIR spectral data and high labeling cost,this paper proposes three simple but very effective transfer learning methods for multi-manufacturer identification of drugs based on one-dimensional CNN.Compared with the original CNN,the transfer learning method can achieve better classification performance with fewer NIR spectral data,which greatly reduces the dependence on labeled NIR spectral data.At the same time,this paper also compares and discusses three different transfer learning methods,and selects the most suitable transfer learning model for drug NIR spectral data analysis.Compared with the current popular methods,such as SVM,BP,AE and ELM,the proposed method achieves higher classification accuracy and scalability in multi-variety and multi-manufacturer NIR spectrum classification experiments.

Why psychosis is frequently associated with Parkinson's disease?

Psychosis is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s disease whose pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Parkinson’s disease in conjunction with psychosis has been shown to induce injury to extracorticospinal tracts as wel as within some cortical areas. In this study, Parkinson’s disease patients with psychosis who did not receive antipsychotic treatment and those without psychosis underwent diffusion tensor imaging. Results revealed that in Parkinson’s disease patients with psychosis, damage to the left frontal lobe, bilateral occipital lobe, left cingulated gyrus, and left hippocampal white-matter fibers were greater than damage to the substantia nigra or the globus pal idus. Damage to white-matter fibers in the right frontal lobe and right cingulate gyrus were also more severe than in the globus pal idus, but not the substantia nigra. Damage to frontal lobe and cingulate gyrus white-matter fibers was more apparent than that to occipital or hippocampal fiber damage. Compared with Parkinson’s disease patients without psychosis, those with psychosis had significantly lower fractional anisotropy ratios of left frontal lobe, bilateral occipital lobe, left cingu-lated gyrus, and left hippocampus to ipsilateral substantia nigra or globus pal idus, indicating more severe damage to white-matter fibers. These results suggest that psychosis associated with Par-kinson’s disease is probably associated with an imbalance in the ratio of white-matter fibers be-tween brain regions associated with psychiatric symptoms （frontal lobe, occipital lobe, cingulate gyrus, and hippocampus） and those associated with the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease （the substantia nigra and globus pal idus）. The relatively greater damage to white-matter fibers in psychiatric symptom-related brain regions than in extracorticospinal tracts might explain why psy-chosis often occurs in Parkinson’s disease patients.

Study on the Management Quality of China Woman Enterprisers

China women have formed their special personalities and characters different from men＇s. Enterprisers, who can prove equal to the task, must possess the management qualities. Women engaged in management work also need to possess the same management qualities. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages and help China women become excellent enterprisers. Management quality is a based condition possessed in management work, which includes the education degree, the level of some knowledge, the function of psychology, the skill, the experience, the health and so on. One of the important specific properties of management quality is the difference. The management qualities are connected with the management behaviors and performances. The advantages of the women enterprisers＇ management qualities are on three parts such as their vocational interests, values and personalities. The disadvantages are their psychological minds of their inferiority, dependency and mediocrity.

微生物驱动土壤矿物结合态有机碳的形成

矿物结合态有机碳(mineral-associated organic carbon,MAOC)是土壤中重要的稳定态有机碳,其含量和动态决定着土壤碳库组成和容量,显著影响全球气候格局.植物和微生物是MAOC形成的两个主要途径,其来源和贡献一直存在很大的争议,特别是在不同生态系统中,植物和微生物对MAOC形成的相对贡献和控制因素可能存在较大的不确定性,对这些问题认知的不足阻碍了土壤可持续管理战略的实施.本研究选取中国区域尺度的旱地(n=24)、水田(n=19)和林地(n=21)表层土壤(0~20 cm),基于矿物结合态有机质(mineral-associated organic matter,MAOM)中的氨基糖和木质素酚的分析,揭示了MAOC中微生物和植物源的贡献及其驱动因子.结果显示,在旱地、水田和林地土壤MAOC中,植物来源碳分别贡献了44.5%、50.1%和49.3%,微生物残体碳分别贡献了44.2%、40.4%和41.0%,其中真菌氨基葡萄糖/细菌胞壁酸比相似(10.6、10.0和11.5,P>0.05).这些结果表明,微生物残体碳在MAOC中具有相似的稳定性,矿物结合改变了土壤有机碳(soil organic carbon,SOC)的组成,可以在很大程度上抵抗土地利用变化对SOC分解的影响.在所有生态系统中,MAOC的形成主要由微生物活动调控.与旱地生态系统相比,水田的环境胁迫导致微生物分解能力受到限制,林地中较高的植物输入量因微生物分解能力有限使植物残留相对富集,土壤稳定碳库以植物源碳为主.高黏粉粒含量和高年平均温度(mean annual temperature,MAT)有利于MAOC中植物源碳的相对富集,而低土壤p H和低MAT使微生物源碳的贡献增加.研究结果对于调整和完善农业土壤管理策略,增加土壤碳储量及减少碳排放,实现土壤碳中和目标具有重要意义.

