The haplotype-resolved T2T genome of teinturier cultivar Yan73 reveals the genetic basis of anthocyanin biosynthesis in grapes

Teinturier grapes are characterized by the typical accumulation of anthocyanins in grape skin,flesh,and vegetative tissues,endowing them with high utility value in red wine blending and nutrient-enriched foods developing.However,due to the lack of genome information,the mechanism involved in regulating teinturier grape coloring has not yet been elucidated and their genetic utilization research is still insufficient.Here,the cultivar‘Yan73’was used for assembling the telomere-to-telomere(T2T)genome of teinturier grapes by combining the High Fidelity(HiFi),Hi-C and ultralong Oxford Nanopore Technologies(ONT)reads.Two haplotype genomes were assembled,at the sizes of 501.68 Mb and 493.38 Mb,respectively.In the haplotype 1 genome,the transposable elements(TEs)contained 32.77%of long terminal repeats(LTRs),while in the haplotype 2 genome,31.53%of LTRs were detected in TEs.Furthermore,obvious inversions were identified in chromosome 18 between the two haplotypes.Transcriptome profiling suggested that the gene expression patterns in‘Cabernet Sauvignon’and‘Yan73’were diverse depending on tissues,developmental stages,and varieties.The transcription program of genes in the anthocyanins biosynthesis pathway between the two cultivars exhibited high similarity in different tissues and developmental stages,whereas the expression levels of numerous genes showed significant differences.Compared with other genes,the expression levels of VvMYBA1 and VvUFGT4 in all samples,VvCHS2 except in young shoots and VvPAL9 except in the E-L23 stage of‘Yan73’were higher than those of‘Cabernet Sauvignon’.Further sequence alignments revealed potential variant gene loci and structure variations of anthocyanins biosynthesis related genes and a 816 bp sequence insertion was found in the promoter of VvMYBA1 of‘Yan73’haplotype 2 genome.The‘Yan73’T2T genome assembly and comparative analysis provided valuable foundations for further revealing the coloring mechanism of teinturier grapes and the genetic improvement of grape coloring traits.

Incidence and mortality of corpus uteri cancer in China,2008-2012

Objective: To analyze the incidence and mortality rates of corpus uteri cancer in China using 2008-2012 data from the National Central Cancer Registry(NCCR) of China.Methods: We analyzed 2008-2012 data from 135 cancer registries using NCCR screening methods and criteria.The Chinese standard population in 2000 and Segi’s world population were applied to determine age-standardized incidence and mortality rates. The annual percentage change(APC) in rate was calculated using the Joinpoint Regression Program.Results: The crude incidence of corpus uteri cancer was 9.58/100,000, making corpus uteri cancer the ninth most common malignancy in females. The crude mortality was 2.97/100,000, making corpus uteri cancer the 13 th leading cause of death from malignant tumors in females. The incidence was higher in urban than in rural areas, but the mortality was higher in rural than in urban areas. The crude incidence was higher in eastern areas than in middle and western areas, while the crude mortality was higher in middle areas than in eastern and western areas.During 2003-2012, the age-standardized incidence rate based on the Chinese standard population in 2000(ASIRC)with uterine cancer increased significantly by 3.0% annually, while the age-standardized mortality rate based on the Chinese standard population in 2000(ASMRC) decreased by 0.4% annually, but the decrease was not statistically significant. The APC in incidence rate in the age groups of 30-44 years was 4.2%, which was statistically significant;increases/decreases in other age groups were not statistically significant. From 2003 to 2004, the age groups of 60-74 years showed high incidence, while from 2005 to 2012, the age groups of 45-59 years had high incidence.Conclusions: The incidence and mortality rates of corpus uteri cancer in China from 2008 to 2012 were relatively low compared with other countries. However, the significant increase in incidence rates and marked decrease in patient age suggest the need to strengthen China’s efforts toward prevention and control of corpus uteri cancer.

Variability of the Martian ionosphere from the MAVEN Radio Occultation Science Experiment

The Martian ionosphere is produced by a number of controlling processes, including solar extreme ultraviolet radiation (EUV) and X-ray ionization, impact ionization by precipitating electrons, and day-to-night transport. This study investigates the structural variability of the Martian ionosphere with the aid of the radio occultation (RO) experiments made on board the recent Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft. On the dayside, the RO electron density profiles are described by the superposition of two Chapman models, representing the contributions from both the primary layer and the low-altitude secondary layer. The inferred subsolar peak electron densities and altitudes are 1.24×10^5 cm^-3 and 127 km for the former, and 4.28×10^4 cm^-3 and 97 km for the latter, respectively, in general agreement with previous results appropriate for the low solar activity conditions. Our results strengthen the role of solar EUV and X-ray ionization as the driving source of plasma on the dayside of Mars. Beyond the terminator, a systematic decline in ionospheric total electron content is revealed by the MAVEN RO measurements made from the terminator crossing up to a solar zenith angle of 120°. Such a trend is indicative of day-to-night plasma transport as an important source for the nightside Martian ionosphere.

