Model Interpretation Development: Analysis Design of Automatic Control System

Currently the development of automatic control system is mainly based on manual design. This has made the develop-ment process complicated and has made it difficult to guarantee system requirement. This paper presents a Model in-terpretation development architecture built on meta-models and model interpretation. In this modeling and developing process, different meta-models or domain models may be constructed in terms of various system requirements. Inter-preters are used to transform the meta-model into relevant domain model and generate some other formats from do-main models, typically with different semantic domains. An interpretation extension interface is introduced, which can be accelerated to develop the model interpreter. This development architecture can improve system reusability and en-hance development efficiency. Finally, an example is introduced to explain the advantage of method.

基于聚苯胺/二氧化钛/天然纤维素的污水自清洁太阳能水蒸发装置

水体污染是当前造成淡水短缺的主要原因之一.利用太阳能水蒸发装置从海水或污水中生产淡水是一种简单有效且节能的解决淡水危机的方式,引起了广泛的关注.然而,污染物的共同蒸发或沉积可能会降低水蒸发过程中的效率和淡水质量.本文基于天然木质纤维素(NCF)、聚苯胺(PANI)和二氧化钛(TiO_(2))开发了自清洁太阳能水蒸发器,其具有宽吸收、亲水性强、导热系数低等优点.通过在聚合物溶液中加入木质纤维素,聚苯胺纳米纤维在NCF表面聚合形成介孔网络.P25 TiO_(2)纳米颗粒作为光催化剂分散到上述反应液中,通过简单的过滤形成PANI/TiO_(2)/NCF复合材料.由于太阳水蒸发器装置中PANI的光热效应与TiO_(2)纳米颗粒的光催化降解的协同作用,水蒸发速率可达2.36 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)(1个太阳光照射下),且可有效降解污染物(100 ppm四环素).更重要的是,在工作10 h后,该太阳能水蒸发器装置仍然保持稳定的水蒸发速率,且没有污染物的积聚.光催化和光热效应相结合的双功能太阳能水蒸发装置在有机污染物水中具有自清洁作用,具有很大的应用潜力.

研发双层结构的碳基水凝胶材料提高太阳能水蒸发效率

太阳能水蒸发对于解决净水危机潜力无限.随着研究的深入,研发高效光热转换材料和合理的材料结构设计均可以提高光热蒸发速率.因此,我们设计合成了一种双层碳基水凝胶复合材料.在一个太阳光照条件下,其最大蒸发速率可达2.19 kg m^(−2)h^(−1),光热转换效率可达93.7%.同时,该复合材料展现了优异的海水淡化性能及良好的稳定性,扩展了实际应用范围.除此之外,其可控规模化及便携性可以自如面对多种复杂的应用环境,成本低廉可以使其大规模应用于经济落后地区,为复合结构水凝胶蒸发器的生产提供了可供参考的设计思路和策略.

The critical factors of photocatalytic H2 production from seawater by using TiO_(2)as photocatalyst

The solar H_(2)generation directly from natural seawater is a sustainable way of green energy.However,it is limited by a low H_(2)generation rate even compared to fresh water.In this report,TiO_(2)is chosen as a model photocatalyst to disclose the critical factor to deteriorate the H_(2)generation rate from seawater.The simulated seawater(SSW),which is composed of eight ions(Na^(+),K^(+),Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),Cl^(−),Br^(−),SO_(4)^(2−),and CO_(3)^(2−)),is investigated the effect of each ion on the H_(2)production.The results indicate that all ions have a negative effect at the same concentration as in the seawater except Br−.The CO_(3)^(2−)has the most serious deterioration,and the H_(2)production rate lowers near 40%even at[CO_(3)^(2−)]of 1.5 mmol·L^(−1).The H_(2)production rate can be recovered to 85%if the CO_(3)^(2−)is excluded from the SSW.To understand the reason,the zeta potential of the TiO_(2)treated with different ions aqueous solution reveals that the zeta potential decreases when it is treated with CO_(3)^(2−)and SO_(4)^(2−)due to they can adsorb on the surface of TiO_(2)nanoparticles.Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)and thermogravimetric analysis-mass spectroscopy(TGA-MS)further confirm that the adsorbed ion is mainly from CO_(3)^(2−).Since the pH of seawater is about 8.9 between pKa1(6.37)and pKa2(10.3)of H_(2)CO3,the CO_(3)^(2−)should exist in the form of HCO3−in the seawater.We proposed a simple method to remove the adsorbed HCO3−from the TiO_(2)surface by adjusting the pH below the pKa1.The results indicate that if a trace amount of HCl(adjusting pH~6.0)is added to the SSW,the H_(2)production rate can be recovered to 85%of that in pure water.

具有优越电催化析氢性能的超小碳负载FeRu合金

电化学水分解是将可再生能源产生的间歇性电能转化为高纯度氢气的一种极具前景的绿色能源技术.目前,高效制氢催化剂主要由贵金属及其化合物组成,而贵金属的高成本及稀缺性,限制了其在大规模工业化制氢中的应用.因此,探索低成本,高电化学活性、高稳定性的电解水制氢催化剂至关重要.合金化材料以短程或长程有序结构存在,具有增强的电化学性能.因此,本文采用两步法制备超小碳负载FeRu合金纳米电催化剂并将其应用于电催化析氢反应.Fe_(0.05)Ru_(0.05)/XC-72双功能电催化剂粒径为2.1 nm,在碱性淡水和海水电解质中表现出优异的活性和耐久性.10 mA cm^(-2)时,在1 mol L^(-1)KOH、1 mol L^(-1)KOH+0.5 mol L^(-1)NaCl和1 mol L^(-1)KOH+海水中分别表现出13、15和18 mV的过电位.在1 mol L^(-1)KOH介质和-0.07 V(相比于可逆氢电极)条件下,Fe_(0.05)Ru_(0.05)/XC-72的析氢质量活性高达11.32Amg^(-1)_(noble metal).在1 mol L^(-1)KOH中,Fe_(0.05)Ru_(0.05)/XC-72电催化剂具有24 h以上的长期析氢反应(HER)稳定性.理论计算表明,引入Fe形成的FeRu合金可以诱导电子效应,使其对*H的吸附能力增强,进一步提高了HER性能.本工作对制备高电活性、高稳定性的钌基电催化剂具有重要的启发意义.