Tailoring interfacial electron redistribution of Ni/Fe_(3)O_(4) electrocatalysts for superior overall water splitting

Exploring highly active earth-abundant bifu nctional electrocatalysts for water splitting at a high output is essential for the forthcoming hydrogen economy.Non-noble Fe_(3)O_(4) catalyst owns outstanding conductivity and its octahedral Fe sites can markedly promote water dissociation.However,it lacks active centers on the surface,resulting in its poor activity when used as a catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Herein,an electron redistribution strategy is proposed by introducing Ni sites onto the surface of Fe_(3)O_(4)(Ni/Fe_(3)O_(4)).The abundant delocalized electrons,derived from the electronic interaction of Ni and Fe_(3)O_(4) species,significantly optimize the electronic structure of the Ni/Fe_(3)O_(4) catalyst,leading to its improved adsorption behavior.This Ni/Fe_(3)O_(4) catalyst exhibits remarkable bifunctional activity,steadily outputting 1000 mA cm^(-2)at the low overpotential of 387 mV for HER and 338 mV for OER,respectively.Using Ni/Fe_(3)O_(4) as a bifunctional catalyst for overall water splitting reaction exhibits the optimal performance with outstanding stability,obtaining a current density of1000 mA cm^(-2)at 1.98 V,much superior to a Pt/C‖IrO_(2)cell.Experimental analysis and theoretical calculations collectively corroborate that the electron redistribution of Fe_(3)O_(4) is activated by coupling Ni species,leading to the promoted HER and OER kinetics.This electron redistribution strategy provides an effective method to activate transition metal-based catalysts which are promising to be utilized as superior electrocatalysts for the industrial overall water splitting reaction.

Tailoring synergetic catalytic interface of VPO/Ni_(2)P to boost hydrogen evolution under alkaline conditions

Design of the catalyst for efficient water dissociation and hydrogen recombination is paramount in enhancement of the alkaline water electrolysis kinetics.Herein,we reported a delicate hierarchical(VO)_(2) P_(2)O_(7)-Ni_(2) P@NF(VPO-Ni_(2) P@NF)hybrid catalyst that operated efficiently in alkaline media.The VPO and Ni_(2) P respectively act as the water dissociation promoter and the hydrogen recombination center,which synergistically propel water adsorption/dissociation and H intermediates recombination.The resulting synergistic interfaces between VPO and Ni_(2) P are verified to afford the catalyst an outstanding performance for hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline media with an overpotential of 154 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2),Tafel slope of 65 mV dec^(-1),and remarkable durability.Furthermore,the catalyst presents the potential for overall water splitting.This work may shed fresh light on the high-performance electrocatalyst design and the application of VPO on water electrolysis.

Welding Distortion Control of Thin Al Alloy Plate by Static Thermal Tensioning

The mechanism and effectiveness of welding distortion mitigation by static thermal tensioning were investigated by both finite element analysis and experiments. It shows that preset thermal tensioning can reduce longitudinal plastic compression remained in the weld and its adjacent zone significantly, so decrease the longitudinal residual stress and the susceptibility to welding distortion.

改良瞳孔成形术在青白联合术后大瞳孔患者中的临床疗效观察

目的:评估存在瞳孔散大的青白联合术后患者行改良瞳孔成形术的临床疗效。方法:回顾性研究。连续性纳入2021年1月至2023年6月就诊于吉林大学第二医院青光眼科青白联合术后瞳孔散大的患者32例(32眼),行改良瞳孔成形术。分别于术前及术后3个月检查最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、瞳孔直径、眼压、周边虹膜前粘连范围、双眼平衡对比度和抑制深度,并采用青光眼生活质量问卷(GQL-15-CHI)和青光眼视觉功能问卷(GVFQ-40)调查评估主观视觉质量。采用配对t检验比较手术前后各项检测指标和问卷评分。结果:共32例(32眼)青白联合术后大瞳孔患者顺利接受改良瞳孔成形术治疗,年龄55~76(64.2±8.5)岁,随访时长3个月。LogMAR的BCVA由术前1.39±0.86,提高至术后的0.92±0.63(t=7.15,P=0.017);瞳孔直径由术前的(6.18±0.30)mm,缩小至术后的(4.02±0.41)mm(t=24.82,P<0.001);眼压由术前的(29.85±14.51)mmHg,降至术后的(14.40±1.88)mmHg(t=7.79,P=0.002);周边虹膜前粘连范围由术前的186.13°±70.84°,减少到术后的79.83°±51.66°(t=14.71,P<0.001)。在双眼视功能方面,平衡对比度由术前的0.41±0.19,提高至术后的0.56±0.13(t=-5.46,P=0.004);抑制深度手术前后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3个月视觉功能质量问卷总体评分显著低于术前(t=-3.32,P=0.034),其中眩光畏光、视觉运动能力、识别能力、夜视能力的术后3个月评分低于术前(t=-8.31,P=0.002;t=-4.34,P=0.036;t=-4.58,P=0.029;t=-6.93,P=0.005),移动能力和阅读能力手术前后比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:对于存在瞳孔散大变形的青白联合术后患者,改良瞳孔成形术在提高患者术后视力,开放房角,有效控制眼内压的同时,还可明显提升患者的视觉生活质量。

Single-cell Technologies Provide Novel Insights into Liver Physiology and Pathology

The liver is the largest glandular organ in the body and has a unique distribution of cells and biomolecules.However,the treatment outcome of end-stage liver disease is extremely poor.Single-cell sequencing is a new advanced and powerful technique for identifying rare cell populations and biomolecules by analyzing the characteristics of gene expression between individual cells.These cells and biomolecules might be used as potential targets for immunotherapy of liver diseases and contribute to the development of precise individualized treatment.Compared to whole-tissue RNA sequencing,single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)or other single-cell histological techniques have solved the problem of cell population heterogeneity and characterize molecular changes associated with liver diseases with higher accuracy and resolution.In this review,we comprehensively summarized single-cell approaches including transcriptomic,spatial transcriptomic,immunomic,proteomic,epigenomic,and multiomic technologies,and described their application in liver physiology and pathology.We also discussed advanced techniques and recent studies in the field of single-cell;our review might provide new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of the liver to achieve precise and individualized treatment of liver diseases.