The Characteristics of Breast Cancer Mortality in Inner Mongolia between 2008 and 2010

Background: The aim of this study was to explore the characteristics of breast cancer mortality in Inner Mongolia, and to provide evidence for the prevention of female breast cancer. Methods: Using data from the Death Registry System from 2008 to 2010. We classified female cancer deaths according to the International Classification of Disease-10th Revision. The mortality of different age groups and the potential years of life lost were calculated for female breast cancer in Inner Mongolia. Results: Breast cancer mortality for Inner Mongolian women was higher in older age groups. The potential years of life lost were also much higher in younger groups than in older groups. Marital status, education level and occupation may contribute to this increase in breast cancer mortality in younger groups. Conclusion: Preventive policies should be implemented to de- velop strategies aimed at reducing the breast cancer mortality, especially with regard to younger age groups in Inner Mongolia.

Contact High-Temperature Strain Automatic Calibration and Precision Compensation Research

Automated control and calibration are important components in industrial process and in artificial intelligence system and robotics.In order to solve the problem of contact high-temperature strain precision measurement,this paper established an automatic calibration device for high-temperature strain gauges.The temperature of the high-temperature furnace is automatically controlled by the temperature control device.The electric cylinder is driven by the servo motor to apply the load to the calibration beam.The output signal of the high-temperature strain gauge,the thermocouple signal,and the displacement signal of the grating ruler are collected at the same time.The deformation measurement results obtained after temperature correction are used to calculate the theoretical mechanical strain,which are fed back to control the loading action to complete the automatic calibration process.Based on the above calibration device,the hightemperature strain measurement accuracy correction software is developed to calibrate the high-temperature strain gauge with multiparameters,and the curves of sensitivity coefficient,thermal output,zero drift,and creep characteristics with temperature are obtained,and a strain measurement accuracy compensation model is established.The high-temperature strain measurement experiment is carried out to verify that the modified model can meet the requirements in each temperature range.

Effects of Nickel on the Microstructure,Mechanical properties and Corrosion Resistance of CoCrFeNi_(x)Al_(0.15)Ti_(0.1)High Entropy Alloy

The present work investigates the effect of Ni on the microstructure,mechanical properties,and corrosion resistance of CoCrFeNi_(x)Al_(0.15)Ti_(0.1)high-entropy alloys.It was found that the appropriate addition of Ni element in the alloy is beneficial to reduce the average grain size of the alloy.The yield strength and tensile strength of the alloy underfine-grain strengthening have also been increased,whilethe ductility of the system in this study has not been significantly affected.In terms of corrosion resistance,CoCrFeNi_(x)Al_(0.15)Ti_(0.1)high-entropy alloys form a dense passive film at open circuit potential,possessing good corrosion resistance.However,with the excessive addition of Ni content in the alloy,the pitting corrosion resistance of the alloy in the environment of chloride ions will decrease due to the relative decrease of the relative content of Cr element.This work also canprovide guidancesfor the design and development of new precipitation-strengthened CoCrFeNi-based high-entropy alloys with excellent comprehensive properties.

Primary malignant bone tumors incidence,mortality,and trends in China from 2000 to 2015

Background:Primary malignant bone tumors are uncommon,and their epidemiological features are rarely reported.We aimed to study the incidence and death characteristics of bone tumors from 2000 to 2015.Methods:Population-based cancer registries submitted registry data to National Central Cancer Registry of China(NCCRC).The data collected from 501 local cancer registries in China were assessed using NCCRC screening methods and criteria.Incidence and mortality rates of primary bone tumor were stratified by age group,gender,and area.Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were adjusted using the Chinese standard population in 2000 and Segi’s world population.The annual percentage change(APC)in rate was calculated using the Joinpoint Regression Program.Results:Data from 368 registries met quality control criteria,of which 134 and 234 were from urban and rural areas,respectively.The data covered 309,553,499 persons.The crude incidence,age-standardized incidence,and crude mortality rates were 1.77,1.35,and 1.31 per 100,000,respectively.Incidence and mortality rates were higher in males than those in females;they showed downward trends,with declines of 2.2%and 4.8%per year,respectively,and the rates in urban areas were lower than those in rural areas.Significant declining trends were observed in urban areas.Stable trends were seen in rural areas during 2000 to 2007,followed by downward trends.Age-specific incidence and mortality rates showed stable trends in the age group of 0 to 19 years,and downward trends in the age group elder than 19 years.Conclusions:The incidence and mortality rates of primary malignant bone tumors in rural areas were higher compared to those in urban areas.Targeted prevention measures are required to monitor and control bone tumor incidence and improve the quality of life of affected patients.This research can provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of bone tumors,as well as basic information for follow-up research.

