Partial genetically encoded 4-hy-droxybenzylidene-imidazolinone(HBI)-type chromophores are new promising fluorescent probes,which are suitable for imaging and detection of living cells.How-ever,the lack of infrared ch...Partial genetically encoded 4-hy-droxybenzylidene-imidazolinone(HBI)-type chromophores are new promising fluorescent probes,which are suitable for imaging and detection of living cells.How-ever,the lack of infrared chro-mophores hinders the develop-ment seriously.Here more than 30 HBI-type chromophores with reg-ular structure modifications were employed and typical spectral redshift change laws and mechanisms were investigated by quantum methods.Results show that both one-photon spectrum(OPS,absorption/emission)and two-photon absorption(TPA)can achieve large redshift via either extending conjugated lengths of frag-3 or enlarging conjugated areas of frag-1 of HBI skeleton.Spectral redshifts of all chromophores are highly related to intramolecular charge transfer(ICT),but neutral ones are closely related to the total ICT or electron-accept-ing-numbers of frag-3,and the high correlative factor of anions is the aromaticity of frag-2 bridge.The frag-2 bridge with high aromaticity can open a reverse charge transfer channel in anion relative to neutral,obtaining significant redshift.Based on analysis,a new 6-hydroxyl-naphthalene-imidazolinone(HNI)series,which have larger conjugated area in frag-1,are pre-dicted.The OPS and TPA of anionic HNI ones acquire about 76−96 nm and 119−146 nm red-shift relative to traditional HBI series respectively as a whole.The longest emission of anionic HNI-4 realizes more 244 nm redshift relative to HBI-1.Our work clarifies worthy spectral reg-ularities and redshift mechanisms of HBI-type chromophores and provides valuable design strategy for infrared chromophores synthesis in experiment.展开更多
Road traffic sign recognition is an important task in intelligent transportation system.Convolutional neural networks(CNNs)have achieved a breakthrough in computer vision tasks and made great success in traffic sign c...Road traffic sign recognition is an important task in intelligent transportation system.Convolutional neural networks(CNNs)have achieved a breakthrough in computer vision tasks and made great success in traffic sign classification.In this paper,it presents a road traffic sign recognition algorithm based on a convolutional neural network.In natural scenes,traffic signs are disturbed by factors such as illumination,occlusion,missing and deformation,and the accuracy of recognition decreases,this paper proposes a model called Improved VGG(IVGG)inspired by VGG model.The IVGG model includes 9 layers,compared with the original VGG model,it is added max-pooling operation and dropout operation after multiple convolutional layers,to catch the main features and save the training time.The paper proposes the method which adds dropout and Batch Normalization(BN)operations after each fully-connected layer,to further accelerate the model convergence,and then it can get better classification effect.It uses the German Traffic Sign Recognition Benchmark(GTSRB)dataset in the experiment.The IVGG model enhances the recognition rate of traffic signs and robustness by using the data augmentation and transfer learning,and the spent time is also reduced greatly.展开更多
[Objectives] The paper was to explore whether the microemulsion is a nano-pesticide. [Methods] Several microemulsions commonly available on the market were studied from the perspective of particle size and morphologic...[Objectives] The paper was to explore whether the microemulsion is a nano-pesticide. [Methods] Several microemulsions commonly available on the market were studied from the perspective of particle size and morphological characteristics. With ZIF nano-pesticide prepared earlier as the control, the changes in particle size of microemulsions diluted at different concentrations and the microscopic morphology of dispersed particles were tested and compared by dynamic light scattering laser particle size analyzer combined with scanning electron microscope. [Results] Conventional microemulsions were in dynamic equilibrium, and the particle size changed irregularly after dilution at different concentrations. Especially under scanning electron microscope, the particle distribution of pesticide-bearing droplets were uneven after drying, with aggregation and precipitation of large particles, while the particle size of nano-pesticide changed little after dilution at different concentrations, ranging from 1 to 300 nm. Moreover, the microscopic morphology of nano-pesticide observed under scanning electron microscope was in monodisperse nano state, without aggregation. [Conclusions] The particle size measured by dynamic light scattering alone can not judge whether the microemulsion is a nanometer pesticide, and it is necessary to observe the microscopic disperse state and particle size distribution with the help of electron microscopy.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(No.U1904196,No.82073699)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan(No.222300420055).
