A cold preamplifier based on superconducting quantum interference devices(SQUIDs)is currently the preferred readout technology for the low-noise transition edge sensor(TES).In this work,we have designed and fabricated...A cold preamplifier based on superconducting quantum interference devices(SQUIDs)is currently the preferred readout technology for the low-noise transition edge sensor(TES).In this work,we have designed and fabricated a series SQUID array(SSA)amplifier for the TES detector readout circuit.In this SSA amplifier,each SQUID cell is composed of a first-order gradiometer formed using two equally large square washers,and an on-chip low pass filter(LPF)as a radiofrequency(RF)choke has been developed to reduce the Josephson oscillation interference between individual SQUID cells.In addition,a highly symmetric layout has been designed carefully to provide a fully consistent embedded electromagnetic environment and achieve coherent flux operation.The measured results show smooth V-Φcharacteristics and a swing voltage that increases linearly with increasing SQUID cell number N.A white flux noise level as low as 0.28μφ;/Hz;is achieved at 0.1 K,corresponding to a low current noise level of 7 pA/Hz;.We analyze the measured noise contribution at mK-scale temperatures and find that the dominant noise derives from a combination of the SSA intrinsic noise and the equivalent current noise of the room temperature electronics.展开更多
Ultrasound can be considered a mechanical wave for both clinical diagnostic and therapeutic purposes on the basis of its good penetrability and directivity while spreading in solid organs or tissues without any ionizi...Ultrasound can be considered a mechanical wave for both clinical diagnostic and therapeutic purposes on the basis of its good penetrability and directivity while spreading in solid organs or tissues without any ionizing radiation.As a powerful form of energy,ultrasound,is used for deep-tissue therapy with different sonication parameters.The feasibility of minimally invasive or noninvasive acoustic treatment of a variety of diseases,such as hypertension,arrhythmia,hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,and myocardial infraction,is being explored in animal experiments and clinical trials.In this review,we summarize the biomedical effects of acoustic intervention in experimental and clinical studies,current challenges,and the potential of ultrasound for cardiovascular disease therapy.展开更多
By using the OLS model,an equation for the rate of decomposing wood by a variety of fungi was established.We analyzed the effects of various fungi in the experimental data under different temperature and humidity.Base...By using the OLS model,an equation for the rate of decomposing wood by a variety of fungi was established.We analyzed the effects of various fungi in the experimental data under different temperature and humidity.Based on the growth performance of different fungi at different temperatures and humidity,we use the method of systematic cluster to divide the fungi into 5 categories,and introduce competition levels as the viability of different species of fungi.We have established a logistic model that introduces competition levels to obtain a fungal habitat model.The fungal habitat model includes predictions about the relative advantages and disadvantages for each species and combinations of species likely to persist,and do so for different environments including arid,semi-arid,temperate,arboreal,and tropical rain forests.展开更多
Accurate simulation of characteristics performance and state of health(SOH)estimation for lithium-ion batteries are critical for battery management systems(BMS)in electric vehicles.Battery simplified electrochemical m...Accurate simulation of characteristics performance and state of health(SOH)estimation for lithium-ion batteries are critical for battery management systems(BMS)in electric vehicles.Battery simplified electrochemical model(SEM)can achieve accurate estimation of battery terminal voltage with less computing resources.To ensure the applica-bility of life-cycle usage,degradation physics need to be involved in SEM models.This work conducts deep analysis on battery degradation physics and develops an aging-effect coupling model based on an existing improved single particle(ISP)model.Firstly,three mechanisms of solid electrolyte interface(SEI)film growth throughout life cycle are analyzed,and an SEI film growth model of lithium-ion battery is built coupled with the ISP model.Then,a series of identification conditions for individual cells are designed to non-destructively determine model parameters.Finally,battery aging experiment is designed to validate the battery performance simulation method and SOH estimation method.The validation results under different aging rates indicate that this method can accurately es-timate characteristics performance and SOH for lithium-ion batteries during the whole life cycle.展开更多
