Simultaneous determination of bisphenols, benzophenones and parabens in human urine by using UHPLC-TQMS

Bisphenols, benzophenones and parabens may alter one or more functions of endocrine system and consequently cause adverse health effects on human. A rapid and sensitive analytical method for the simultaneous determination of six bisphenols, five benzophenones and seven parabens in human urine by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was developed and applied for human urine sample analysis. The eighteen targeted compounds were separated within 11 min. Heated-electrospray ionization was operated with multiple reaction monitoring in negative-ion mode. The limit of detection ranged from 0.01 ng/mL to 0.5 ng/mL. Seven isotope-labeled internal standards were used in the quantitative analysis. After the method was validated for sensitivity, linearity, precision, accuracy and matrix effect, it was applied for the analysis of human urine samples to evaluate the profiles of human exposure. Eight of the targeted analytes were detected in more than 50% urine samples.

Associations of Residential Greenness with Depression and Anxiety in Rural Chinese Adults

BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are top contributors to non-fatal health loss globally.Several studies have indicated the association between residential greenness and mental health.METHOD The participants(n=27,366)were recruited from four counties in Henan Province,China during 2015–2017.Symptoms of depression and anxiety were evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2(PHQ-2)and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2(GAD-2)in the baseline survey.The level of residential greenness during the 3-year period before the baseline survey was assessed using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)and Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI).The mixed-effect linear regression model was applied to examine the associations of residential greenness with depression and anxiety.RESULTS The results of adjusted models showed that the score of PHQ-2(Dscore and 95%confidence interval[CI])decreased by-0.024(-0.041,-0.006)and-0.022(-0.038,-0.004)with an interquartile range(IQR)increase in NDVI and EVI within a 1,000-m buffer radius,respectively.The score of GAD-2(Dscore and 95%CI)decreased by-0.024(-0.040,-0.006)and-0.028(-0.044,-0.011),in relation to an IQR increase in NDVI and EVI within a 1,000-m buffer radius,respectively.CONCLUSIONS A higher level of residential greenness was significantly associated with lower risk of depression and anxiety in rural areas of Henan Province.Improving residential greenness accessibility may help to promote the mental health of rural populations.