文摘Partial genetically encoded 4-hy-droxybenzylidene-imidazolinone(HBI)-type chromophores are new promising fluorescent probes,which are suitable for imaging and detection of living cells.How-ever,the lack of infrared chro-mophores hinders the develop-ment seriously.Here more than 30 HBI-type chromophores with reg-ular structure modifications were employed and typical spectral redshift change laws and mechanisms were investigated by quantum methods.Results show that both one-photon spectrum(OPS,absorption/emission)and two-photon absorption(TPA)can achieve large redshift via either extending conjugated lengths of frag-3 or enlarging conjugated areas of frag-1 of HBI skeleton.Spectral redshifts of all chromophores are highly related to intramolecular charge transfer(ICT),but neutral ones are closely related to the total ICT or electron-accept-ing-numbers of frag-3,and the high correlative factor of anions is the aromaticity of frag-2 bridge.The frag-2 bridge with high aromaticity can open a reverse charge transfer channel in anion relative to neutral,obtaining significant redshift.Based on analysis,a new 6-hydroxyl-naphthalene-imidazolinone(HNI)series,which have larger conjugated area in frag-1,are pre-dicted.The OPS and TPA of anionic HNI ones acquire about 76−96 nm and 119−146 nm red-shift relative to traditional HBI series respectively as a whole.The longest emission of anionic HNI-4 realizes more 244 nm redshift relative to HBI-1.Our work clarifies worthy spectral reg-ularities and redshift mechanisms of HBI-type chromophores and provides valuable design strategy for infrared chromophores synthesis in experiment.
文摘Road traffic sign recognition is an important task in intelligent transportation system.Convolutional neural networks(CNNs)have achieved a breakthrough in computer vision tasks and made great success in traffic sign classification.In this paper,it presents a road traffic sign recognition algorithm based on a convolutional neural network.In natural scenes,traffic signs are disturbed by factors such as illumination,occlusion,missing and deformation,and the accuracy of recognition decreases,this paper proposes a model called Improved VGG(IVGG)inspired by VGG model.The IVGG model includes 9 layers,compared with the original VGG model,it is added max-pooling operation and dropout operation after multiple convolutional layers,to catch the main features and save the training time.The paper proposes the method which adds dropout and Batch Normalization(BN)operations after each fully-connected layer,to further accelerate the model convergence,and then it can get better classification effect.It uses the German Traffic Sign Recognition Benchmark(GTSRB)dataset in the experiment.The IVGG model enhances the recognition rate of traffic signs and robustness by using the data augmentation and transfer learning,and the spent time is also reduced greatly.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Public Welfare Technology Application Research- Analysis and Test Project (LGC22C140001)Laboratory Work Research in Colleges and Universities of Zhejiang Province (ZD202104).
文摘[Objectives] The paper was to explore whether the microemulsion is a nano-pesticide. [Methods] Several microemulsions commonly available on the market were studied from the perspective of particle size and morphological characteristics. With ZIF nano-pesticide prepared earlier as the control, the changes in particle size of microemulsions diluted at different concentrations and the microscopic morphology of dispersed particles were tested and compared by dynamic light scattering laser particle size analyzer combined with scanning electron microscope. [Results] Conventional microemulsions were in dynamic equilibrium, and the particle size changed irregularly after dilution at different concentrations. Especially under scanning electron microscope, the particle distribution of pesticide-bearing droplets were uneven after drying, with aggregation and precipitation of large particles, while the particle size of nano-pesticide changed little after dilution at different concentrations, ranging from 1 to 300 nm. Moreover, the microscopic morphology of nano-pesticide observed under scanning electron microscope was in monodisperse nano state, without aggregation. [Conclusions] The particle size measured by dynamic light scattering alone can not judge whether the microemulsion is a nanometer pesticide, and it is necessary to observe the microscopic disperse state and particle size distribution with the help of electron microscopy.