Based on the measurement of major and trace elements in suspended sediments in the low reaches of the Changjiang River during throughout a whole hydrologic year, the origins, seasonal variations, and fluxes of multiel...Based on the measurement of major and trace elements in suspended sediments in the low reaches of the Changjiang River during throughout a whole hydrologic year, the origins, seasonal variations, and fluxes of multielements and the human impacts on multielements transport processes have been analyzed along with the influence of weathering in the Changjiang River basin. The results show that most element contents were high in both autumn and winter and low in summer, which was largely caused by the dilution of discharge. Weathering detritus in the Changjiang River basin is the main source of most elements in suspended sediments. However, riverine pollution could bring more loadings of Cd, Pb, As and Zn into river water than it did a few decades ago. The annual average fluxes of Cd, Pb and Zn, which are major contamination elements, to the sea were 179 ± 21 tons/year, 7810 ± 675 tons/year, and 12,000 ± 1320 tons/year,respectively, in which approximately 8.7%, 11.9% and 2.7% of their loadings, respectively,were contributed by pollution inputs. Element exports mainly occurred in the summer(44.4%–57.4%) in the lower part of the Changjiang River. A general relationship between sediment retention and element content suggests a positive feedback mechanism for the decreased number of particles, in which element riverine loadings are reduced due to the enhanced trapping effect by the Three Gorges Dam(TGD). Compared to those in 1980,current element shares of the Changjiang River compared to the global budget have declined due to the construction of the TGD.展开更多
Broadband white-light emission in metal halides has been intensely explored because of their facile solution processability,structural adjustability,and high color rendering index.However,the most reported quantum yie...Broadband white-light emission in metal halides has been intensely explored because of their facile solution processability,structural adjustability,and high color rendering index.However,the most reported quantum yields for white-light emission remain low despite great efforts.Herein,we report a metal-halide layered perovskite,(HOOC_(4)H_(9)NH_(3))_(2)PbBr_(4),showing the typical white-light emission with a highly enhan ced quantumyield up to 21.2% compared to previously reported noncarboxyl layered hybrid perovskites(0.5-9%).Notably,mechanistic studies reveal that the distinctive carboxylic acid dimers largely increase the structure rigidity and in consequence reduce the nonradiative recombination induced by stretching vibration.To the best of our knowledge,this strategy is important in hybrid perovskites,which is effective and propagable to acquire prominent photoluminescence.This work will shed light on the design of highly emissive white-light materials involving intense intermolecular interaction and promote their potential in displaying application.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0304003)。
文摘A cold preamplifier based on superconducting quantum interference devices(SQUIDs)is currently the preferred readout technology for the low-noise transition edge sensor(TES).In this work,we have designed and fabricated a series SQUID array(SSA)amplifier for the TES detector readout circuit.In this SSA amplifier,each SQUID cell is composed of a first-order gradiometer formed using two equally large square washers,and an on-chip low pass filter(LPF)as a radiofrequency(RF)choke has been developed to reduce the Josephson oscillation interference between individual SQUID cells.In addition,a highly symmetric layout has been designed carefully to provide a fully consistent embedded electromagnetic environment and achieve coherent flux operation.The measured results show smooth V-Φcharacteristics and a swing voltage that increases linearly with increasing SQUID cell number N.A white flux noise level as low as 0.28μφ;/Hz;is achieved at 0.1 K,corresponding to a low current noise level of 7 pA/Hz;.We analyze the measured noise contribution at mK-scale temperatures and find that the dominant noise derives from a combination of the SSA intrinsic noise and the equivalent current noise of the room temperature electronics.
文摘Ultrasound can be considered a mechanical wave for both clinical diagnostic and therapeutic purposes on the basis of its good penetrability and directivity while spreading in solid organs or tissues without any ionizing radiation.As a powerful form of energy,ultrasound,is used for deep-tissue therapy with different sonication parameters.The feasibility of minimally invasive or noninvasive acoustic treatment of a variety of diseases,such as hypertension,arrhythmia,hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,and myocardial infraction,is being explored in animal experiments and clinical trials.In this review,we summarize the biomedical effects of acoustic intervention in experimental and clinical studies,current challenges,and the potential of ultrasound for cardiovascular disease therapy.