西藏维管植物多样性编目和分布数据集

西藏是青藏高原的主体部分,是我国陆地面积第二大的省级行政区,这里有世界最大和最高的高原,也有世界上纬度最高的热带雨林,该地区是世界上海拔落差最大的植物多样性热点地区。西藏维管植物多样性的著作主要有成书于1983–1987年间的《西藏植物志》(1–5卷),该书主要基于对青藏高原科考队的阶段性总结,但是对于藏南地区植物的收录很不全面。本研究主要依据植物志、期刊文献、学位论文等文献资料,并结合标本数据,辅以中国植物图像库的图片,以及作者的野外调查编制了西藏自治区维管植物多样性名录以及县市级分布数据集。本数据集的每一条记录即为一个分类群在具体某个县市级的分布,包括类别、生存状态、科中文名、科拉丁名、属中文名、属拉丁名、种中文名、种拉丁名、命名人、县市级分布、文献凭证、文献备注、标本凭证、图片凭证等。截至2023年8月,本数据集收录西藏自治区维管植物50,525条分布记录,完成了西藏维管植物编目。西藏维管植物名录包含维管植物252科2,049属11,853种(含种下等级),其中石松类植物2科7属50种,蕨类植物31科110属699种,裸子植物6科19属84种,被子植物213科1,913属11,020种。种数最多的前10个科依次是菊科、兰科、禾本科、豆科、蔷薇科、杜鹃花科、毛茛科、唇形科、报春花科和伞形科。另外,本研究也提供了一个西藏自治区维管植物分布存疑或排除的物种名单,共121科454属900种,供后续进一步研究。本文数据将为《西藏植物志》第二版的编撰提供基础本底资料和系统框架,并将为西藏植物多样性保护和监测以及植物资源利用提供重要参考。

广东省高等植物多样性编目和分布数据集

广东省高等植物物种多样性位居全国第六。本研究依据植物志、植物图鉴、保护区植物名录、期刊文献、学位论文等文献资料,并结合标本数据和中国植物图像库的图片,以及作者的野外调查,编制了广东省高等植物多样性名录和县市级分布数据集。本数据集的每一条记录即为一个分类群在某个具体县市级的分布。截至2023年7月,本数据集收录广东省高等植物72,279条分布记录,共计374科2,284属8,106种(含种下等级)。广东省本土野生高等植物350科1,828属6,864种,其中苔藓植物(包括角苔类、苔类和藓类)96科272属865种,石松类和蕨类植物36科123属642种,裸子植物7科17属35种,被子植物211科1,416属5,322种,有17种为广东省新分布种。种数最多的前10科依次是禾本科、豆科、兰科、莎草科、茜草科、唇形科、菊科、蔷薇科、樟科和苦苣苔科。本数据集也收录了广东省入侵植物58科204属323种、归化植物62科206属257种,以及常见栽培植物129科441属662种。另外,本研究还提供了一个广东省高等植物分布存疑或排除的物种名单,共182科545属905种,供后续进一步研究。本文数据将为《广东植物志》第二版的编撰提供基础资料和系统框架。

重新认识土壤有机质

以腐殖质为主要成分的土壤有机质占土壤固相组成的2%~8%,是土壤中养分元素的承载者、微生物活动的驱动者以及矿质转化的调节者,对于土壤功能的发挥起着关键作用.早在19世纪初,德国土壤学者D?bereiner[1]和Sprengel[2]就提出“humic acids”概念.有学者利用碱提取和酸沉淀的方法将土壤有机质分成富里酸、胡敏酸以及高度缩合、惰性的胡敏素等不同组分[3-4].

生物大分子与重金属互作研究方法与微观机制

深入理解生物大分子与重金属相互作用的微观机制对于生态环境污染治理具有重要意义.近年来,随着现代谱学、显微方法以及组学技术的应用,生物大分子与重金属结合强度、配位结构、氧化还原过程及其生物学调控过程取得了重要进展,这些研究在分子尺度极大丰富了相关机制的认识.本综述在总结生物大分子与重金属相互作用最新研究方法及其机制的基础上,指出未来亟须发展生物大分子结构与组成表征的方法体系,探究功能性生物大分子参与的重金属吸附与氧化还原过程,揭示复合生物膜系统中微生物功能和重金属形态转化之间的耦合机制,推进重金属与环境组分相互作用的理解从官能团到功能分子尺度的跨越.通过方法集成与创新、机制解析与应用,为水体和土壤重金属污染治理提供有效策略与精准技术.