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情时期核医学科特殊工作流程的可行性探讨

2019年末,新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)被发现并迅速蔓延,给医护人员的日常工作带来巨大挑战。核医学科与普通的影像科室有所不同,主要包括放射性核素的诊断和治疗及体外分析3部分,而且工作人员多、场所分散、流程复杂且检查项目繁多。因此,对患者的防护管理更加复杂,在此期间的防护工作不仅包括对核素辐射的防护,还包括对COVID-19疫情的严格防护,即“双重防护”。笔者依据国家卫生健康委员会颁布的一系列COVID-19诊疗方案、防护措施和指南,根据核医学科的工作性质与特点,结合自身工作实践,总结出COVID-19疫情时期核医学科的特殊工作流程与防护要点。旨在有效防护核素辐射的同时最大程度地阻断COVID-19疫情的传播,降低医护人员的感染概率,保障医疗安全并提高医疗质量。

Effect of Zr on phase separation,mechanical and corrosion behavior of heterogeneous CoCrFeNiZr_(x) high-etropy alloy

CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy(HEA)has attracted extensive attention due to its excellent corrosion resistance,but the low strength limits its engineering application prospects.In order to develop CoCrFeNi based HEAs with high strength,ductility and corrosion resistance,the effects of Zr content on the microstructure,mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of heterogeneous CoCrFeNiZr_(x)(x=0,0.25,0.5 and 1)HEAs were investigated in this work.The results indicate that the increase of Zr content can significantly affect the phase stability of the alloy,and promote the formation of intermetallic compounds(Ni_(7)Zr_(2)and/or Laves phase)and the transformation of solid solution from face-centered cubic(FCC)structure(x=0,0.25 and 0.5)to body-centered cubic(BCC)structure(x=1).Reasonable control of the Zr content can endow the alloy excellent comprehensive properties.Especially,for CoCrFeNiZr_(0.25) alloy,composed of FCC matrix and a small amount of Ni_(7)Zr_(2)phases,the yield strength(~655 MPa)is increased by nearly four times higher than that of Zr-free alloy,and it also has good ductility(fracture stain>50%).Meanwhile,the corrosion resistance of CoCrFeNiZr_(0.25) alloy is better than that of SS304.The EIS results show that the addition of Zr reduces the stability of the passive film on the alloy,which can be related to the content of the beneficial oxide in the passive film and the thickness of the passive film through XPS analysis.Moreover,the work functions of different phases in CoCrFeNiZr_(x)alloys were obtained by firstprinciples calculations,which further confirmed the selective corrosion mechanism of the CoCrFeNiZr_(x) alloy combining the experimental results.

The Two Reemergent Confirmed COVID-19 Cases--Manzhouli City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China,November 20,2020

On November 20,2020,a 55-year-old male went to the Zhongmeng Hospital of Manzhouli City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region for diagnosis and treatment of pain in the waist and lower extremities.His wife,a 55-year-old female,accompanied him to the hospital also feeling unwell.They were first tested for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in Manzhouli People’s Hospital based on China’s policy of ensuring that“all those in need are tested,isolated,hospitalized,and treated.”

Cryogenic mechanical behavior of a TRIP-assisted dual-phase highentropy alloy

The recently developed dual-phase(DP)non-equiatomic Fe_(50)Mn_(30)Co_(10)Cr_(10)(at.%)high-entropy alloy(HEA)showed much higher strength and ductility compared to the single-phase equiatomic Fe_(20)Mn_(20)Ni_(20)Co_(20)Cr_(20)(at.%)HEA at room temperature.Herein we probe the cryogenic mechanical properties of the non-equiatomic DP-HEA with different grain sizes and compare with the equiatomic single-phase HEA.Our results show that the cryogenic ultimate tensile strengths of the coarse-grained(~200μm)and fine-grained(~4μm)DP-HEAs reach up to 1,133 and 1,342 MPa,respectively,which are significantly higher than that of the equiatomic single-phase HEAs with similar grain sizes.Furthermore,the fine-grained DP-HEA shows substantial improvement in both strength and ductility compared to the coarse-grained counterparts at cryogenic temperatures.Microstructural analysis reveals that the enhanced mechanical properties of the DP-HEA at cryogenic temperatures are attributed to a more extensive displacive transformation from the face-centered cubic(FCC)matrix into the hexagonal close-packed(HCP)phase compared to that at room temperature.Specifically,the HCP phase fraction in tensile tested fine-grained DP-HEAs increases from~39%to~79%with decreasing temperature from 298 to 77 K.The enhanced transformation behavior is enabled by the reduced stacking fault energy of the material with the decrease of deformation temperatures.The resulting outstanding combination of strength and ductility further suggests that the DP-HEAs are promising candidates as structural materials for cryogenic applications.

