Integration of multiple climate models to predict range shifts and identify management priorities of the endangered Taxus wallichiana in the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountain region

Taxus wallichiana Zucc.(Himalayan yew)is subject to international and national conservation measures because of its over-exploitation and decline over the last 30 years.Predicting the impact of climate change on T.wallichiana’s distribution might help protect the wild populations and plan effective ex situ measures or cultivate successfully.Considering the complexity of climates and the uncertainty inherent in climate modeling for mountainous regions,we integrated three Representative Concentration Pathways(RCPs)(i.e.,RCP2.6,RCP4.5,RCP8.5)based on datasets from 14 Global Climate Models of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project,Phase 5 to:(1)predict the potential distribution of T.wallichiana under recent past(1960–1990,hereafter‘‘current’’)and future(2050s and 2070s)scenarios with the species distribution model MaxEnt.;and(2)quantify the climatic factors influencing the distribution.In respond to the future warming climate scenarios,(1)highly suitable areas for T.wallichiana would decrease by 31–55%at a rate of 3–7%/10a;(2)moderately suitable areas would decrease by 20–30%at a rate of 2–4%/10a;(3)the average elevation of potential suitable sites for T.wallichiana would shift upslope by 390 m(15%)to 948 m(36%)at a rate of 42–100 m/10a.Average annual temperature(contribution rate ca.61%),isothermality and temperature seasonality(20%),and annual precipitation(17%)were the main climatic variables affecting T.wallichiana habitats.Prior protected areas and suitable planting areas must be delimited from the future potential distributions,especially the intersection areas at different suitability levels.It is helpful to promote the sustainable utilization of this precious resource by prohibiting exploitation and ex situ restoring wild resources,as well as artificially planting considering climate suitability.

Mesoporous carbon as a carrier for celecoxib:The improved inhibition effect on MDA-MB-231 cells migration and invasion

In the current study,mesoporous carbon(MC)with pore volume(1.53 cm3/g)and pore size(9.74 nm)was successfully prepared as a carrier for celecoxib(CEL).Celecoxib was loaded into the pore channels of MC using three different methods:solvent evaporation method,absorption method and physical mixing method.Solid-state characterization methods,such as SEM,TEM,BET,DSC and XRD were used to systematically investigate the process of the drug loading system.Dissolution tests were performed to examine the effects of MC on the release of CEL.Furthermore,the cytotoxicity,wound healing,migration and invasion experiments were carried out to measure the contribution of MC to the anti-tumor metastasis ability of celecoxib on MDA-MB-231 cells.The results showed that CEL could be kept in a non-crystalline state when they were incorporated into the MC using the solvent evaporation method or absorption method.The dissolution rate of CEL released from MCS(Mesoporous carbon e Celecoxib e Solvent evaporation method)and MCA(Mesoporous carbon e Celecoxib e Absorption evaporation method)was all significantly higher than that of pure CEL.The cumulative release for MCS within the 5 min was up to 51.86%.MCS enhanced the inhibitory effect of CEL on the migration and invasion of MDAMB-231 cells.

Factors contributing to the oxygen concentration over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its contribution rate calculation

A decline in atmospheric oxygen concentration is projected in the 21st century given the background of global warming.The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is located at a high altitude,and thus,it faces a hypoxia challenge;however,knowledge of the factors contributing to its atmospheric oxygen concentration is still lacking.Here,we conducted joint observations of ecosystem oxygen production and carbon sinks and near-surface atmospheric oxygen concentrations on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and meteorological elements at Beijing Fangshan Station.Using seasonal differences and statistical methods,we calculated the relative contribution rates of vegetation to changes in atmospheric oxygen concentration.Our results indicate that solar radiation,atmospheric humidity,and ecosystem oxygen consumption and production have a significant impact on the atmospheric oxygen concentration,and the impact shows temporal and spatial differences.Vegetation significantly impacts the oxygen concentration,with a contribution rate of 16.7%–24.5%,which is underestimated in existing research.Our findings provide important insights into the factors that influence atmospheric oxygen concentration and highlight the contribution of vegetation.To better understand the oxygen dynamics of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,we recommend further field observations of soil respiration and vegetation photosynthesis to clarify the contributions of carbon storage,carbon sinks and other factors to the near-surface atmospheric oxygen concentration.

A correction technique for false topographic perception of remote-sensing images based on an inverse topographic correction techniqu

The false topographic perception phenomenon(FTPP)refers to the visual misperception in remote-sensing images that certain types of terrains are visually interpreted as other types in rugged lands,for example,valleys as ridges and troughs as peaks.For this reason,the FTPP can influence the visualization and interpretation of images to a great extent.To scrutinize this problem,the paper firstly reviews and tests the existing FTPP-correction techniques and identifies the inverse slope-matching technique as an effective approach to visually enhance remote-sensing images and retain the colour information.The paper then proposes an improved FTPP-correction procedure that incorporates other image-processing techniques(e.g.linear stretch,histogram matching,and flat-area replacement)to enhance the performance of this technique.A further evaluation of the proposed technique is conducted by applying the technique to various study areas and using different types of remote-sensing images.The result indicates the method is relatively robust and will be a significant extension to geovisual analytics in digital earth research.