A well-supported nuclear phylogeny of Poaceae and implications for the evolution of C4 photosynthesis

Poaceae(the grasses)includes rice,maize,wheat,and other crops,and is the most economically important angiosperm family.Poaceae is also one of the largest plant families,consisting of over 11000 species with a global distribution that contributes to diverse ecosystems.Poaceae species are classified into 12 subfamilies,with generally strong phylogenetic support for their monophyly.However,many relationships within subfamilies,among tribes and/or subtribes,remain uncertain.To better resolve the Poaceae phylogeny,we generated 342 transcriptomic and seven genomic datasets;these were combined with other genomic and transcriptomic datasets to provide sequences for 357 Poaceae species in 231 genera,representing 45 tribes and all 12 subfamilies.Over 1200 low-copy nuclear genes were retrieved from these datasets,with several subsets obtained using additional criteria,and used for coalescent analyses to reconstruct a Poaceae phylogeny.Our results strongly support the monophyly of 11 subfamilies;however,the subfamily Puelioideae was separated into two non-sister clades,one for each of the two previously defined tribes,supporting a hypothesis that places each tribe in a separate subfamily.Molecular clock analyses estimated the crown age of Poaceae to be101 million years old.Ancestral character reconstruction of C3/C4 photosynthesis supports the hypothesis of multiple independent origins of C4 photosynthesis.These origins are further supported by phylogenetic analysis of the ppc gene family that encodes the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase,which suggests that members of three paralogous subclades(ppc-aL1a,ppc-aL1b,and ppcB2)were recruited as functional C4 ppc genes.This study provides valuable resources and a robust phylogenetic framework for evolutionary analyses of the grass family.

The Asparagine-Rich Protein NRP Facilitates the Degradation of the PP6-type Phosphatase FyPP3 to Promote ABA Response in Arabidopsis

The phytohormone abscisic acid （ABA） plays critical roles in abiotic stress responses and plant develop- ment. In germinating seeds, the phytochrome-associated protein phosphatase, FyPP3, negatively regulates ABA signaling by dephosphorylating the transcription factor ABI5. However, whether and how FyPP3 is regulated at the posttranscriptional level remains unclear. Here, we report that an asparagine-rich protein, NRP, interacts with FyPP3 and tethers FyPP3 to SYP41/61-positive endosomes for subsequent degradation in the vacuole. Upon ABA treatment, the expression of NRP was induced and NRP-mediated FyPP3 turnover was accelerated. Consistently, ABA-induced FyPP3 turnover was abolished in an nrp null mutant. On the other hand, FyPP3 can dephosphorylate NRP in vitro, and overexpression of FyPP3 reduced the half-life of NRP in vivo. Genetic analyses showed that NRP has a positive role in ABA-mediated seed germination and gene expression, and that NRP is epistatic to FyPP3. Taken together, our results identify a new regulatory circuit in the ABA signaling network, which links the intracellular trafficking with ABA signaling.

Vortex-induced vibration of stay cable under profile velocity using CFD numerical simulation method

Vortex-induced vibration(VIV)of a stay cablesubjected to a wind profile is numerically simulatedthrough combining computational fluid dynamics(CFD)code CFX 10.0 and computational structural dynamics(CSD)code ANSYS 10.0.A stay cable with the inclinedangle of 30°is used as the numerical model.Under aprofile of mean wind speed,unsteady aerodynamic liftcoefficients of the cable have been analyzed in both timedomain and frequency domain when VIV occurs.Theresults indicate that the lift coefficient wave response of thestay cable under a wind profile is different from that of aninfinitely long cable under a uniform flow in water(i.e.,without consideration of profile)obtained by directnumerical simulation.Cable oscillations can severelyaffect the unsteady aerodynamic frequencies,changeflow field distribution near the cable and affect the vortexshedding in the wake.

Population transcriptomics reveals a potentially positive role of expression diversity in adaptation

While it is widely accepted that genetic diversity determines the potential of adaptation,the role that gene expression variation plays in adaptation remains poorly known.Here we show that gene expression diversity could have played a positive role in the adaptation of Miscanthus lutarioriparius.RNA-seq was conducted for 80 individuals of the species,with half planted in the energy crop domestication site and the other half planted in the control site near native habitats.A leaf reference transcriptome consisting of 18,503 high-quality transcripts was obtained using a pipeline developed for de novo assembling with population RNA-seq data.The population structure and genetic diversity of M.lutarioriparius were estimated based on 30,609 genic single nucleotide polymorphisms.Population expression（Ep） and expression diversity（Ed）were defined to measure the average level and the magnitude of variation of a gene expression in the population,respectively.It was found that expression diversity increased while genetic Resediversity decreased after the species was transplanted from the native habitats to the harsh domestication site,especially for genes involved in abiotic stress resistance,histone methylation,and biomass synthesis under water limitation.The increased expression diversity could have enriched phenotypic variation directly subject to selections in the new environment.