Gelatin methacrylate hydrogel scaffold carrying resveratrol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for enhancement of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and effective bone regeneration

Critical-sized bone defects caused by traumatic fractures,tumour resection and congenital malformation are unlikely to heal spontaneously.Bone tissue engineering is a promising strategy aimed at developing in vitro replacements for bone transplantation and overcoming the limitations of natural bone grafts.In this study,we developed an innovative bone engineering scaffold based on gelatin methacrylate(GelMA)hydrogel,obtained via a two-step procedure:first,solid lipid nanoparticles(SLNs)were loaded with resveratrol(Res),a drug that can promote osteogenic differentiation and bone formation;these particles were then encapsulated at different concentrations(0.01%,0.02%,0.04%and 0.08%)in GelMA to obtain the final Res-SLNs/GelMA scaffolds.The effects of these scaffolds on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)and bone regeneration in rat cranial defects were evaluated using various characterization assays.Our in vitro and in vivo investigations demonstrated that the different Res-SLNs/GelMA scaffolds improved the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs,with the ideally slow and steady release of Res;the optimal scaffold was 0.02 Res-SLNs/GelMA.Therefore,the 0.02 Res-SLNs/GelMA hydrogel is an appropriate release system for Res with good biocompatibility,osteoconduction and osteoinduction,thereby showing potential for application in bone tissue engineering.

Human Plague Case Diagnosed in Ningxia Tracked to Animal Reservoirs—Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China,2021

Summary What is already known about this topic?There were a total of 4 and 3 human plague cases that occurred in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2019 and 2020,respectively,with 1 and 2 deaths in 2019 and 2020 respectively,which indicated that plague still poses a significant threat to human health especially for farmers,shepherds,or residents living in native plague foci.What is added by this report?On August 14,2021,1 patient from the Otog Qi(County)in the Inner Mongolia sought treatment in Yinchuan City(the capital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region).

Calcium silicate enhances immunosuppressive function of MSCs to indirectly modulate the polarization of macrophages

Bioactive silicate ceramics(BSCs)have been widely reported to be able to induce bone tissue regeneration,but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated.Previous studies have reported that ionic products of BSCs can promote bone regeneration by directly simulating osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)and modulating the polarization of macrophages to create a favorable inflammation microenvironment for initiating bone regeneration cascades.However,the immunomodulatory ability of MSCs also plays a critical role in bone regeneration but the effects of BSCs on the immunomodulatory ability of MSCs have been rarely investigated.This study aims to investigate the effects of ionic products of BSCs on the immunoregulatory ability of MSCs to further understand the mechanism of BSCs enhancing bone regeneration.Results showed that ionic products of calcium silicate(CS),one of the representative BSCs,could enhance the immunosuppressive function of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(HBMSCs)by up-regulating the expression of immunosuppressive factors in HBMSCs via NF-jB pathway.In addition,CS-activated HBMSCs showed stronger stimulatory effects on M2 polarization of macrophages than CS ionic products.Furthermore,the macrophages educated by CSactivated HBMSCs showed stronger stimulatory effects on the early osteogenic differentiation of HBMSCs than the ones regulated by CS ionic products.These results not only provide further understanding on the mechanism of BSCs enhancing bone regeneration but also suggest that it is critical to consider the effects of biomaterials on the immunomodulatory function of the tissue forming cells when the immunomodulatory function of biomaterials is investigated.

Corrigendum to "Epidemiological features of four human plague cases in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China in 2019" [Biosafety and Health 2 (2020) 44-48]

The authors regret that an ethics statement was missing from the above article.The Ethics Statement section should be added as follows:Ethics statement As a public health response to an emerging infectious disease outbreak,written informed consent could bewaived.Data and sample collection of the four human plague cases in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were determined by the Health Commission of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to be part of a continuing public health outbreak investigation and were exempt from institutional review board approval.The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused.