Tunable aggregation-induced fluorescent and pressure-responsive luminescence supramolecular cages achieved by subcomponent self-assembly

Three discrete tetrahedral metallo-supramolecular cages were designed and constructed using truxenepended base ligands.Owing to the synergistic rigidifying effect of unsymmetric cyano-substituted oligo(pphenylene-vinylene)(u-COPV)suspended by the truxene skeleton,the resulting supramolecular cages were confirmed to exhibit significant aggregation-induced emission(AIE)accompanied by an interesting solvatochromic fluorescent behavior as well as a porous honeycomb-like state during aggregation.In particular,the anti-counterfeiting performance and emission behaviors of the cages in the solid state under external hydrostatic pressure were investigated.

Short-term effects of biochar and gypsum on soil hydraulic properties and sodicity in a saline-alkali soil

Salt and sodicity of saline-alkali soil adversely affect the construction of ecological landscapes and negatively impact crop production.The reclamation potential of biochar(BC,wheat straw biochar applied at\%by weight),gypsum(G,0.4%by weight),and gypsum coupled with biochar(GBC)was examined in this laboratory-based study by evaluating their effects on a saline-alkali soil(silt loam)with no amendment as a control(CK).Saline ice and fresh water(simulated rainfall)were leached through soil columns to investigate changes in salt content,sodium adsorption ratio(SAR),alkalinity,and pH of the leachate and the soil.Results showed that saturated water content and field water capacity(FWC)significantly increased by 4.4%and 5.6%,respectively,in the BC treatment after a short incubation time.Co-application of biochar and gypsum(GBC)increased soil saturated hydraulic conductivity(Ks)by 58.4%,which was also significantly higher than the sole addition.Electrical conductivity(EC)of the leachate decreased sharply after saline ice leaching;subsequent freshwater leaching accelerated the removal of the rest of the salts,irrespective of the amendment application.However,the application of gypsum(G and GB)significantly enhanced the removal of exchangeable Na^+and reduced leachate SAR.After leaching,the soil salt content decreased significantly for all treatments.The application of gypsum resulted in a significantly lower soil pH,exchangeable sodium percentage(ESP),SAR,and alkalinity values than those recorded for the CK and BC treatments.These results demonstrated that the co-application of gypsum and biochar could improve saline-alkali soil hydraulic conductivity and decrease leaching-induced sodicity over a short period.

Stem cell-derived exosomes repair ischemic muscle injury by inhibiting the tumor suppressor Rbl-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome pathway

Dear Editor,Lower-limb ischemia is a serious clinical condition affecting many patients world-wide and there is no effective therapy.Ischemia activates the NLRP3 inflammasome,which triggers tissue damage by releasing inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β and IL-18.1 However,the molecular mechanisms underlying activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome remain largely unknown.