Impact statement Habitat loss has been a primary threat to biodiversity.However,species do not function in isolation but often associate with each other and form complex networks.Thus,revealing how the network complex...Impact statement Habitat loss has been a primary threat to biodiversity.However,species do not function in isolation but often associate with each other and form complex networks.Thus,revealing how the network complexity and stability scale with habitat area will give us more insights into the effects of habitat loss on ecosystems.In this study,we explored the relationships between the island area and the network complexity and stability of soil microbes.We found that the complexity and stability of soil microbial co‐occurrence networks scale positively with island area,indicating that habitat loss will potentially simplify and destabilize soil microbial networks.展开更多
In Arabidopsis, three lipase-like regulators, SAG101, EDS1, and PAD4, act downstream of resistance protein-associated defense signaling. Although the roles of SAG101, EDS1, and PAD4 in biotic stress have been extensiv...In Arabidopsis, three lipase-like regulators, SAG101, EDS1, and PAD4, act downstream of resistance protein-associated defense signaling. Although the roles of SAG101, EDS1, and PAD4 in biotic stress have been extensively studied, little is known about their functions in plant responses to abiotic stresses. Here, we show that SAG101, EDS1, and PAD4 are involved in the regulation of freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis. With or without cold acclimation, the sag101, edsl, and pad4 single mutants, as well as their double mutants, exhibited similarly enhanced tolerance to freezing temperatures. Upon cold exposure, the sag101, edsl, and pad4 mutants showed increased transcript levels of C-REPEAT/DRE BINDING FACTORs and their regulons compared with the wild type. Moreover, freezing-induced cell death and accumulation of hydrogen peroxide were ameliorated in sag101, edsl, and pad4 mutants. The sag101, edsl, and pad4 mutants had much lower salicylic acid (SA) and diacylglycerol (DAG) contents than the wild type, and exogenous application of SA and DAG compromised the freezing tolerance of the mutants. Furthermore, SA suppressed the cold-induced expression of DGATs and DGKs in the wild-type leaves. These findings indicate that SAG101, EDS1, and PAD4 are involved in the freezing response in Arabidopsis, at least in part, by modulating the homeostasis of SA and DAG.展开更多
Higher biodiversity is often assumed to be a more desirable scenario for maintaining the functioning of ecosystems,but whether species-richer communities are also more disturbance-tolerant remains controversial.In thi...Higher biodiversity is often assumed to be a more desirable scenario for maintaining the functioning of ecosystems,but whether species-richer communities are also more disturbance-tolerant remains controversial.In this study,we investigated the bacterial communities based on 472 soil samples from 28 forests across China with associated edaphic and climatic properties.We developed two indexes(i.e.,community mean tolerance breadth[CMTB]and community mean response asynchrony[CMRA])to explore the relationship between diversity and community resistance potential.Moreover,we examined this resistance potential along the climatic and latitudinal gradients.We revealed that CMTB was significantly and negatively related to species richness,resulting from the changes in balance between relative abundances of putative specialists and generalists.In comparison,we found a unimodal relationship between CMRA and richness,suggesting that higher biodiversity might not always lead to higher community resistance.Moreover,our results showed differential local patterns along latitude.In particular,local patterns in the northern region mainly followed general relationships rather than those for the southern forests,which may be attributed to the differences in annual means and annual variations of climate conditions.Our findings highlight that the community resistance potential depends on the composition of diverse species with differential environmental tolerance and responses.This study provides a new,testable evaluation by considering tolerance breadth and response asynchrony at the community level,which will be helpful in assessing the influence of disturbance under rapid shifts in biodiversity and species composition as a result of global environmental change.展开更多
Biological denitrification is a crucial process in the nitrogen biogeochemical cycle,and Thermus has been reported to be a significant heterotrophic denitrifier in terrestrial geothermal environments.However,neither t...Biological denitrification is a crucial process in the nitrogen biogeochemical cycle,and Thermus has been reported to be a significant heterotrophic denitrifier in terrestrial geothermal environments.However,neither the denitrification potential nor the evolutionary history of denitrification genes in the genus Thermus or phylum Deinococcota is well understood.Here,we performed a comparative analysis of 23 Thermus genomes and identified denitrification genes in 15 Thermus strains.We confirmed that Thermus harbors an incomplete denitrification pathway as none of the strains contain the nosZ gene.Ancestral character state reconstructions and phylogenetic analyses showed that narG,nirS,and norB genes were acquired by the last common ancestor of Thermales and were inherited vertically.In contrast,nirK of Thermales was acquired via two distinct horizontal gene transfers from Proteobacteria to the genus Caldithermus and from an unknown donor to the common ancestor of all known Thermus species except Thermus filiformis.This study expands our understanding of the genomic potential for incomplete denitrification in Thermus,revealing a largely vertical evolutionary history of the denitrification pathway in the Thermaceae,and supporting the important role for Thermus as an important heterotrophic denitrifier in geothermal environments.展开更多
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971553,32222051,and 31361123001)the National Science Foundation of the United States of America(DEB-1342754 and DEB-1856318)+1 种基金the Shanghai Rising-Star ProgramP.W.was supported by the research fund of the post-doctor who came to Shenzhen(szbo202306).