文摘By using the OLS model,an equation for the rate of decomposing wood by a variety of fungi was established.We analyzed the effects of various fungi in the experimental data under different temperature and humidity.Based on the growth performance of different fungi at different temperatures and humidity,we use the method of systematic cluster to divide the fungi into 5 categories,and introduce competition levels as the viability of different species of fungi.We have established a logistic model that introduces competition levels to obtain a fungal habitat model.The fungal habitat model includes predictions about the relative advantages and disadvantages for each species and combinations of species likely to persist,and do so for different environments including arid,semi-arid,temperate,arboreal,and tropical rain forests.
基金supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M690740)supported by project of the study on the gradient utilization and industrialization demonstration of lithium-ion power battery(ZH01110405180053PWC).
文摘Accurate simulation of characteristics performance and state of health(SOH)estimation for lithium-ion batteries are critical for battery management systems(BMS)in electric vehicles.Battery simplified electrochemical model(SEM)can achieve accurate estimation of battery terminal voltage with less computing resources.To ensure the applica-bility of life-cycle usage,degradation physics need to be involved in SEM models.This work conducts deep analysis on battery degradation physics and develops an aging-effect coupling model based on an existing improved single particle(ISP)model.Firstly,three mechanisms of solid electrolyte interface(SEI)film growth throughout life cycle are analyzed,and an SEI film growth model of lithium-ion battery is built coupled with the ISP model.Then,a series of identification conditions for individual cells are designed to non-destructively determine model parameters.Finally,battery aging experiment is designed to validate the battery performance simulation method and SOH estimation method.The validation results under different aging rates indicate that this method can accurately es-timate characteristics performance and SOH for lithium-ion batteries during the whole life cycle.
基金supported in by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41776089)the Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China(Nos.2017S03 and 2016S03)
文摘Based on the measurement of major and trace elements in suspended sediments in the low reaches of the Changjiang River during throughout a whole hydrologic year, the origins, seasonal variations, and fluxes of multielements and the human impacts on multielements transport processes have been analyzed along with the influence of weathering in the Changjiang River basin. The results show that most element contents were high in both autumn and winter and low in summer, which was largely caused by the dilution of discharge. Weathering detritus in the Changjiang River basin is the main source of most elements in suspended sediments. However, riverine pollution could bring more loadings of Cd, Pb, As and Zn into river water than it did a few decades ago. The annual average fluxes of Cd, Pb and Zn, which are major contamination elements, to the sea were 179 ± 21 tons/year, 7810 ± 675 tons/year, and 12,000 ± 1320 tons/year,respectively, in which approximately 8.7%, 11.9% and 2.7% of their loadings, respectively,were contributed by pollution inputs. Element exports mainly occurred in the summer(44.4%–57.4%) in the lower part of the Changjiang River. A general relationship between sediment retention and element content suggests a positive feedback mechanism for the decreased number of particles, in which element riverine loadings are reduced due to the enhanced trapping effect by the Three Gorges Dam(TGD). Compared to those in 1980,current element shares of the Changjiang River compared to the global budget have declined due to the construction of the TGD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.21971238,21833010,21875251,21975258,and 21921001)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant no.ZDBS-LY-SLH024)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant no.XDB20010200)Youth Innovation Promotion of CAS.
文摘Broadband white-light emission in metal halides has been intensely explored because of their facile solution processability,structural adjustability,and high color rendering index.However,the most reported quantum yields for white-light emission remain low despite great efforts.Herein,we report a metal-halide layered perovskite,(HOOC_(4)H_(9)NH_(3))_(2)PbBr_(4),showing the typical white-light emission with a highly enhan ced quantumyield up to 21.2% compared to previously reported noncarboxyl layered hybrid perovskites(0.5-9%).Notably,mechanistic studies reveal that the distinctive carboxylic acid dimers largely increase the structure rigidity and in consequence reduce the nonradiative recombination induced by stretching vibration.To the best of our knowledge,this strategy is important in hybrid perovskites,which is effective and propagable to acquire prominent photoluminescence.This work will shed light on the design of highly emissive white-light materials involving intense intermolecular interaction and promote their potential in displaying application.