Ribosome profiling analysis identified a KRAS-interacting microprotein that represses oncogenic signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma cells

The roles of concealed microproteins encoded by long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)are gradually being exposed,but their functions in tumorigenesis are still largely unclear.Here,we identify and characterize a conserved 99-amino acid microprotein named KRASIM that is encoded by the putative lncRNA NCBP2-AS2.KRASIM is differentially expressed in normal hepatocytes and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cells and can suppress HCC cell growth and proliferation.Mechanistically,KRASIM interacts and colocalizes with the KRAS protein in the cytoplasm of human HuH-7 hepatoma cells.More importantly,the overexpression of KRASIM decreases the KRAS protein level,leading to the inhibition of ERK signaling activity in HCC cells.These results demonstrate a novel microprotein repressor of the KRAS pathway for the first time and provide new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of oncogenic signaling and HCC therapy.

Galectin-3-centered paracrine network mediates cardiac inflammation and fibrosis upon β-adrenergic insult

Rapid over-activation of β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR) following acute stress initiates cardiac inflammation and injury by activating interleukin-18 (IL-18),however,the process of inflammation cascades has not been fully illustrated.The present study aimed to determine the mechanisms of cardiac inflammatory amplification following acute sympathetic activation.With bioinformatics analysis,galectin-3 was identified as a potential key downstream effector of β-AR and IL-18 activation.The serum level of galectin-3 was positively correlated with norepinephrine or IL-18 in patients with chest pain.In the heart of mice treated with β-AR agonist isoproterenol (ISO,5 mg kg^(-1)),galectin-3 expression was upregulated markedly later than IL-18 activation,and Nlrp3^(-/-)and Il18^(-/-)mice did not show ISO-induced galectin-3 upregulation.It was further revealed that cardiomyocyte-derived IL-18 induced galectin-3 expression in macrophages following ISO treatment.Moreover,galectin-3deficiency suppressed ISO-induced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis without blocking ISO-induced IL-18 increase.Treatment with a galectin-3 inhibitor,but not a β-blocker,one day after ISO treatment effectively attenuated cardiac inflammation and injury.In conclusion,galectin-3 is upregulated to exaggerate cardiac inflammation and injury following acute β-AR activation,a galectin-3 inhibitor effectively blocks cardiac injury one day after β-AR insult.

Efficient Leave-One-Out Strategy for Supervised Feature Selection

Feature selection is a key task in statistical pattern recognition. Most feature selection algorithms have been proposed based on specific objective functions which are usually intuitively reasonable but can sometimes be far from the more basic objectives of the feature selection. This paper describes how to select features such that the basic objectives, e.g., classification or clustering accuracies, can be optimized in a more direct way. The analysis requires that the contribution of each feature to the evaluation metrics can be quantitatively described by some score function. Motivated by the conditional independence structure in probabilistic distributions, the analysis uses a leave-one-out feature selection algorithm which provides an approximate solution. The leave-one- out algorithm improves the conventional greedy backward elimination algorithm by preserving more interactions among features in the selection process, so that the various feature selection objectives can be optimized in a unified way. Experiments on six real-world datasets with different feature evaluation metrics have shown that this algorithm outperforms popular feature selection algorithms in most situations.

National Perinatal Prevalence of Selected Major Birth Defects--China,2010−2018

Introduction:An estimated of 900,000 infants are born with birth defects each year in China causing a substantial disease burden.This study aimed to depict the epidemiological patterns of selected major birth defects in Chinese perinatal births and provide important baseline data for future prevention.Methods:Data from the Chinese Birth Defects Monitoring Network(CBDMN)during 2010–2018 were used to analyze the epidemiological pattern in the prevalence of 15 major birth defects and the trends over time.Results:In the period of 2010–2018,the top 10 most frequently-occurring birth defects in China included congenital heart diseases(CHDs),polydactyly,cleft lip with or without palate(CL/P),club foot,syndactyly,hydrocephalus,hypospadias,limb reduction defects(LRD),anotia/microtia,and anorectal atresia/stenosis.There was a decrease in the prevalence of neural tube defects,CL/P,hydrocephalus,LRD,gastroschisis,and omphalocele,but there were increases in the prevalence of CHDs,cleft palate,hypospadias,club foot,polydactyly,and syndactyly.The prevalence of most birth defects varied significantly by maternal age,area types(urban/rural),and geographic regions.Conclusions and Implications for Public Health Practice:The findings indicated that the comprehensive prevention of birth defects should focus on these selected birth defects,elderly pregnant women,rural areas,and western regions.

AMP-activated protein kinase activation: therapeutic potential in human diseases

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a conserved sensor of cellular energy under physiological and pathological conditions,has been in the spotlight for decades. It is typically activated upon energy deprivation. The consumption of ATP causes the increase of AMP/ATP ratio, which results in the phosphorylation of threonine 172 (Thr 172) in the AMPKa subunit and the activation of AMPK.