文摘Impact statement Habitat loss has been a primary threat to biodiversity.However,species do not function in isolation but often associate with each other and form complex networks.Thus,revealing how the network complexity and stability scale with habitat area will give us more insights into the effects of habitat loss on ecosystems.In this study,we explored the relationships between the island area and the network complexity and stability of soil microbes.We found that the complexity and stability of soil microbial co‐occurrence networks scale positively with island area,indicating that habitat loss will potentially simplify and destabilize soil microbial networks.
文摘In Arabidopsis, three lipase-like regulators, SAG101, EDS1, and PAD4, act downstream of resistance protein-associated defense signaling. Although the roles of SAG101, EDS1, and PAD4 in biotic stress have been extensively studied, little is known about their functions in plant responses to abiotic stresses. Here, we show that SAG101, EDS1, and PAD4 are involved in the regulation of freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis. With or without cold acclimation, the sag101, edsl, and pad4 single mutants, as well as their double mutants, exhibited similarly enhanced tolerance to freezing temperatures. Upon cold exposure, the sag101, edsl, and pad4 mutants showed increased transcript levels of C-REPEAT/DRE BINDING FACTORs and their regulons compared with the wild type. Moreover, freezing-induced cell death and accumulation of hydrogen peroxide were ameliorated in sag101, edsl, and pad4 mutants. The sag101, edsl, and pad4 mutants had much lower salicylic acid (SA) and diacylglycerol (DAG) contents than the wild type, and exogenous application of SA and DAG compromised the freezing tolerance of the mutants. Furthermore, SA suppressed the cold-induced expression of DGATs and DGKs in the wild-type leaves. These findings indicate that SAG101, EDS1, and PAD4 are involved in the freezing response in Arabidopsis, at least in part, by modulating the homeostasis of SA and DAG.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31600403,31800422,41673111,U1501232,41622106,31971553,and 31700470)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(No.2016A030312003)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province,China(No.2017GXNSFBA198099)the U.S.National Science Foundation(NSF A22-0042).
文摘Higher biodiversity is often assumed to be a more desirable scenario for maintaining the functioning of ecosystems,but whether species-richer communities are also more disturbance-tolerant remains controversial.In this study,we investigated the bacterial communities based on 472 soil samples from 28 forests across China with associated edaphic and climatic properties.We developed two indexes(i.e.,community mean tolerance breadth[CMTB]and community mean response asynchrony[CMRA])to explore the relationship between diversity and community resistance potential.Moreover,we examined this resistance potential along the climatic and latitudinal gradients.We revealed that CMTB was significantly and negatively related to species richness,resulting from the changes in balance between relative abundances of putative specialists and generalists.In comparison,we found a unimodal relationship between CMRA and richness,suggesting that higher biodiversity might not always lead to higher community resistance.Moreover,our results showed differential local patterns along latitude.In particular,local patterns in the northern region mainly followed general relationships rather than those for the southern forests,which may be attributed to the differences in annual means and annual variations of climate conditions.Our findings highlight that the community resistance potential depends on the composition of diverse species with differential environmental tolerance and responses.This study provides a new,testable evaluation by considering tolerance breadth and response asynchrony at the community level,which will be helpful in assessing the influence of disturbance under rapid shifts in biodiversity and species composition as a result of global environmental change.
基金supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91951205,92051108,31850410475,and 31970122)the National Science and Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China(2021FY100900)the U.S.National Science Foundation(DEB 1557042 and DEB 1841658).
文摘Biological denitrification is a crucial process in the nitrogen biogeochemical cycle,and Thermus has been reported to be a significant heterotrophic denitrifier in terrestrial geothermal environments.However,neither the denitrification potential nor the evolutionary history of denitrification genes in the genus Thermus or phylum Deinococcota is well understood.Here,we performed a comparative analysis of 23 Thermus genomes and identified denitrification genes in 15 Thermus strains.We confirmed that Thermus harbors an incomplete denitrification pathway as none of the strains contain the nosZ gene.Ancestral character state reconstructions and phylogenetic analyses showed that narG,nirS,and norB genes were acquired by the last common ancestor of Thermales and were inherited vertically.In contrast,nirK of Thermales was acquired via two distinct horizontal gene transfers from Proteobacteria to the genus Caldithermus and from an unknown donor to the common ancestor of all known Thermus species except Thermus filiformis.This study expands our understanding of the genomic potential for incomplete denitrification in Thermus,revealing a largely vertical evolutionary history of the denitrification pathway in the Thermaceae,and supporting the important role for Thermus as an important heterotrophic denitrifier in geothermal environments.