Soil acidifications become one of the main causes restricting the sustainable development of agriculture and causing issues of agricultural product safety.In order to explore the effect of different acidification on s...Soil acidifications become one of the main causes restricting the sustainable development of agriculture and causing issues of agricultural product safety.In order to explore the effect of different acidification on soil cadmium(Cd)availability,soil pot culture and hydroponic(soil potting solution extraction)were applied,and non-invasive micro-test technique(NMT)was combined.Here three different soil acidification processes were simulated,including direct acidification by adding sulfuric acid(AP1),acid rain acidification(AP2)by adding artificial simulated acid rain and excessive fertilization acidification by adding(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)(AP3).The results showed that for direct acidification(AP1),DTPA-Cd concentration in field soils in Liaoning(S1)and Zhejiang(S2)increased by 0.167-0.217 mg/kg and 0.181-0.346 mg/kg,respectively,compared with control group.When soil pH decreased by 0.45 units in S1,the Cd content of rice stems,leaves and roots increased by 0.48 to 6.04 mg/kg and 2.58 to 12.84mg/kg,respectively,When the pH value of soil S1 and S2 decreased by 0.20 units,the average velocity of Cd^(2+)at 200μm increased by 10.03-33.11 pmol/cm~2/sec and 21.33-52.86pmol/cm^(2)/sec,respectively,and followed the order of AP3>AP2>AP1.In summary,different acidification measures would improve the effectiveness of Cd,under the same pH reduction condition,fertilization acidification increased Cd availability most significantly.展开更多
Invasions by Spartina species pose serious threats to global coastal ecosystems.Although many studies have examined the effectiveness and ecological impacts of invasive Spartina management,no comprehensive global synt...Invasions by Spartina species pose serious threats to global coastal ecosystems.Although many studies have examined the effectiveness and ecological impacts of invasive Spartina management,no comprehensive global synthesis has been conducted to assess the effects of management on Spartina per se and on wider non-targets.Here,we conducted a global meta-analysis of 3,459 observations from 102 studies to quantify the effects of different management interventions(physical,chemical,biological,and integrated control)on Spartina per se and native biodiversity and environments.We found that physical measures quickly suppressed Spartina but that their effectiveness declined over time.By contrast,chemical measures decreased the abundance and growth of Spartina to a lesser degree in the early stage,but the effectiveness increased over time.Different management measures did not significantly decrease the diversity of native biota on the whole,but native-plant diversity significantly decreased with time after physical control.Different management measures did not affect abiotic factors differently.These results support the use of chemical measures to control invasive Spartina,although their effectiveness would depend on the time since the management intervention.Addressing the problem of Spartina regrowth following physical control requires improved techniques.We hold that initial states of invaders and subsequent environmental changes after management interventions should be weighed in evaluating control efficacy.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42177010)the Youth innovation of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(No.Y2023QC17)。
文摘Soil acidifications become one of the main causes restricting the sustainable development of agriculture and causing issues of agricultural product safety.In order to explore the effect of different acidification on soil cadmium(Cd)availability,soil pot culture and hydroponic(soil potting solution extraction)were applied,and non-invasive micro-test technique(NMT)was combined.Here three different soil acidification processes were simulated,including direct acidification by adding sulfuric acid(AP1),acid rain acidification(AP2)by adding artificial simulated acid rain and excessive fertilization acidification by adding(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)(AP3).The results showed that for direct acidification(AP1),DTPA-Cd concentration in field soils in Liaoning(S1)and Zhejiang(S2)increased by 0.167-0.217 mg/kg and 0.181-0.346 mg/kg,respectively,compared with control group.When soil pH decreased by 0.45 units in S1,the Cd content of rice stems,leaves and roots increased by 0.48 to 6.04 mg/kg and 2.58 to 12.84mg/kg,respectively,When the pH value of soil S1 and S2 decreased by 0.20 units,the average velocity of Cd^(2+)at 200μm increased by 10.03-33.11 pmol/cm~2/sec and 21.33-52.86pmol/cm^(2)/sec,respectively,and followed the order of AP3>AP2>AP1.In summary,different acidification measures would improve the effectiveness of Cd,under the same pH reduction condition,fertilization acidification increased Cd availability most significantly.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2601100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32030067,32171661)+1 种基金the Arcadia,MAVA and the David and Claudia Harding Foundation,the Special Project on National Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation of China(No.2021FY100704)the Yellow Sea Wetland Research Institute(No.20210111).
文摘Invasions by Spartina species pose serious threats to global coastal ecosystems.Although many studies have examined the effectiveness and ecological impacts of invasive Spartina management,no comprehensive global synthesis has been conducted to assess the effects of management on Spartina per se and on wider non-targets.Here,we conducted a global meta-analysis of 3,459 observations from 102 studies to quantify the effects of different management interventions(physical,chemical,biological,and integrated control)on Spartina per se and native biodiversity and environments.We found that physical measures quickly suppressed Spartina but that their effectiveness declined over time.By contrast,chemical measures decreased the abundance and growth of Spartina to a lesser degree in the early stage,but the effectiveness increased over time.Different management measures did not significantly decrease the diversity of native biota on the whole,but native-plant diversity significantly decreased with time after physical control.Different management measures did not affect abiotic factors differently.These results support the use of chemical measures to control invasive Spartina,although their effectiveness would depend on the time since the management intervention.Addressing the problem of Spartina regrowth following physical control requires improved techniques.We hold that initial states of invaders and subsequent environmental changes after management interventions should be weighed in evaluating control efficacy.
