National Governance Capacity from the View of Comparative Political Economy-Based on the Fight Against COVID-19

At the beginning of 2020,COVID-19 has blocked the pace of the world economic development.In the process of fighting the epidemic,different countries have formulated different policies and showed different effects from fighting it.After the end of COVID-19,the rapid social and economic recovery as well as their development require scientific and effective governance from all countries.From the perspective of comparative political economy theory,taking the COVID-19 epidemic as an example,this article points out the advantages and deficiencies of the national governance capacity,as well as seek ways to improve the national governance capacity.

Mechanism insights and therapeutic intervention of tumor metastasis:latest developments and perspectives

Metastasis remains a pivotal characteristic of cancer and is the primary contributor to cancer-associated mortality.Despite its significance,the mechanisms governing metastasis are not fully elucidated.Contemporary findings in the domain of cancer biology have shed light on the molecular aspects of this intricate process.Tumor cells undergoing invasion engage with other cellular entities and proteins en route to their destination.Insights into these engagements have enhanced our comprehension of the principles directing the movement and adaptability of metastatic cells.The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in facilitating the invasion and proliferation of cancer cells by enabling tumor cells to navigate through stromal barriers.Such attributes are influenced by genetic and epigenetic changes occurring in the tumor cells and their surrounding milieu.A profound understanding of the metastatic process’s biological mechanisms is indispensable for devising efficacious therapeutic strategies.This review delves into recent developments concerning metastasis-associated genes,important signaling pathways,tumor microenvironment,metabolic processes,peripheral immunity,and mechanical forces and cancer metastasis.In addition,we combine recent advances with a particular emphasis on the prospect of developing effective interventions including the most popular cancer immunotherapies and nanotechnology to combat metastasis.We have also identified the limitations of current research on tumor metastasis,encompassing drug resistance,restricted animal models,inadequate biomarkers and early detection methods,as well as heterogeneity among others.It is anticipated that this comprehensive review will significantly contribute to the advancement of cancer metastasis research.

Design Principle,Optimization Strategies,and Future Perspectives of Anode‑Free Configurations for High‑Energy Rechargeable Metal Batteries

Metal anodes(e.g.,lithium,sodium and zinc metal anodes)based on a unique plating/stripping mechanism have been well recognized as the most promising anodes for next-generation high-energy metal batteries owing to their superior theoretical specific capacities and low redox potentials.However,realizing full utilization and the theoretical capacity of metal anodes remains challenging because of their high reactivity,poor reversibility,and nonplanar metal evolution patterns,which lead to irreversible loss of active metals and the electrolyte.To minimize the above issues,excess metal sources and flooded electrolytes are generally used for laboratory-based studies.Despite the superior cycling performance achieved for these cells,the metal-anode-excess design deviates from practical applications due to the low anode utilization,highly inflated coulombic efficiency,and undesirable volumetric capacity.In contrast,anode-free configurations can overcome these draw-backs while reducing fabrication costs and improving cell safety.In this review,the significance of anode-free configurations is elaborated,and different types of anode-free cells are introduced,including reported designs and proposed feasible yet unexplored concepts.The optimization strategies for anode-free lithium,sodium,zinc,and aluminum metal batteries are summarized.Most importantly,the remaining challenges for extending the cycle life of anode-free cells are discussed,and the requirements for anode-free cells to reach practical applications are highlighted.This comprehensive review is expected to draw more attention to anode-free configurations and bring new inspiration to the design of high-energy metal batteries.

A Robust Pedestrian Detection Approach Based on Shapelet Feature and Haar Detector Ensembles

Detection of pedestrians in images and video sequences is important for many applications but is very challenging due to the various silhouettes of pedestrians and partial occlusions. This paper describes a two-stage robust pedestrian detection approach. The first stage uses a full body detector applied to a single image to generate pedestrian candidates. In the second stage, each pedestrian candidate is verified with a detector ensemble consisting of part detectors. The full body detector is trained based on improved shapelet features, while the part detectors make use of Haar-like wavelets as features. All the detectors are trained by a boosting method. The responses of the part detectors are then combined using a detector ensemble. The verification process is formulated as a combinatoria~ optimization problem with a genetic a^gorithm for optimization. Then, the detection results are regarded as equivalent classes so that multiple detections of the same pedestrian are quickly merged together. Tests show that this approach has a detection rate of over 95% for 0.1% FPPW on the INRIA dataset, which is significantly better than that of the original shapelet feature based approach and the existing detector ensemble approach. This approach can robustly detect pedestrians in different situations.

Energy-driven surface evolution in beta-MnO2 structures

Exposed crystal facets directly affect the electrochemical/catalytic performance of MnO2 materials during their applications in supercapacitors, rechargeable batteries, and fuel cells. Currently, the facet-controlled synthesis of MnO2 is facing serious challenges due to the lack of an in-depth understanding of their surface evolution mechanisms. Here, combining aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy （STEM） and high-resolution TEM, we revealed a mutual energy-driven mechanism between beta-MnO2 nanowires and microstructures that dominated the evolution of the lateral facets in both structures. The evolution of the lateral surfaces followed the elimination of the {100} facets and increased the occupancy of {110} facets with the increase in hydrothermal retention time. Both self-growth and oriented attachment along their {100} facets were observed as two different ways to reduce the surface energies of the beta-MnO2 structures. High-density screw dislocations with the 1/2〈100〉 Burgers vector were generated consequently. The observed surface evolution phenomenon offers guidance for the facet-controlled growth of beta- MnO2 materials with high performances for its application in metal-air batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, etc.